scholarly journals A comparison of different O-antigen serogroups of Escherichia coli in semen samples of fertile and infertile men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nabi ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Khalili ◽  
Gilda Eslami ◽  
Mahmood Vakili ◽  
Fatemeh Anbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genital Tract Infections ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Male genital tract infections have been associated with infertility, and Escherichia coli has drawn increasing attention as an important bacterium in this context. This investigation aimed to characterize and compare the distributions of O-antigen serogroups of E. coli in the semen samples of fertile and infertile men. Methods: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 618 fertile and 1,535 infertile men. The E. coli-positive samples were evaluated in terms of concentration, morphology, viability, and motility parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines. Finally, different serogroups of E. coli were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the O-antigen variations of the bacterium.Results: The prevalence of E. coli among fertile men was significantly higher than among infertile men (p<0.0001). The sperm morphology, viability, and motility in the E. coli-positive fertile group were significantly higher than in the E. coli-positive infertile group (p<0.0001). E. coli O6 was the most prevalent serogroup found in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of different serogroups of E. coil between the two groups (p=0.55). Conclusion: Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.

scholarly journals A comparison of different O-antigen serogroups of Escherichia coli in semen samples of fertile and infertile men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nabi ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Khalili ◽  
Gilda Eslami ◽  
Mahmood Vakili ◽  
Fatemeh Anbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genital Tract Infections ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Male genital tract infections have been associated with infertility, and Escherichia coli has drawn increasing attention as an important bacterium in this context. This investigation aimed to characterize and compare the distributions of O-antigen serogroups of E. coli in the semen samples of fertile and infertile men. Methods: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 618 fertile and 1,535 infertile men. The E. coli-positive samples were evaluated in terms of concentration, morphology, viability, and motility parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines. Finally, different serogroups of E. coli were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the O-antigen variations of the bacterium.Results: The prevalence of E. coli among fertile men was significantly higher than among infertile men (p<0.001). The sperm morphology, viability, and motility in the E. coli-positive fertile group were significantly higher than in the E. coli-positive infertile group (p<0.001). E. coli O6 was the most prevalent serogroup found in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of different serogroups of E. coil between the two groups (p=0.55). Conclusion: Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.

scholarly journals Emergence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli within the ST131 Lineage as a Cause of Extraintestinal Infections

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Boll ◽  
Søren Overballe-Petersen ◽  
Henrik Hasman ◽  
Louise Roer ◽  
Kim Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is a major cause of urinary and bloodstream infections. Its association with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) significantly complicates treatment. Its best-described component is the rapidly expanding H30Rx clade, containing allele 30 of the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene fimH. This lineage appears to have emerged in the United States and spread around the world in part due to the acquisition of the ESBL-encoding blaCTX-M-15 gene and resistance to fluoroquinolones. However, non-H30 ST131 sublineages with other acquired CTX-M-type resistance genes are also emerging. Based on whole-genome analyses, we describe here the presence of an (fimH) H27 E. coli ST131 sublineage that has recently caused an outbreak of community-acquired bacteremia and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Denmark. This sublineage has acquired both a virulence plasmid (pAA) that defines the enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) diarrheagenic pathotype and multiple genes associated with extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC); combined, these traits have made this particular ST131 sublineage successful at colonizing its human host and causing recurrent UTI. Moreover, using a historic World Health Organization (WHO) E. coli collection and publicly available genome sequences, we identified a global H27 EAEC ST131 sublineage that dates back as far as 1998. Most H27 EAEC ST131 isolates harbor pAA or pAA-like plasmids, and our analysis strongly implies a single ancestral acquisition among these isolates. These findings illustrate both the profound plasticity of this important pathogenic E. coli ST131 H27 sublineage and genetic acquisitions of EAEC-specific virulence traits that likely confer an enhanced ability to cause intestinal colonization. IMPORTANCE E. coli ST131 is an important extraintestinal pathogenic lineage. A signature characteristic of ST131 is its ability to asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal tract and then opportunistically cause extraintestinal infections, such as cystitis, pyelonephritis, and urosepsis. In this study, we identified an ST131 H27 sublineage that has acquired the enteroaggregative diarrheagenic phenotype, spread across multiple continents, and caused multiple outbreaks of community-acquired ESBL-associated bloodstream infections in Denmark. The strain’s ability to both cause diarrhea and innocuously colonize the human gastrointestinal tract may facilitate its dissemination and establishment in the community.

scholarly journals Performance of three pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands for total coliforms and Escherichia coli removal from primary effluent – a 2-year study in a subtropical climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentina Zurita ◽  
Alejandra Carreón-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stage System ◽  
Health Organization

