TERRITORIAL COHESION OF MUNICIPALITIES IN POLAND IN 2005-2017 IN TERMS OF SYNTHETIC MEASURE, IN THE CONTEXT OF CONVERGENCE AND SPATIAL CLUSTERING

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (4) ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
Marcin Gospodarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Different Levels

The concept of territorial cohesion has gained importance in the context of the development of the European Union’s regional policy, but definitions of the concept vary enormously. The article uses the concept of spatial development supporting economic and social aspects of cohesion and, on this basis, constructs a multidimensional index of territorial cohesion based on five dimensions (economic, demographic, infrastructural in two approaches and environmental) of the phenomenon. The measure was applied to the total population of municipalities (2175) in rural areas in Poland in the years 2005-2017. The aim of the study was to assess the territorial cohesion of municipalities in Poland in static and dynamic terms and use econometric tools to identify the potential convergence of cohesion and determine the effect of “catching up”, according to Jeffrey G. Williamson [1965], where municipalities with a higher level of cohesion are followed by municipalities with a lower level. The results of previous studies conducted at different regional levels indicate an increase in income polarization in rural areas and the creation of islands of convergence, where the regions with the highest and lowest wealth become similar intra-group but not inter-group. The results indicate a decrease in relative territorial cohesion in rural areas in Poland in 2005-2017 at a municipality level and a tendency to the formation of spatial clusters of entities with similar levels of the characteristic. They do not allow to confirm the view of convergence of cohesion between entities with different levels of the characteristic.

scholarly journals The coherence of common policies of the EU in territorial cohesion: A never-ending discourse? A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornella Mikuš ◽  
Marin Kukoč ◽  
Mateja Jež Rogelj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
Common Policies ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
The Eu

The measures of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Regional (Cohesion) Policy are aimed at achieving cohesion, i.e. reducing the economic (sectoral), social and territorial disparities at European Union level. The issue of rural areas has become an important part of the CAP measures in Pillar 2. Since the CAP does not have a primarily territorial orientation, it does not contribute to territorial cohesion of rural areas. In a similar vein, regional policy, which is primarily oriented towards territorial development, also failed to give rise to complete, balanced development. Using qualitative analysis, this article summarises references selected on the basis of the authors’ experience in policy issues. The types of discourse included on the subject of coherence of common policies are the role of agricultural, rural and regional policy in cohesion and the conflict of cohesion and competitiveness objectives. Modern political and economic efforts of converging competitiveness into the macro concept with spatial implication result in planning and implementation of inappropriate measures and instruments intended to encourage the balanced territorial development of the EU. From this arises a conflict of cohesion and competitiveness, coupled with long-term consequences for the most vulnerable areas.

scholarly journals COPD awareness in the urban slums and rural areas around Pune city in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deesha Deepak Ghorpade ◽  
Anchala Raghupathy ◽  
Jyoti Deepak Londhe ◽  
Sapna Jitendra Madas ◽  
Nisha Vijay Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

AbstractCOPD is the second leading cause of death and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in India, yet, it remains poorly recognized. We aimed to study the level of awareness of COPD in urban slums of Pune city in India and its neighboring rural areas. All male and female subjects above the age of 30 years residing in 13 randomly selected slums of Pune city (total population of 3000) and 7 randomly selected neighboring rural villages (total population of 3000) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional community survey. After obtaining written informed consent, 13 trained community health workers (CHWs) administered a questionnaire that captured their level of awareness of COPD. Of the 6000 subjects approached, 5420 residents (mean age ± SD = 48.0 ± 13.5 years; 38% males) consented and answered all questions. The number of people who had ever heard the word COPD was 49/5420 [0.9% (0.6–1.1%); 0.7% (0.5–1.3%) of the urban slum dwellers and 1.15% (0.5–1.3%) of rural residents]. Among those who had never heard the word COPD (n = 5371), when asked what was the name of the disease caused by long-term tobacco smoking, 38% said cancer, 16.7% said asthma, and 4.4% said TB. Among those who had heard the word COPD (n = 49), 6.1% said it was a disease of the heart, and 61% attributed COPD to smoke and dust pollution and 20% to tobacco smoking. The level of awareness of COPD in the Indian community is extremely low, highlighting the need to have nationwide mass awareness programs in India.

