Uji Zona Hambat Kombinasi Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) dan Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli bacteria is the most common cause of gastroenteritis (diarrhea), urinary tract infections (UTI), food poisoning, and other clinical problems such as neonatal miningitis. Garlic (Allium sativum) and Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) are plants that have antimicrobial properties, which can be used against bacteria such as E. Coli. This study was conducted to determine the inhibition zone combination of garlic extract (Allium sativum) and Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) against gram negative bacteria E. Coli. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, and has been ethically feasible. This study was divided into 4 groups with replications 6 times each; group P0 (sterile distilled water), P1 (50% garlic + 25% noni fruit), P2 (50% garlic + 50% noni fruit), P3 (50% garlic + 75% noni fruit). Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test. The analysis results showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone formed was the largest in group P1 (10.7 mm) and the smallest in group P0 (0 mm), while in P2 (9.89 mm), and P3 (9.77 mm). Based on the analysis test, the higher the concentration of noni fruit given to the extract combination resulted in the smaller diameter of the inhibition zone. This occurs due to the combination of garlic and Noni fruit has an antagonistic effect that depend on bacterial species, temperature, pH, chemical structure, chemical reactions, and concentrations or doses of antimicrobial compounds. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between group P1 and group P2, group P1 with group P3 and group P2 with group P3 showing p-value> 0.005.

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Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Derived from Cow Milk of Subclinical and Clinical Cases of Mastitis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda ◽

Krzysztof Skowron ◽

Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽

Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke ◽

Jarosław Bystroń ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Cow Milk ◽

P Value ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

E Coli ◽

Bonferroni Test

Mastitis is a major economic problem in dairy herds, as it might decrease fertility, and negatively affect milk quality and milk yield. Out of over 150 bacterial species responsible for the udder inflammation, Escherichia coli is one of the most notable. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance to dipping agents and biofilm formation of 150 E. coli strains isolated from milk of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The strains came from three dairy herds located in Northern and Central Poland. The statistical analyses were performed with post-hoc Bonferroni test and chi-square test (including Yates correction). The data with a p value of <0.05 were considered significant. We found that the tested strains were mostly sensitive to antimicrobials and dipping agents. It was shown that 37.33% and 4.67% of strains were resistant and moderately resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, respectively. No extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected. The majority of strains did not possess the ability to form biofilm or formed a weak biofilm. The strong biofilm formers were found only among strains derived from cows with subclinical mastitis. The lowest bacteria number was noted for subclinical mastitis cows’ strains, after stabilization with iodine (3.77 log CFU × cm−2) and chlorhexidine (3.96 log CFU × cm−2) treatment. In the present study, no statistically significant differences in susceptibility to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm were found among the strains isolated from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. Despite this, infections in dairy herds should be monitored. Limiting the spread of bacteria and characterizing the most common etiological factors would allow proper treatment.

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Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus) in Yogurt Inhibit the Growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp. In Vitro

Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya ◽

10.21776/ub.jkb.2021.031.04.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

IDSAP Peramiarti

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Test Method ◽

P Value ◽

E Coli ◽

Significant Difference

Diarrhea is defecation with a frequency more often than usual (three times or more) a day (10 mL/kg/day) with a soft or liquid consistency, even in the form of water alone. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp., play a role in many cases, to which antibiotics are prescribed as the first-line therapy. However, since antibiotic resistance cases are often found, preventive therapies are needed, such as consuming yogurt, which is produced through a fermentation process by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This research aimed to determine the activity of lactic acid bacteria (Liactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) in yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. The research applied in vitro with the liquid dilution test method and the true experimental design research method with post-test-only and control group design. The design was used to see the inhibitory effect of yogurt LAB on the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigell sp. to compare the effect of several different yogurt concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The results of the Least Significance Different analysis showed that there was a significant difference between yogurt with a concentration of 0% and that with various concentrations in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. with a p-value of <0.05. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the various concentrations of yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the three kinds of bacteria with a p-value of > 0.05.<p class="Default" align="center"> </p>

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Effect of nanoparticles on Escherichia coli growth dynamics

10.36811/ijbm.2019.110014 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 107-113

Author(s):

Laith B Alhusseini

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact

Background: Nanoparticles (iron oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles) are another kind of critical materials that are produced for use in various research and different purposes. The bacteriology field being so critical seek to the intrinsic understanding on the effect of nanoparticles on bacterial growth and functions. Our investigation was planned to detect the impact of iron oxide (Fe3O4), titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on growth of Escherichia coli (Iraqi isolate). Methods: Fifty urine samples of patients, who are suffering Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Iraqi hospitals, were collected. Our study was included three parts: the 1st part was isolated and diagnosed the bacteria that cause the urinary tract infection, the 2nd part was sensitivity to antibiotics, and the 3rd has used the nanomaterials and study their impacts on the growth of E. col isolates. Result: The results showed that 30 E. coli isolates depending on the properties of biochemical and molecular detect. Five common types of antibiotics were examined for the treatment of infections of the urinary tract. Most E. coli were resistant to antibiotics, the ratios of ampicillin, amikacin and augmentin found to be 90%, 82% and 80% respectively. It concluded that bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem of about 50 %. So, the effect of iron oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were studied for the growth of bacteria using the agar. The effectiveness against bacteria (diameters of the inhibition zone rate) found to be 18 mm for the 1st substance and 21 mm for 2nd substance. Conclusion: Our current study indicates that there is an effect of nanoparticles at the cellular level that can be used for beneficial biological application such as antibacterial. Keywords: Escherichia coli; Inhibition zone; Antibiotics; Nanoparticles

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Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. (Antibacterial Test of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli)

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.10.1.2020.27652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Alce Magani ◽

Trina Tallei ◽

Beivy Kolondam

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Test ◽

E Coli ◽

Inhibition Of Growth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Way Anova

Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.(Antibacterial Test of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli) Alce K. Magani*, Trina E. Tallei, Beivy J. KolondamProgram Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] (Article History: Received 30-12-2019; Revised 15-01-2020; Accepted 23-01-2020) Abstrak Antibakteri merupakan zat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan dapat membunuh bakteri penyebab infeksi. Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi atau penyakit dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas bakteri patogen dengan memakai nanopartikel kitosan sebagai antibakteri yang dibuat dalam empat konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan 2%) serta penggunaan kontrol asam asetat 1%, ciprofloxacin dan air steril sebagai pembanding. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode gelasi ionik untuk pembuatan nanopartikel kitosan dan difusi agar untuk pengujian antibakteri. Data dianalisis dengan One Way Anova yang dilanjutkan dengan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil penelitian diperoleh penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,5%, dengan diameter zona hambat hari pertama sampai hari ketiga 12,31 mm, 9,98 mm, dan 20,46 mm pada S. aureus dan 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, dan 20,43 mm pada E. coli, kategori kuat, dan bersifat bakteriostatik dan penghambatan terendah pada konsentrasi 2% dengan diameter zona hambat pada S. aureus yaitu 5,56 mm, 5,50 mm, dan 5,40 mm, dan pada E. coli yaitu 5,93 mm, 9,64 mm, dan 12,58 mm, kategori sedang, dan bersifat bakteriostatik. Kata kunci: Kitosan, nanopartikel kitosan, aktivitas antibakteri. Abstract Antibacteria is a substance that can inhibit the growth of bacteria and able to kill bacteria that cause infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria that able to cause infections or diseases. This study aimed to examine the activity of pathogenic bacteria by using chitosan nanoparticles as antibacterial. The treatments were made in four concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and, for comparison, there were also acetic acid control, ciprofloxacin and sterile water. The research method used is the ionic gelation method for the manufacture of chitosan nanoparticles and agar diffusion for antibacterial testing. Data were analyzed with One Way Anova followed by LSD (Least Significant Difference) method. The results showed the highest inhibition of growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria at a concentration of 0.5%, with a diameter of inhibition zones of the first day to the third day of 12.31 mm, 9.98 mm, and 20.46 mm in S. aureus and 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, and 20,43 mm in E. coli, the strong category, and are bacteriostatic and the lowest inhibition was at 2% concentration with inhibition zone diameters in S. aureus namely 5.568 mm, 5.50 mm, and 5, 40 mm, and in E. coli, 5.93 mm, 9.63 mm and 12.58 mm, the medium category and bacteriostatic.Key words: Chitosan, nanoparticles chitosan, antibacterial activity.

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Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.10.1.2020.27978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Alce K Magani ◽

Trina E Tallei ◽

Beivy J Kolondam

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

E Coli ◽

Inhibition Of Growth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Testing Data ◽