Three pilot-scale two-stage hybrid constructed wetlands were evaluated in order to compare their efficiency for total coliforms (TCol) and Escherichia coli removal and to analyze their performances in two 1-year periods of experimentation. System I consisted of a horizontal flow (HF) constructed wetland (CW) followed by a stabilization pond. System II was also configured with a HF CW as a first stage which was then followed by a vertical flow (VF) CW as a second stage. System III was configured with a VF CW followed by a HF CW. In the first year of evaluation, the HF–VF system was the most effective for TCol removal (p &lt; 0.05) and achieved a reduction of 2.2 log units. With regard to E. coli removal, the HF–VF and VF–HF systems were the most effective (p &lt; 0.05) with average reductions of 3.2 and 3.8 log units, respectively. In the second year, the most effective were those with a VF component for both TCol and E. coli which underwent average reductions of 2.34–2.44 and 3.44–3.74 log units, respectively. The reduction achieved in E. coli densities, in both years, satisfy the World Health Organization guidelines that require a 3–4 log unit pathogen reduction in wastewater treatment systems.

scholarly journals The implementation of the five keys to safer food in campus cafeterias and the effects on Escherichia coli contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Susanna ◽  
Aria Kusuma ◽  
Tiara Mairani ◽  
Lassie Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

The World Health Organization developed five keys to safer food’s guidelines. This study aimed to determine the relationships between food handlers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior to the guideline and Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination of food served at campus cafeterias. This cross-sectional study was carried out by interviewing 98 food handlers selling food and by testing samples for E. coli. The dependent variable was E. coli contamination, while the independent variables were the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of food handlers based on the guideline. Each independent variable had five sub-variables that corresponded to the guideline. The data were analyzed using chisquare and logistic regression tests. The results showed that food handlers’ knowledge of cooking food thoroughly was significantly related to E. coli contamination (P=0.54 [P<0.05]; OR=2.990;95%CI:1.093– 8.180). Furthermore, the food handlers’ attitudes toward cooking food thoroughly were related to E. coli contamination (P=0.58 [P<0.05]; OR=0.385;95%CI:0.157– 0.944). There were two factors related to E. coli contamination: the food handlers’ knowledge of and attitudes toward the third key of the five keys to food safety.

scholarly journals ROLE OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (IgG) FROM THE INDUCTION OF Escherichia coli PILI ADHESION PROTEIN ISOLATED FROM INFERTILE MALE SEMEN WITH 32.2 KDA MOLECULAR WEIGHT AS OPSONIN AND ANTI-ADHESION AN IN VITRO Escherichia coli INFECTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Sukarjati Sukarjati ◽  
Susie Amilah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Escherichia coli (E. coli), a major cause of male genital tract infections, is asymptomatic and may result in male infertility. We have succeeded in isolating and characterizing proteins of E. Pili coli isolates from semen of infertile men who function as adhesin with a molecular weight (MW) 32.2 kDa. This study aims to prove the ability of IgG results adhesion proteins induced pili of E. MW coli 32.2 kDa as opsonin to determine the value of the activity and phagocytic capacity and as an anti- adhesion by calculating the average number of E. coli that attached to human spermatozoa. E. coli infertile men's semen were cultured using standard bacteriology. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mice. Spermatozoa from donors were prepared using Sil with Select Plus. IgG was obtained from mice immunized with (1) PBS (control), (2) E. coli pili adhesion protein isolated from infertile men semen with MW of 32.2 kDa and (3) weakened E. coli isolated from infertile men's semen. Phagocytic activity value was determined by counting the number of cells activated macrophage phagocytosis process in 100 cells. Phagocytic capacity value was determined by counting the number of bacteria ingested by 25 macrophages. Anti-adhesion test was done by counting the number of bacteria attached to 100 spermatozoa. The results of this study showed difference (p=0.000) in phagocytic activity and phagocytic capacity (p=0.000) between treatment (1) and (2), and between treatment (1) to (3). However, treatment (2) and (3) did not differ neither in phagocytic activity (p=0.693) nor in phagocytosis capacity (p=0.125). Anti-adhesion test produces difference (p=0.000) in the number of E. coli that attached to human spermatozoa between treatments (1) and treatment (2), and between treatments (1) and (3). The number of E. coli that attached to human spermatozoa between treatment (2) and treatment (3) was not significantly different (p=0.371). In conclusion, IgG from the induction of E. coli pili adhesion protein of infertile men semen isolates with MW of 32.2 kDa can increase phagocytic activity and capacity as well as serve as an anti- adhesion. Thus, IgG from the induction of E. coli pili adhesion protein of infertile men semen isolates with MW of 32.2 kDa is protective against in vitro E. coli infection, so that it can be used as material to prevent male reproductive tract infections due to E. coli.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Triterpenoid Kulit Batang Waru Jawa (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Lisa Savitri ◽  
Kharisul Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Health Organization

Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang serius, khususnya di negara berkembang. Adanya resistensi antimikroba menyebabkan bahaya penyakit infeksi semakin parah, sehingga menjadi perhatian terbesar bagi kesehatan manusia. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan bahwa pada tahun 2050, septikemia yang disebabkan oleh bakteri resisten antimikroba dapat mengakibatkan 10 juta kematian selama satu tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan isolasi senyawa triterpenoid yang terkandung dalam tanaman waru jawa (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) serta melakukan identifikasi terhadap senyawa triterpenoid, dan melakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri Escherichia coli. Isolasi triterpenoid dari tanaman waru jawa diawali dengan maserasi menggunakan n-heksana, identifikasi triterpenoid, dan melakukan pengujian untuk aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan maserasi 3,2 kg serbuk kering kulit batang waru jawa menghasilkan ekstrak kental n-heksana sebesar 13,06 g. Hasil uji fitokimia menggunakan pereaksi Liebermann-Burchard menunjukkan ekstrak kental n-heksana positif mengandung triterpenoid. Pemisahan ekstrak kental n-heksana dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan isolat positif mengandung triterpenoid sebanyak 6 fraksi. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukkan adanya serapan maksimum untuk fraksi 1, 2, dan 3 pada panjang gelombang 216,50 nm, 217 nm, dan 228,50 nm. Berdasarkan spektrogram FT-IR menunjukkan adanya gugus C-C, C=O,-C-H, -CH3, -CH2, dan C-O. Hasil aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode disc diffusion dan pengenceran dalam tabung menunjukkan bahwa fraksi 1, 3, 5, dan crude n-heksana mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Eschericia coli. MIC terhadap E. coli fraksi 1 sebesar 0,2 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Emergence of enteroaggregativeEscherichia coliwithin the ST131 lineage as a cause of extraintestinal infections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Boll ◽  
Marc Stegger ◽  
Henrik Hasman ◽  
Louise Roer ◽  
Søren Overballe-Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Genome Analyses ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractEscherichia colisequence type 131 (ST131) is a major cause of urinary and bloodstream infections and its association with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) significantly complicates treatment. Most notorious is its rapidly expandingH30-Rx clade (named for containing allele 30 of the type-1 fimbrial adhesin genefimHand extensive antimicrobial resistance), which appears to have emerged in the United States due in part due to the acquisition of the ESBL-encodingblaCTX-M-15gene and resistance to fluoroquinolones. However, non-H30 ST131 lineages with acquired CTX-M-type resistance genes also are emerging. Based on whole-genome analyses, we describe here the presence of an (fimH)H27E. coliST131 lineage that currently is causing an outbreak of community-acquired bacteremia and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Denmark. This lineage has acquired both a virulence plasmid (pAA) that defines the enteroaggregativeE. coli(EAEC) diarrheagenic pathotype and multiple genes associated with extraintestinalE. coli(ExPEC) that combined has made this particular ST131 lineage highly successful at colonizing its human host and cause recurrent UTI. Moreover, using a historic World Health OrganizationE. colicollection and publically available genome sequences, we identify a globalH27 EAEC ST131 lineage dating back as far as 1998. MostH27 EAEC ST131 isolates harbor pAA or pAA-like plasmids, which analysis strongly imply was caused by a single ancestral acquisition. These findings illustrate the profound plasticity of this important pathogenicE. coli H27 lineage in general, and the genetic acquisitions of EAEC-specific virulence traits that likely confer an enhanced ability to cause intestinal colonization.ImportanceTheE. coliST131 lineage is a notorious extraintestinal pathogen. A signature characteristic of ST131 is its ability to asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal tract and then opportunistically cause extraintestinal infections, such as cystitis, pyelonephritis and urosepsis. In this study, we report a novel ST131 sublineage that has acquired the enteroaggregative diarrheagenic phenotype, spread across multiple continents and has been associated with multiple outbreaks of community-acquired bloodstream infections in Denmark. The strain’s ability to both cause diarrhea and colonize the human gastrointestinal tract may facilitate its dissemination and establishment in the community, whereas the strain’s clonal nature may facilitate targeted control strategies, such as vaccination.

