scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Dialysis Fluid and Blood Samples from Hemodialysis Patients in Dialysis Centers in Baghdad, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 200901
Author(s):  
Yasamen Raad Humudat ◽  
Saadi Kadhim Al-Naseri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Local Reference ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The kidney is the first target organ of heavy metal toxicity due to its capacity to reabsorb and accumulate divalent metals. Hemodialysis therapy is used to purify the blood of individuals with impaired kidney function. Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between dialysis fluid quality and the health of hemodialysis patients. Methods. A field sampling program was conducted to collect blood samples from 320 hemodialysis patients (56% males and 44% females) in order to examine the concentrations of heavy metals that typically occur in municipal water in Baghdad (aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)), and explore associations with the same metals in dialysis fluid collected from four major dialysis centers in Baghdad hospitals for a period of one year (2018). Results. The results showed that the dialysis fluid quality was not in compliance with international standards. The dialysis fluid in 63% of the samples contained high Al concentrations, while Cu and Zn concentrations were within international standards. Lead concentrations were elevated in dialysis fluid in some hospitals as well. Discussion. The average blood levels of biologically important heavy elements were significantly varied in hemodialysis patients when compared with local reference values. Conclusions. Since both deficiency and excess elements are potentially harmful, the hypothesis that heavy element status affects the risk of adverse clinical outcomes is a worthy investigation. Participant Consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. The study was approved by the Baghdad Ethics Committee of the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy Metals in Groundwater Around Al-Buraihi Sewage Station in Taiz City, Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Qaid Alansi ◽  
Abdelhafeez M.A. Mohammed ◽  
Mahmoud M. Ali ◽  
Wadie Ahmed Mokbel Ghalib ◽  
Sajan Chimmikuttanda Ponnappa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Background. In recent years, mitigation of groundwater contamination resulting from the limited availability of freshwater for domestic use has become an important issue. The presence of heavy metals in water could have adverse effects on both plant and animal life. Objectives. The main objective of the present study was to determine possible heavy metal contamination in groundwater around Al-Buraihi sewage station in Taiz, Yemen and to understand possible sources of contamination and their relationships with groundwater. Methods. Wastewater samples were collected from a wastewater stabilization pond from Al-Buraihi sewage station and borewell water samples were collected from the vicinity. The presence of heavy metals was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Pearson correlation test was performed to understand the relationship between wastewater and groundwater samples. Results. Physical variables including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature and elements such as silver (Ag), arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), molybdenum, nickel (Ni), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) exceeded the permissible limits recommended by international standards in wastewater samples. Conclusions. Treated sewage wastewater in the study area is not suitable for irrigation as the elements/heavy metals are accumulated in soil and plants and may be accumulated in humans and animals through bio-accumulation. In addition, these heavy metals reach the water table and aquifers through percolation, thereby polluting groundwater. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ogston ◽  
C. M Ogston ◽  
N. B Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

Adult’s Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and Implementation of Standardized Formulation in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Alomi ◽  
Hussam Saad Almalki ◽  
Aisha Omar Fallatah ◽  
Awatif Faraj Alshammari ◽  
Nahedh Rashed Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
New System

The general administration of pharmaceutical care started potential pharmacy practice program. The program is part of accreditation professional’s process of national and international regulations. The adult’s parenteral nutrition was one of the critical programs. The most healthcare professionals are not familiar with the new system. The new initiatives system adult’s standardized concentration formulation of total parental nutrition as complementary to the previous one. The new formulation consisted of all parental nutrition requirements based on national and international standards. The new system can be converted as computerized physician orders. The new initiatives may implement as project management model over one year or less than that’s. The new system prevents nutrition-related problems, and medication errors, and improve clinical outcomes of the adults’ population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals SP733CHANGES IN BIOIMPEDANCE ANALYSIS MEASURES IN CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS DURING ONE YEAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii619-iii620
Author(s):  
Ruta Vaiciuniene ◽  
Irmante Stramaityte ◽  
Edita Ziginskiene ◽  
Vytautas Kuzminskis ◽  
Inga Arune Bumblyte
Keyword(s):  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis ◽  
One Year

Cost Avoidance and Clinical Benefits Derived from a Pharmacy-Managed Anemia Program

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Quercia ◽  
Ronald Abrahams ◽  
C. Michael White ◽  
John D'Avella ◽  
Mary Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cost Avoidance ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epoetin Alpha ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
One Year ◽  
Alpha Therapy

A pharmacy-managed anemia program included distribution and clinical components, with the goal of making epoetin alpha therapy for hemodialysis patients more cost-effective. The Pharmacy Department prepared epoetin alpha doses for patients in unit-dose syringes, utilizing and documenting vial overfill. Pharmacists dosed epoetin alpha and iron (oral and intravenous) per protocol for new and established patients. Baseline data were obtained in 1994, one year prior to implementation of the program, and were re-evaluated in 1995 and 1998. Cost avoidance from utilization of epoetin alpha vial overfill in 1995 and 1998 was $83,560 and $91,148 respectively. In 1995 and 1998, cost avoidance from pharmacy management of anemia was $191,159 and $203,985 respectively. The total cost avoidance from 1995 through 1998 was estimated at $1,018,638. The number of patients with hematocrits under 31% decreased from 32% in 1994 to 21% and 14% in 1995 and 1998 respectively. We conclude that a pharmacy-managed anemia program for hemodialysis patients results in significant cost savings and better achievement of target hematocrits.

The relationship between hepatic fibrosis and arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Betul Guzel ◽  
Ilyas Ozturk ◽  
Kadir Gisi ◽  
Murat Ispiroglu ◽  
Gulsum Akkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Correlation between L-Lactate Concentrations in Beef Cattle, Obtained Using a Hand-Held Lactate Analyzer and a Lactate Assay Colorimetric Kit

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Daniela M. Meléndez ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Luigi Faucitano ◽  
Derek B. Haley ◽  
Timothy D. Schwinghamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer and a traditional lactate assay colorimetric kit. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (Black or Red Angus × Hereford/Simmental and Black or Red Angus × Charolais; 247 ± 38.2 kg BW) prior to loading (LO1) and after 36 h of transport, and prior to reloading and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in the colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the strength of the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The magnitude and direction of the correlation, and the level of statistical significance varied over the observed time points, ranging from r = −0.03 (p = 0.75; LO1) to r = 0.75 (p < 0.0001; d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Based on the low magnitude of the correlation due to variability across sampling time points in this study, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay (considered the gold standard) for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle.

scholarly journals PSVII-3 Correlations between L-lactate concentrations obtained using a handheld lactate analyser and a lactate assay colorimetric kit in beef cattle transported by road

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
Daniela M Meléndez ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Luigi Faucitano ◽  
Derek B Haley ◽  
Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Blood metabolites are used to assess a variety of animal conditions for veterinary diagnosis and research. Concentration of metabolites in blood can be measured using a commercially-available lab-based assay or in real-time using a handheld device developed to be more time- and cost-effective than the lab-based method. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer (Lactate Scout, EFK Diagnostics, Barleben, Germany) and a lactate assay colorimetric kit (Lactate Assay Kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (245 ± 35.7 kg BW) prior to (L1) and after 36 h, and prior to and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The strengths and levels of statistical significance of the correlation varied over the observed time points, r = -0.03, P = 0.75 (L1) to r = 0.75, P = &lt; 0.0001 (d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, P &lt; 0.001). Based on the experimental results, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle, due to variability across sampling time points and weak correlation with the traditional enzymatic method.

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