scholarly journals Manifestations of Sovereignty in Venezuela and the Spirit of Bolivarian Revolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Henry Moncrieff Zabaleta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bolivarian Revolution ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
International Media ◽  
Hugo Chavez ◽  
The Many

On December 8, 2012, in the last speech of the late Comandante Hugo Chávez, the issue of Venezuelan sovereignty reached its climax with the succinct phrase – ‘Today we have Homeland! (Patria)’. Currently, Venezuela is going through a large-scale political conflict, trying to make sense of a pressing economic and humanitarian crisis. The so-called Bolivarian Revolution that began in 1999 as a project of revolutionary and anti-imperialist democracy, plays out today at an unprecedented geopolitical scale, increasingly appearing in international media, a media that distorts the many points of tension between the war and the resistance that Venezuelans experience in their daily lives. The slogan ‘We have Homeland! (Patria)’ has become the center of discord, splitting this nation: while some defend Venezuelan nationalist socialism, others oppose the system that has ‘ruined’ the country’s economy. This photographic essay, produced between 2012 and 2016, as a part of the author’s ethnographic work on geographies and socialist societies in Venezuela, shows the complex ways in which the discourse of national and territorial sovereignty materializes in the state, in the body, in the ways of life, in the city, in the neighborhoods and in the deserters of the Venezuelan socialist regime that faces neoliberal globalization.  Living between the borders of two economies articulated by the state, one socialist and the other capitalist, renders the Venezuelan spirit a subject that is both challenging and contradictory, something that manifests itself in Bolivarianism, the cult of Chávez, the attachment to consumer goods, the ‘escape’ from the system (even in the Caribbean Sea) and the anguish over the economic and political confinement of lives.

Gendered Secularization and the Body Policing of Muslim Women

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raissa Killoran
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Women ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
The Many ◽  
A Site

The many usages of the term ‘secularism’ have generated an ambiguity in the word; as a political guise, it may be used to engender anti-religious fervor. Particularly in regards to veiling among female Muslim adherents, the attainment of a secular state and touting of the necessity of dismantling religious symbols have functioned as linguistic shields. By calling a “burka ban” necessary or even egalitarian secularization, legislators employ ‘secularization’ as jargon for political ends, enacting a stance of supremacy under the semblance of progress. Secularization has come to function as a political tool - in the name of it, governments may prescribe which cultural symbols are normative and which are of ‘other’ cultures or religious origins. As such, the identification of some religious symbols as foreign and others as normative is a usage of secularization for normalization of dominant religious expression. In this, there is an implicit neocolonialism; by imposing standards of cultural normalcy which are definitively nonMuslim, such policies attempt to divorce Muslims from Islam.  Further, I intend to investigate the gendered aspect of secularization politics. By critiquing clothing and body policing of women, I will demonstrate how secularization projects use the female body and dress as a site for display. By rendering the female physically emblematic of the honor and virtue of an ‘other’ culture, those enacting secularization norms target women’s bodies to act as visual exhibitions of the dominant culture’s hegemony. Here, we see gendered secularization at work - female bodies become controlled by the antireligious zeal of the state, while the state carries out this control on the predicate that it is the religious group enacting unjust control. As such, the policing of female Muslim bodies is symbolic of the policing of Islam as a whole; it acts as an illustration of an imposed, gendered secularization project.

Contemporary sources for Essex’s lieutenancy in Ireland, 1599

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.W. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
Special Service ◽  
The Many

On the intelligence side, the Irish wars in this period were little different from any of the large-scale enterprises overseas of the 1590s. The expedition to Ireland of 1599, as in the case of the Cadiz expedition of 1596 and its successor to the Islands in 1597, is preluded by a crop of ‘projects’ and ‘espialls’ in the state papers, and the preparations traceable there have the distinctive marks of a special service. Among the many eye-witness accounts of oversea operations in the 1590s, however, which take the form of private journals, as distinct from dispatches to the queen or the privy council, Sir John Harington’s journal of Essex’s command in Ireland stands by itself in importance, though its position appears to be challenged by the contemporaneous Treatice of Ireland, by John Dymmok, who like Harington served under Essex there. It was pointed out long ago that these two works, so far as they cover the same events, agree almost word for word with each other. The question of authenticity is not helped by the fact that Harington’s journal has shared the fate of all his letters and papers in that neither the original nor any contemporary copy of it are to be found. Internal evidence, however, shows that the borrower was Dymmok, perhaps acting with the indifference in these matters that was characteristic of the period, though more commonly found among the chroniclers. The wonder perhaps is that Dymmok has allowed himself to repeat a number of Harington’s misplaced verbal ‘conceits’, for the existing differences tell strongly in favour of Dymmok as witness. Where the differences are not due to copyists’ errors Dymmok has invariably improved the sense, and the matter-of-fact ending to his relation of the Munster journey is in noteworthy contrast to an unfair gloss in the corresponding passage in Harington.