scholarly journals Uji Zona Hambat Kombinasi Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) dan Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
R Abyseka Prayogo ◽  
Dorta Simamora
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
P Value ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Escherichia coli bacteria is the most common cause of gastroenteritis (diarrhea), urinary tract infections (UTI), food poisoning, and other clinical problems such as neonatal miningitis. Garlic (Allium sativum) and Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) are plants that have antimicrobial properties, which can be used against bacteria such as E. Coli. This study was conducted to determine the inhibition zone combination of garlic extract (Allium sativum) and Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) against gram negative bacteria E. Coli. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, and has been ethically feasible. This study was divided into 4 groups with replications 6 times each; group P0 (sterile distilled water), P1 (50% garlic + 25% noni fruit), P2 (50% garlic + 50% noni fruit), P3 (50% garlic + 75% noni fruit). Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test. The analysis results showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone formed was the largest in group P1 (10.7 mm) and the smallest in group P0 (0 mm), while in P2 (9.89 mm), and P3 (9.77 mm). Based on the analysis test, the higher the concentration of noni fruit given to the extract combination resulted in the smaller diameter of the inhibition zone. This occurs due to the combination of garlic and Noni fruit has an antagonistic effect that depend on bacterial species, temperature, pH, chemical structure, chemical reactions, and concentrations or doses of antimicrobial compounds. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between group P1 and group P2, group P1 with group P3 and group P2 with group P3 showing p-value> 0.005.

Gene Mutation of Sulfonamide (SulI) and Tetracycline (TetA/B) Is Responsible for Multidrug Resistance (MDR) of Escherichia coli Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) of Egyptian Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S131-S131
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelmonem ◽  
Amira Husseiny Mohamed ◽  
Hesham Shafik ◽  
Mohamed Shehata ◽  
Gamal EL-Sherbiny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Escherichia coli (E coli) is one of the most commonly found pathogens in hospitals. Infections such as gastroenteritis, cystitis, urinary tract infections (UTI), meningitis, septicemia, and peritonitis were previously treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, the emergence of infectious diseases involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens is still a major threat to human health. This study aimed to investigate the SulI (sulfonamide), TetA (tetracycline), and TetB resistance genes in E coli isolated from urine specimens from hospitalized patients. In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 55 strains of E coli were isolated from urine cultures of patients who had UTIs in ElKasr ElEiny and ELShorta hospitals. Samples were analyzed for bacteriological, biochemical examination, and agar disc-diffusion to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method also was used to detect SulI, TetA/B genes by specific primers. The results suggested that E coli isolates were resistant to all multiple drugs used. Ampicillin showed the highest resistance of all the isolates followed by sulfonamide and tetracycline at 70%, 62%, and 53%, respectively. The lowest resistance detected with levofloxacin was 12%; however, there is no difference in the resistance pattern of gentamycin and aztreonam. The genotypes’ amplification revealed a positive correlation between SulI (sulfonamide) and TetA/B (tetracycline) resistance encoding genes and was shown in all the tested isolates as 100%. In our study, we found a mutation for sulfonamide and tetracycline genes in E coli that was isolated from UTI patients. The mutation is responsible for a multidrug-resistant strain due to the overuse of antibiotics. However, the World Health Organization recommends the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin as the first choice for UTI treatment. Our study recommends regulating and limiting the use of those antibiotics in order to minimize the dissemination of multidrug resistance for E coli.

scholarly journals A Syringe-Based Biosensor to Rapidly Detect Low Levels of Escherichia Coli (ECOR13) in Drinking Water Using Engineered Bacteriophages

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy C. Hinkley ◽  
Spencer Garing ◽  
Paras Jain ◽  
John Williford ◽  
Anne-Laure M. Le Ny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
World Health ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Health Organization

A sanitized drinking water supply is an unconditional requirement for public health and the overall prosperity of humanity. Potential microbial and chemical contaminants of drinking water have been identified by a joint effort between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), who together establish guidelines that define, in part, that the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in drinking water is an indication of inadequate sanitation and a significant health risk. As E. coli is a nearly ubiquitous resident of mammalian gastrointestinal tracts, no detectable counts in 100 mL of drinking water is the standard used worldwide as an indicator of sanitation. The currently accepted EPA method relies on filtration, followed by growth on selective media, and requires 24–48 h from sample to results. In response, we developed a rapid bacteriophage-based detection assay with detection limit capabilities comparable to traditional methods in less than a quarter of the time. We coupled membrane filtration with selective enrichment using genetically engineered bacteriophages to identify less than 20 colony forming units (CFU) E. coli in 100 mL drinking water within 5 h. The combination of membrane filtration with phage infection produced a novel assay that demonstrated a rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of an indicator organism in large volumes of drinking water as recommended by the leading world regulatory authorities.

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