Spatial Clusters of Diabetes and Physical Inactivity: Do Neighborhood Characteristics in High and Low Clusters Differ?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-621
Author(s):  
Joanna Sara Valson ◽  
V. Raman Kutty ◽  
Biju Soman ◽  
V. T. Jissa
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study aims to find spatial clusters of diabetes and physical inactivity among a sample population in Kerala, India, and evaluate built environment characteristics within the high and low spatial clusters. Spatial clusters with a higher and lower likelihood of diabetes and physical inactivity were identified using spatial scan statistic at various radii. Built environment characteristics were captured at panchayat level and 1600 m buffer around participant location using Geographical Information Systems. Comparison of sociodemographic and built environment factors was carried out for participants within high and low spatial clusters using t tests. Ten high and 8 low spatial clusters of diabetes and 17 high and 23 low spatial clusters of physical inactivity were identified in urban and rural areas of Kerala. Significant differences in built environment characteristics were consistent for low spatial clusters of diabetes and physical inactivity in the urban scenario. Built environment characteristics were found to be relevant in both urban and rural areas of Kerala. There is an urgent call to explore spatial clustering of non-communicable diseases in Kerala and undo the one-size-fits-all approach for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Infrastructural and Social Aspects of ICT Dissemination in Rural Areas in Ukraine in Juxtaposition with Other Post-Transition Countries—State of Play and Prospects for Rural Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Synowiec
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Information And Communication

The objective of this study is to identify the current state of, and the prospects for, information and communication technologies (ICT) dissemination in rural areas in Ukraine in juxtaposition with other post-transition countries. The spread of ICT is discussed within the frame of economic, infrastructural, and social factors affecting rural areas in Ukraine since the post-communist transition period. Information and communication technologies may support the socio-economic development of peripheral areas in many ways—including rural ones. Dissemination of ICT contributes to the emergence of sources of income, equalizes education opportunities, and increases the attractiveness of rural areas. However, the rural—urban divide in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and other former USSR countries is still remarkable and, as a type of structural inequality, should be better recognized. The source material is based on secondary data, which consists of selected literature on the subject of rural development in Central and Eastern European Countries, strategic documents, available reports and studies of international institutions, research from agencies, state documents and statistics, and research conducted by international and domestic NGOs. In reference to the paper’s objective, the method of content analysis was employed. Dissemination of ICT in rural areas in Ukraine is influenced by two groups of factors. The infrastructural divide concerning Internet access between rural and urban populations in Ukraine has been diminishing, but the issue of structural exclusion due to place of residence has still not been solved. As far as the social aspects of ICT dissemination in rural areas in Ukraine are concerned, the level of digital literacy among rural dwellers is significantly lower in comparison to urban residents. Rural areas are more exposed to the consequences of various aspects of digital exclusion.

scholarly journals Simulating the impact of vaccination rates on the initial stages of a COVID-19 outbreak in New Zealand (Aotearoa) with a stochastic model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leighton M Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Aim: The August 2021 COVID-19 outbreak in Auckland has caused the New Zealand government to transition from an elimination strategy to suppression, which relies heavily on high vaccination rates in the population. As restrictions are eased and as COVID-19 leaks through the Auckland boundary, there is a need to understand how different levels of vaccination will impact the initial stages of COVID-19 outbreaks that are seeded around the country. Method: A stochastic branching process model is used to simulate the initial spread of a COVID-19 outbreak for different vaccination rates. Results: High vaccination rates are effective at minimizing the number of infections and hospitalizations. Increasing vaccination rates from 20% (approximate value at the start of the August 2021 outbreak) to 80% (approximate proposed target) of the total population can reduce the median number of infections that occur within the first four weeks of an outbreak from 1011 to 14 (25th and 75th quantiles of 545-1602 and 2-32 for V=20% and V=80%, respectively). As the vaccination rate increases, the number of breakthrough infections (infections in fully vaccinated individuals) and hospitalizations of vaccinated individuals increases. Unvaccinated individuals, however, are 3.3x more likely to be infected with COVID-19 and 25x more likely to be hospitalized. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the importance of vaccination in protecting individuals from COVID-19, preventing high caseloads, and minimizing the number of hospitalizations and hence limiting the pressure on the healthcare system.

scholarly journals Micro Finance in Manipur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Robita S
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Self Reliance

Manipur lives in villages. The rural population contributes to about 76.12% of the total population. Enhancement in the quality of life of the economically weaker section of the society has been one of the basic objectives of development planning of the State. Rural development, by empowering the rural masses through economic self-reliance, is one of the priority areas of the Central and State Govts. To bring about development in rural areas, the govts. and banks/financial institutions have formulated various programmes and schemes. Micro Finance is one such scheme adopted for the development of rural people.

scholarly journals Studi Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Pelayanan Air Bersih Perumda Tirta Muaro Unit Teluk Singkawang

