scholarly journals Effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota, tight junctions, and inflammation in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1797-1808
Author(s):  
Chi Huan Chang ◽  
Po Yun Teng ◽  
Tzu Tai Lee ◽  
Bi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Mucin 2 ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Junction Proteins

Objective: This study assessed the effects of probiotics on cecal microbiota, gene expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, and immune response in the cecal tonsil of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.Methods: One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were randomly allocated to four treatments: negative control (Cont), multi-strain probiotic-treated group (Pro), Salmonella-infected group (Sal), and multi-strain probiotic-treated and Salmonella-infected group (ProSal). All chickens except those in the Cont and Pro groups were gavaged with 1×10<sup>8</sup> cfu/mL of S. enterica subsp. enterica 4 days after hatching.Results: Our results indicated that body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of birds were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by Salmonella challenge. Chickens challenged with Salmonella decreased cecal microbial diversity. Chickens in the Sal group exhibited abundant Proteobacteria than those in the Cont, Pro, and ProSal groups. Salmonella infection downregulated gene expression of Occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO1), and Mucin 2 in the jejunum and Occludin and Claudin in the ileum. Moreover, the Sal group increased gene expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor (LITAF) and reduced levels of transforming growth factor-β4 and IL-10 compared with the other groups (p<0.05). However, chickens receiving probiotic diets increased Lactobacillaceae abundance and reduced Enterobacteriaceae abundance in the ceca. Moreover, supplementation with probiotics increased the mRNA expression of Occludin, ZO1, and Mucin 2 in the ileum (p<0.05). In addition, probiotic supplementation downregulated the mRNA levels of IFN-γ (p<0.05) and LITAF (p = 0.075) and upregulated IL-10 (p = 0.084) expression in the cecal tonsil.Conclusion: The administration of multi-strain probiotics modulated intestinal microbiota, gene expression of tight junction proteins, and immunomodulatory activity in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Impacts of increasing challenge with Eimeria maxima on the growth performance and gene expression of biomarkers associated with intestinal integrity and nutrient transporters

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yun Teng ◽  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Yuguo Tompkins ◽  
Hyun Lillehoj ◽  
Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Eimeria Maxima ◽  
Junction Proteins

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the impacts of graded severity of Eimeria maxima infection on the growth performance and intestine health of broiler chickens. Four different levels of E. maxima-challenged treatments were used, including a non-challenged control group, a low challenge (12 500 oocysts), a medium challenge (25 000 oocysts), and a high challenge dose (50 000 oocysts). There were eight replicate cages per treatment, with 12 birds in each cage, and chickens in the challenged groups orally received sporulated oocysts on day 14. Gastrointestinal permeability was measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran at 5 days post-infection (dpi), whereas intestinal morphology and gene expression of nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins were determined at 6 dpi. The results demonstrate a linear reduction in growth performance, jejunal villus height, and jejunal integrity with graded challenge doses of E. maxima (P < 0.01). Moreover, linear regulation of nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins was a consequence of increasing Eimeria infection levels (P < 0.01). The linear increase of Claudin 1, cationic amino acid transporter, glucose transporter 1, and L-type amino acid transporter genes was associated with increased severity of coccidiosis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, expression of nutrient transporters located at the brush border membrane were down-regulated (P < 0.01) with increasing E. maxima inoculation dose. In conclusion, growth performance and key intestinal integrity biomarkers in broiler chickens were adversely influenced in a dose-dependent manner by E. maxima infection.

Evidence that gene expression of ovarian follicular tight junction proteins is regulated in vivo and in vitro in cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
L. F. Schütz ◽  
C. L. Robinson ◽  
M. L. