scholarly journals Feeding strategies alter gene expression of the calpain system and meat quality in the longissimus muscle of Braford steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-762
Author(s):  
María Sumampa Coria ◽  
Pablo Sebastián Reineri ◽  
Dario Pighin ◽  
Maria Guadalupe Barrionuevo ◽  
Pedro Gabriel Carranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Calpain System ◽  
Feeding Systems

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of supplementing pasture-finished steers with corn silage on the expression level of the calpain system proteins and beef tenderization.Methods: Thirty Braford steers grazing on summer pasture were used for the study. For 120 days fifteen animals were supplemented with corn silage at 1% of body weight per head per day (Suppl) whereas the remaining 15 steers only received pasture (Contr). Carcass and meat traits were evaluated and compared between groups. Gene expression and activities of proteases (calpain 1 and calpain 2) and inhibitor (calpastatin) were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and casein zymography.Results: Carcass and meat traits were significantly different between feeding systems. Supplemented steers showed higher hot carcass weight (p<0.01), fat content (p = 0.02), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the control group showed higher protease:inhibitor ratios, at mRNA (p = 0.01) and protein levels (p<0.10). Warner-Bratzler shear force and mRNA calpains:calpastatin ratio were associated in both feeding systems (p<0.01).Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in the study, beef tenderness differences among finishing strategies could be modulated through differential expression of the calpain system proteins.

scholarly journals Treatment with PPARαAgonist Clofibrate Inhibits the Transcription and Activation of SREBPs and Reduces Triglyceride and Cholesterol Levels in Liver of Broiler Chickens

PPAR Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Shenghua Zhou ◽  
Mingjun Shangguan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms

PPARαagonist clofibrate reduces cholesterol and fatty acid concentrations in rodent liver by an inhibition of SREBP-dependent gene expression. In present study we investigated the regulation mechanisms of the triglyceride- and cholesterol-lowering effect of the PPARαagonist clofibrate in broiler chickens. We observed that PPARαagonist clofibrate decreases the mRNA and protein levels of LXRαand the mRNA and both precursor and nuclear protein levels of SREBP1 and SREBP2 as well as the mRNA levels of the SREBP1 (FASNandGPAM) and SREBP2 (HMGCRandLDLR) target genes in the liver of treated broiler chickens compared to control group, whereas the mRNA level ofINSIG2, which inhibits SREBP activation, was increased in the liver of treated broiler chickens compared to control group. Taken together, the effects of PPARαagonist clofibrate on lipid metabolism in liver of broiler chickens involve inhibiting transcription and activation of SREBPs and SREBP-dependent lipogenic and cholesterologenic gene expression, thereby resulting in a reduction of the triglyceride and cholesterol levels in liver of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals The effect of 10 weeks endurance training on protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in cardiac myocytes of female

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Naiemeh Yazdan Shenas ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Maryam Delfan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cardiac Atrophy

Background: Cardiac atrophy is the most important complications resulted by cancer Given the role of exercise in protecting against cancer complications, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of endurance training on protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in cardiac myocyte of female Balb/C mic with breast cancer. Methods: The present study was an experimental study. Twelve female BALB/c mice after inducing breast cancer were randomly divided into two groups (n=6) including endurance training group (E) and the control group (C). E group performed 65 min at a constant running speed corresponding to 60% vVo2max at 15% inclination, ten weeks (five days a week). The Left ventricular of animals was extracted 24h following the last training session. Protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 were determined by, respectively, western blot and qReal-time PCR. Statistic data values also were measured by independent samples t-test at the 0.05 levels of significance. Results: The results of the present study showed a significant decreased in cardiac protein levels of NF-kB (p<0.001) and cardiac gene expression of Atrogin-1 (p<0.001) and MuRF-1 (p=0.003) in comparison with control group. Endurance training group had significantly greater heart weights compared to control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: it seems that 10 weeks of endurance training possibly affect mechanisms involved in cancer-induced cardiac atrophy such as NF-kB/Atrogin-1/MuRF-1 axis results in decreasing cardiac atrophy in mice with breast cancer.