One Way Anova

Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.(Antibacterial Test of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) Alce K. Magani*, Trina E. Tallei, Beivy J. KolondamProgram Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] (Article History: Received 30-12-2019; Revised 15-01-2020; Accepted 23-01-2020) Abstrak Antibakteri merupakan zat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan dapat membunuh bakteri penyebab infeksi. Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi atau penyakit dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas bakteri patogen dengan memakai nanopartikel kitosan sebagai antibakteri yang dibuat dalam empat konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan 2%) serta penggunaan kontrol asam asetat 1%, ciprofloxacin dan air steril sebagai pembanding. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode gelasi ionik untuk pembuatan nanopartikel kitosan dan difusi agar untuk pengujian antibakteri. Data dianalisis dengan One Way Anova yang dilanjutkan dengan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil penelitian diperoleh penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,5%, dengan diameter zona hambat hari pertama sampai hari ketiga 12,31 mm, 9,98 mm, dan 20,46 mm pada S. aureus dan 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, dan 20,43 mm pada E. coli, kategori kuat, dan bersifat bakteriostatik dan penghambatan terendah pada konsentrasi 2% dengan diameter zona hambat pada S. aureus yaitu 5,56 mm, 5,50 mm, dan 5,40 mm, dan pada E. coli yaitu 5,93 mm, 9,64 mm, dan 12,58 mm, kategori sedang, dan bersifat bakteriostatik. Kata kunci: Kitosan, nanopartikel kitosan, aktivitas antibakteri. Abstract Antibacteria is a substance that can inhibit the growth of bacteria and able to kill bacteria that cause infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria that able to cause infections or diseases. This study aimed to examine the activity of pathogenic bacteria by using chitosan nanoparticles as antibacterial. The treatments were made in four concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and, for comparison, there were also acetic acid control, ciprofloxacin and sterile water. The research method used is the ionic gelation method for the manufacture of chitosan nanoparticles and agar diffusion for antibacterial testing. Data were analyzed with One Way Anova followed by LSD (Least Significant Difference) method. The results showed the highest inhibition of growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria at a concentration of 0.5%, with a diameter of inhibition zones of the first day to the third day of 12.31 mm, 9.98 mm, and 20.46 mm in S. aureus and 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, and 20,43 mm in E. coli, the strong category, and are bacteriostatic and the lowest inhibition was at 2% concentration with inhibition zone diameters in S. aureus namely 5.568 mm, 5.50 mm, and 5, 40 mm, and in E. coli, 5.93 mm, 9.63 mm and 12.58 mm, the medium category and bacteriostatic.Key words: Chitosan, nanoparticles chitosan, antibacterial activity.

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Isolation and enumeration of bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections from houseflies and determining their susceptibility to poison bait

Nusantara Bioscience ◽

10.13057/nusbiosci/n130104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azam Haeidari ◽

DAVOOD KESHAVARZI ◽

Parviz Owlia ◽

Hassan Vatandoost ◽

ATIYEH RAFINEJAD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Health Concern ◽

P Value ◽

E Coli ◽

Hospital Environments ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Minimum Number ◽

Lethal Time ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract. Haeidari A, Keshavarzi D, Owlia P, Vatandoost H, Rafinejad A, Rafinejad J. 2020. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections from houseflies and determining their susceptibility to poison bait. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 24-28. Nosocomial infections represent a serious public health concern in developing countries. Houseflies are one of the most common household pests carrying different pathogenic organisms. The purpose of this study was to isolate and enumerate bacteria species from house flies and to determine their susceptibility to Agita® fly bait. Flies were collected from two hospital environments between July to December 2014, in Yazd Province of Iran. Bacterial species were isolated from the outer surfaces of flies, and Agita® efficacy was evaluated based on lethal time (LT50) after 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 minutes. Three species of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) responsible for nosocomial infections have been isolated and enumerated from flies. Among the 30 flies collected, 17, 24, and 3 flies were contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus, and Ps. aeruginosa, respectively. The minimum number of isolated bacteria was 3 × 102 CFU/mL, whereas the highest number was 2.4 × 105 CFU/mL. The susceptibility results showed that, despite the existence of a significant effect for heterogeneity in both field and laboratory strains (p-value ˂ 0/05) and an increase in the mortality of houseflies during the time, there was no significant difference between two strains regarding the efficacy of Agita® against houseflies. The findings of the present study revealed and confirmed that houseflies have an important role in the spread of nosocomial infections in hospital environments, and they are susceptible to Agita® fly bait.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK LAMUN (Cymodocea rotundata) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli (Antibacterial Activities of Seagrass Extracts (Cymodocea rotundata) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli)

SAINTEK PERIKANAN Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology ◽

10.14710/ijfst.13.1.1-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Septiani Septiani ◽

Eko Nurcahya Dewi ◽

Ima Wijayanti

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

E Coli ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Cymodocea Rotundata

Cymodocea rotundata merupakan salah satu jenis lamun yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Senyawa bioaktif yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri adalah fenol, flavonoid dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan lama inkubasi dan konsentrasi ekstrak lamun C. rotundata yang berbeda terhadap aktivitas antibakteri S. aureus dan E. Coli. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu experimental laboratories dengan menggunakan rancangan dasar penelitian Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pola faktorial, pola terbagi oleh faktor lama inkubasi bakteri (24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam) dan perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak lamun (5%, 10% dan 15%). Data dianalisis menggunakan SIDIK RAGAM dan dilakukan analisis lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ), apabila terdapat perbedaan pada perlakuan. Ekstrak lamun C. rotundata efektif sebagai antibakteri dengan kategori sedang yaitu zona hambat berkisar antara 5-10 mm. Konsentrasi optimum untuk menghambat S.aureus dan E.coli adalah 15% dengan lama inkubasi 48 jam dengan zona hambat yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 6, 123 mm. Dan 5, 833 mm.Cymodocea rotundata is a type of seagrass that has a potential as an antibacterial. Bioactive compounds which act as such as antibacterial phenols, flavonoids and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different concentration and time of incubation of seagrass C.rotundata as antibacterial against S. aureus and E. coli. The method used was experimental laboratories using the basic design of the study completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial pattern (2 factor). The first factor were different concentration (5%, 10% and 15% ) and second factor were time of incubations (24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and conducted a further test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD), if treatment gave significant effect. C. rotundata extracts had antibacterial activity with medium category which inhibition zone ranges from 5-10 mm. The optimum concentration for inhibiting S. aureus and e. coli were 15% with incubation time of 48 hours resulting inhibition zone 6,123 mm and 5,833 respectively.