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Siti Umi Kalsum ◽  
Asih Suzana ◽  
Amira Qotrunada Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Number Of Customers

PERUMDA Tirta Muaro Unit Teluk Singkawang in the dimension of assurance is still not good. As evidenced by the low scope of service in this unit. Marked by the number of customers in 2020 as many as 2035 people. While the population of Sumay Subdistrict in 2020 as many as 21,398 people (Tebo Regency in Numbers, 2021). This means that the service coverage is 9.5%. This has not met the government's target of drinking water services of 75% for rural areas (Permen PU No. 13, 2013).This type of research includes explorative descriptive research using qualitative statistical research techniques. This research method uses survey method with customer population of PERUMDA Tirta Muaro Unit Teluk Singkawang. Sampling techniques using slovin formula. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis, with F test and t test using SPSS software. The results of the study that the level of customer satisfaction based on respondents' responses to 5 (five) dimensions of service quality received a score of 3.54 in the category of satisfied.

Abstract MP41: Comparisons of Built Environment Characteristics Inside and Outside of Spatial Clusters of Physical Activity and Obesity in Older U.S. Women

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Tamura ◽  
Robin C Puett ◽  
Jaime E Hart ◽  
Heather A Starnes ◽  
Francine Laden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Spatial Scan Statistic ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Intersection Density ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Spatial clustering methods have been applied to cancer for over a decade. These methods have been used in studies on physical activity (PA) and obesity. One recent study examined differences in built environment attributes inside and outside PA clusters. We tested two hypotheses: 1) PA and obesity would spatially cluster in older women; and 2) built environment attributes typically related to higher walkability would be found in high PA clusters, while attributes related to lower walkability would appear in high obesity clusters. Methods: We used data from 22,589 Nurses’ Health Study participants (mean age = 69.9 ± 6.8y) in California, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. Two outcomes were examined: meeting PA guidelines via self-reported walking (≥ 500 MET-min/week) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0). Objective built environment variables were created: population and intersection density, diversity of facilities, and facility density. We used a spatial scan statistic to detect clusters (i.e., areas with high or low rates) of the two outcomes. Built environment attributes were compared inside and outside clusters. Results: Six spatial clusters of PA were found in California and Massachusetts. Two obesity clusters were found in Pennsylvania. Overall there were significant differences (p<0.05) in population and intersection density, and diversity and density of facilities inside and outside clusters. In some cases, built environment attributes related to higher walkability appeared in high PA clusters, while in other PA clusters we did not find this pattern. Differences in built environment attributes inside and outside obesity clusters showed inconsistent patterns. Conclusion: Although PA and obesity clusters emerged, the comparison of built environment attributes inside and outside clusters revealed a complex picture not fully consistent with existing literature. Further examination of PA and obesity clusters in older adults should include other built environment factors that may be related to these outcomes.

Creating Effective Rural Policies: Rural Lenses and Their Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Helps
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Government

As part of an international trend in regional policy development towards “mainstreaming” rural issues, multiple national and regional governments have created policy lenses designed to ensure that legislation is formed with the needs of rural areas taken into account. Despite a relative lack of academic research on the effectiveness of rural lenses, the idea has been imported to multiple jurisdictions, including several Canadian provinces. This presentation will offer a comparative overview of rural lenses in jurisdictions in Europe and North America in order to achieve a better understanding of their commonalities and divergences in methods, circumstances, and effectiveness. The presentation will make use of a review of the government and academic literature conducted for an upcoming working paper by Louis Helps and Dr. Ryan Gibson. This research is the foundation of a larger project that will seek to understand the feasibility of implementing rural lenses at the provincial level in Canada.

Availability of Infrastructure Facilities in India

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-163
Author(s):  
Soumyadip Chattopadhyay ◽  
Sampriti Pal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Private Financing ◽  
Government Level

It has been a well-accepted fact that there exists a strong relationship between infrastructure and economic growth. Like many other developing countries, lot of emphasis has been placed on the importance of investments in infrastructure for fostering economic growth in India. A state-wise analysis of five support infrastructure in India shows improvement in infrastructural facilities in 2014 as compared to 2007. Rural–urban gap is converging for most of the states, showing that the rural areas are catching up with their urban counterparts. However, the availability of infrastructure can be termed anything but inadequate. The infrastructural deficits can be met possibly through better management of publicly funded projects and greater role of private players. Given the resource crunch at government level, private financing of investment is simply a matter of necessity rather than a matter of choice. Therefore, this chapter argues for creation of an enabling environment and to facilitate the infusion of adequate private fund while keeping the interest of vulnerable sections in mind.

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