Polydatin improves the developmental competence of bovine embryos in vitro via induction of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Sung Woo Kim ◽  
Kyung-Lim Lee ◽  
Seok-Hwan Song ◽  
Ayman Mesalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Development In Vitro

The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of polydatin (PD), the glycoside form of resveratrol, on embryo development in vitro. Oocytes were aspirated from ovaries of Korean Hanwoo cows and cultured until Day 8 in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 38.5°C. Protein and gene expression levels were determined through confocal microscopy and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction respectively, whereas the number of total and apoptotic cells in Day 8 blastocysts was determined using Hoechst 33342 staining and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP–digoxigenin nick end-labelling. Of the different concentrations of PD (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µM) added to the IVM medium, only 1.0 µM PD significantly improved blastocyst development. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that protein levels of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) increased significantly (P < 0.05) after PD treatment, whereas levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, as evidenced by reductions in 8-oxoguanine immunoreactivity. Similarly, protein levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2  were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the PD-treated group than in the control group. Treatment with 1.0 µM PD reduced gene expression of BCL2-associated X protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX2 and Nfkb, but increased the expression of Sirt1, supporting the immunofluorescence data. PD possesses antioxidant activity and is useful for embryo development in vitro. We conclude that supplementation of IVM medium with PD improves embryo developmental competence via Sirt1.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bcl-2 Family Gene Expression and Caspase-3 Activity in Hippocampus STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Jafari Anarkooli ◽  
Mojtaba Sankian ◽  
Shahriar Ahmadpour ◽  
Abdol-ReZa Varasteh ◽  
Hossein Haghir
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Hippocampal Region ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Family Gene

We assessed the expression of Bcl-2 family members at both mRNA and protein levels as well as the Caspase-3 activity, in order to investigate the occurrence of apoptosis in hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. We selected twenty-four Wistar rats; half of them were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of a single 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin (STZ, IP), while the others received normal saline and served as controls. The expressions of Bcl-2,Bcl-xL, and Bax mRNA and proteins were measured using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Caspases-3 activity was determined by using the Caspase-3/CPP32 Fluorometric Assay Kit. The result showed that mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2 andBcl-xLwere lower in hippocampus of diabetic group than that of the control group, whereas expressions of Bax in hippocampus of diabetic rats were higher than that of controls at both mRNA and protein levels (P<.01). Hyperglycemia was found to raise 6.9-fold hippocampal caspase-3 activity in diabetic group compared with control group (P<.001). Therefore, the induction of diabetes is associated with increased ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-xL, and increased caspase-3 activity in hippocampus which shows that apoptosis is favored in hippocampal region.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Protective effect of green tea extract against cadmium-induced testicular damage in rats in respect of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and androgen production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Basma El-Desoky ◽  
Shaimaa El-Sayed ◽  
El-Said El-Said
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Tea Extract

Objective: Investigating the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on the testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride CdCl2 in male rats. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: 40 male Wistar rats. Procedures: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: A) control group (each rat daily received pellet diet); B) GTE group each rat daily received pellet diet as well as 3 ml of 1.5 % w/v GTE, C) CdCl2 group each rat was I/P injected a single dose of 1 mg/kg CdCl2, then daily received pellet diet, and D) CdCl2+GTE group each rat was I/P injected a single dose of 1 mg/kg CdCl2 then daily received pellet diet as well as 3 ml of 1.5 % w/v GTE. After 30 days, blood samples were collected for hormonal assays (testosterone, FSH, and LH). In addition, both testes were collected; one of them was used for quantification of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III (17β-HSDIII) gene expression using a real-time PCR. The other testis was used for determination of catalase and reduced glutathione; GSH, Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: CdCl2 decreased serum testosterone levels and its synthesis pathway (17β-HSDIII testicular gene expression). While antioxidants catalase and GSH were reduced, oxidants MDA were enriched in the testes of CdCl2-poisoned rats. This CdCl2-promoted testicular dysfunction was corrected via the administration of GTE to male rats. Conclusion and clinical relevance: GTE could be used as a remedy for protecting against CdCl2-induced testicular damage in male rats.

Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cat Gene ◽  
Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Dopamine adjusts the circadian gene expression of Per2 and Per3 in human dermal fibroblasts from ADHD patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Faltraco ◽  
Denise Palm ◽  
Adriana Uzoni ◽  
Lena Borchert ◽  
Frederick Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Circadian Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Circadian Preference

AbstractA link between dopamine levels, circadian gene expression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has already been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of these relationships by measuring circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after dopamine exposure. We analyzed circadian preference, behavioral circadian and sleep parameters as well as the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls and participants with ADHD. Circadian preference was evaluated with German Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (D-MEQ) and rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via actigraphy. After ex vivo exposure to different dopamine concentrations in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression (Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1) was analyzed via qRT-PCR. We found no statistical significant effect in the actigraphy of both groups (healthy controls, ADHD group) for mid-sleep on weekend days, mid-sleep on weekdays, social jetlag, wake after sleep onset, and total number of wake bouts. D-MEQ scores indicated that healthy controls had no evening preference, whereas subjects with ADHD displayed both definitive and moderate evening preferences. Dopamine has no effect on Per3 expression in healthy controls, but produces a significant difference in the ADHD group at ZT24 and ZT28. In the ADHD group, incubation with dopamine, either 1 µM or 10 µM, resulted in an adjustment of Per3 expression to control levels. A similar effect also was found in the expression of Per2. Statistical significant differences in the expression of Per2 (ZT4) in the control group compared to the ADHD group were found, following incubation with dopamine. The present study illustrates that dopamine impacts on circadian function. The results lead to the suggestion that dopamine may improve the sleep quality as well as ADHD symptoms by adjustment of the circadian gene expression, especially for Per2 and Per3.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence for a Relationship between Elevated Plasma TNFα and Smaller Subcortical White Matter Volume in HCV Infection Irrespective of HIV or AUD Comorbidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4953
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Zahr ◽  
Kilian M. Pohl ◽  
Allison J. Kwong ◽  
Edith V. Sullivan ◽  
Adolf Pfefferbaum
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Patient Groups

Classical inflammation in response to bacterial, parasitic, or viral infections such as HIV includes local recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Proposed biomarkers of organ integrity in Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) include elevations in peripheral plasma levels of proinflammatory proteins. In testing this proposal, previous work included a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals as positive controls and identified elevations in the soluble proteins TNFα and IP10; these cytokines were only elevated in AUD individuals seropositive for hepatitis C infection (HCV). The current observational, cross-sectional study evaluated whether higher levels of these proinflammatory cytokines would be associated with compromised brain integrity. Soluble protein levels were quantified in 86 healthy controls, 132 individuals with AUD, 54 individuals seropositive for HIV, and 49 individuals with AUD and HIV. Among the patient groups, HCV was present in 24 of the individuals with AUD, 13 individuals with HIV, and 20 of the individuals in the comorbid AUD and HIV group. Soluble protein levels were correlated to regional brain volumes as quantified with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition to higher levels of TNFα and IP10 in the 2 HIV groups and the HCV-seropositive AUD group, this study identified lower levels of IL1β in the 3 patient groups relative to the control group. Only TNFα, however, showed a relationship with brain integrity: in HCV or HIV infection, higher peripheral levels of TNFα correlated with smaller subcortical white matter volume. These preliminary results highlight the privileged status of TNFα on brain integrity in the context of infection.

scholarly journals Lateral rectus muscle differentiation potential in paralytic esotropia patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xia ◽  
Xiangtian Ling ◽  
Zhonghao Wang ◽  
Tao Shen ◽  
Minghao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Rectus Muscle ◽  
Lateral Rectus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Lateral Rectus Muscle

Abstract Purpose and background Recently, we found that maximal medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in patients with complete lateral rectus paralysis resulted in a partial restoration of abduction. In an attempt to understand some of the mechanisms involved with this effect we examined gene expression profiles of lateral recti from these patients, with our focus being directed to genes related to myogenesis. Materials and methods Lateral recti resected from patients with complete lateral rectus paralysis and those from concomitant esotropia (controls) were collected. Differences in gene expression profiles between these two groups were examined using microarray analysis and quantitative Reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 3056 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between these two groups. Within the paralytic esotropia group, 2081 genes were up-regulated and 975 down-regulated. The results of RT-PCR revealed that PAX7, MYOG, PITX1, SIX1 and SIX4 showed higher levels of expression, while that of MYOD a lower level of expression within the paralytic esotropia group as compared with that in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The decreased expression of MYOD in the paralytic esotropia group suggested that extraocular muscle satellite cell (EOMSCs) differentiation processes were inhibited. Whereas the high expression levels of PAX7, SIX1/4 and MYOG, suggested that the EOMSCs were showing an effective potential for differentiation. The stimulation resulting from muscle surgery may induce EOMSCs to differentiate and thus restore abduction function.

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