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Effectiveness of Metabolite Substance Filtrates of Actinomycetes isolates from Kebun Raya Bogor against the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi: In Vitro study

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS ◽

10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Muhammad Zaidan Tsani Ariandi ◽

Meiskha Bahar ◽

Hany Yusmaini ◽

Fajriati Zulfa ◽

Cut Fauziah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

P Value ◽

E Coli ◽

Botanical Gardens

Actinomycetes are found in soils with loose, humus, dry characteristics and around plant roots. Actinomycetes produce secondary metabolite compounds as antibacterial. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi are Gram negative bacteria that can cause infection in humans. This study aims to determine the ability of the Actinomycetes metabolite filtrate from Bogor Botanical Gardens as an antibacterial agent against the growth of E. coli, P.aeruginosa and S. typhi in vitro. This study used an experimental design with samples of Actinomycetes isolats originating from the Bogor Botanical Gardens soil using the disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) media by looking at the clear zone of bacterial growth around the disc paper. Of the three concentration groups, namely 50%, 60%, and 70%, the largest average inhibition zone is found at a concentration of 70% with the average for the three test bacteria E. coli, P.aeruginosa and S. typhi respectively: 4.23 mm; 3.0 mm and 8.43 mm. The results of the Kruskal - Wallis test with p value = 0.01 showed that there was an effect of the Actinomycetes metabolite filtrate on the growth of the three tested bacteria as antibacterials.

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EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH SAWO, BAWANG PUTIH, DAUN ANDONG, DAN BUAH PARE TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI

JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN ◽

10.33088/jmk.v7i2.238 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 144-149

Author(s):

Susiwati Susiwati

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

E Coli ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

This research aims to determine the inhibition of sapodilla fruit, garlic, andong leaves and pare fruit toward the growth of escherichia coli bacteria. Antimicroba test used paper disc diffusion was in-vitro test. Sapodilla fruit, garlic, andong leaves and pare fruit were extracted by using maceration process. The extracts were tested on the growth of E- coli bacteria. The highest inhibition zone (6,7mm) was found in andong leaves extract. The highest inhibition zone was 8.3 mm, whereas the inhibition of pare fruit did not not provide the inhibitory zone. It can be concluded that garlic extract, sapodolla extract and decoction of andong leaves have highly inhibitory in vitro. Based on stastistical analysis, there was Significant difference betwen the effectiveness of garlic extract with a decoction of andong leaves but the effectivess of garlic extract with sapodilla extract was not meaningful. Whereas pare fruit did not give any inhibition zones. From the result of this research, the society can be encouraged to consume andong leaves or sapodilla fruit to treat diarrhea. In addition, garlic spices and pare fruit also can be used to overcome diarrhea, which is caused by the bacterium E. coli.

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A comparison of different O-antigen serogroups of Escherichia coli in semen samples of fertile and infertile men

Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.5653/cerm.2020.04161 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Nabi ◽

Mohammad Bagher Khalili ◽

Gilda Eslami ◽

Mahmood Vakili ◽

Fatemeh Anbari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

World Health ◽

Semen Parameters ◽

E Coli ◽

O Antigen ◽

Infertile Men ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Genital Tract Infections ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections

Objective: Male genital tract infections have been associated with infertility, and Escherichia coli has drawn increasing attention as an important bacterium in this context. This investigation aimed to characterize and compare the distributions of O-antigen serogroups of E. coli in the semen samples of fertile and infertile men. Methods: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 618 fertile and 1,535 infertile men. The E. coli-positive samples were evaluated in terms of concentration, morphology, viability, and motility parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines. Finally, different serogroups of E. coli were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the O-antigen variations of the bacterium.Results: The prevalence of E. coli among fertile men was significantly higher than among infertile men (p<0.001). The sperm morphology, viability, and motility in the E. coli-positive fertile group were significantly higher than in the E. coli-positive infertile group (p<0.001). E. coli O6 was the most prevalent serogroup found in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of different serogroups of E. coil between the two groups (p=0.55). Conclusion: Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.

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