A new earthworm species of the genus Rhinodrilus (Rhinodrilidae, Clitellata) and new records of earthworms species from the Amazon-Cerrado-Caatinga transition in the State of Maranhão, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4810 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
SANDRIEL COSTA SOUSA ◽  
ANNY MYKAELLY DE SOUSA ◽  
LUIS MANUEL HERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
REGIA MARIA REIS GUALTER ◽  
GUILLAUME XAVIER ROUSSEAU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Records ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Pontoscolex Corethrurus ◽  
Flora Diversity ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species of the genus Rhinodrilus from the transition between the Amazon, Cerrado and Caatinga biomes in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. The region is currently being converted to large-scale agriculture, which may cause severe losses in the local fauna and flora diversity yet very poorly studied. Rhinodrilus antonioi sp. nov. has irregular setae in the posterior region of the body, spermathecae without diverticula, tubercula pubertatis in the form of band extended in the line BC in XXI–XXV and clitellum from XIV–XXVII. Five new records are reported for the region, Dichogaster bolaui, Liodrilus mendesi, Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus, Urobenus brasiliensis and Urobenus petrerei. 

scholarly journals Microbiological Production of Polyhydroxbutyrates From Renewable Sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Rysbek ◽  
A.A. Kurmanbayev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Distribution Studies

Plastics play an important role in our daily lives and are used for various purposes. The industry of environmentally friendly products is actively developing in our time, including bioplastics, and much attention of scientists is attracted by biodegradable polymers such as polyhydroxyalacanoates or its subspecies polyhydroxybutyrates, which are synthesized by various microorganisms as a reserve substance, and are also the most acceptable replacement for conventional synthetic plastics. However, the cost of large-scale production of such a biodegradable polymer is not competitive with its wide distribution. Studies of the microbial production of polyhydroxybutyrates should be aimed at identifying cost-effective substrates, as well as determining the appropriate strain of the body for production. These biopolymers have a number of specific properties, such as biodegradability and compatibility with living body tissue, which opens up great opportunities for their use in practice. The final product of polyhydroxybutyrates biodegradation in the environment is water and carbon dioxide, and in a living organism 3-butobutyric acid. The main focus of this review was the production of bioplastics from various economical substrates using various types of bacteria.

The Bolivarian Process in Venezuela: A Left Forum

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Lebowitz ◽  
Roland Denis ◽  
Sara Motta ◽  
Steve Ellner ◽  
Susan Spronk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Bolivarian Revolution ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Hugo Chavez

AbstractThe ‘Bolivarian Revolution’ in Venezuela under Hugo Chávez has reignited debate in Latin America and internationally on the questions of socialism and revolution. This forum brings together six leading intellectuals from different revolutionary traditions and introduces their reflections on class-struggle, the state, imperialism, counter-power, revolutionary parties, community and communes, workplaces, economy, politics, society, culture, race, gender, and the hopes, contradictions, and prospects of ‘twenty-first-century socialism’ in contemporary Venezuela.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

Is economic inequality a universal evil?

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
A Current

Using published estimates of inequality for two countries (Russia and USA) the paper demonstrates that inequality measuring still remains in the state of “statistical cacophony”. Under this condition, it seems at least untimely to pass categorical normative judgments and offer radical political advice for governments. Moreover, the mere practice to draw normative conclusions from quantitative data is ethically invalid since ordinary people (non-intellectuals) tend to evaluate wealth and incomes as admissible or inadmissible not on the basis of their size but basing on whether they were obtained under observance or violations of the rules of “fair play”. The paper concludes that a current large-scale ideological campaign of “struggle against inequality” has been unleashed by left-wing intellectuals in order to strengthen even more their discursive power over the public.

The Constitutional Principle of Accountability: A Study of Contemporary South African Case Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuks Okpaluba
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Many

‘Accountability’ is one of the democratic values entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa, 1996. It is a value recognised throughout the Constitution and imposed upon the law-making organs of state, the Executive, the Judiciary and all public functionaries. This constitutional imperative is given pride of place among the other founding values: equality before the law, the rule of law and the supremacy of the Constitution. This study therefore sets out to investigate how the courts have grappled with the interpretation and application of the principle of accountability, the starting point being the relationship between accountability and judicial review. Therefore, in the exercise of its judicial review power, a court may enquire whether the failure of a public functionary to comply with a constitutional duty of accountability renders the decision made illegal, irrational or unreasonable. One of the many facets of the principle of accountability upon which this article dwells is to ascertain how the courts have deployed that expression in making the state and its agencies liable for the delictual wrongs committed against an individual in vindication of a breach of the individual’s constitutional right in the course of performing a public duty. Here, accountability and breach of public duty; the liability of the state for detaining illegal immigrants contrary to the prescripts of the law; the vicarious liability of the state for the criminal acts of the police and other law-enforcement officers (as in police rape cases and misuse of official firearms by police officers), and the liability of the state for delictual conduct in the context of public procurement are discussed. Having carefully analysed the available case law, this article concludes that no public functionary can brush aside the duty of accountability wherever it is imposed without being in breach of a vital constitutional mandate. Further, it is the constitutional duty of the courts, when called upon, to declare such act or conduct an infringement of the Constitution.

Combustion Driven by Fragment-based Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Cao ◽  
Jinzhe Zeng ◽  
Mingyuan Xu ◽  
Chih-Hao Chin ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methane Combustion ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Daily Lives

Combustion is a kind of important reaction that affects people's daily lives and the development of aerospace. Exploring the reaction mechanism contributes to the understanding of combustion and the more efficient use of fuels. Ab initio quantum mechanical (QM) calculation is precise but limited by its computational time for large-scale systems. In order to carry out reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for combustion accurately and quickly, we develop the MFCC-combustion method in this study, which calculates the interaction between atoms using QM method at the level of MN15/6-31G(d). Each molecule in systems is treated as a fragment, and when the distance between any two atoms in different molecules is greater than 3.5 Å, a new fragment involved two molecules is produced in order to consider the two-body interaction. The deviations of MFCC-combustion from full system calculations are within a few kcal/mol, and the result clearly shows that the calculated energies of the different systems using MFCC-combustion are close to converging after the distance thresholds are larger than 3.5 Å for the two-body QM interactions. The methane combustion was studied with the MFCC-combustion method to explore the combustion mechanism of the methane-oxygen system.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

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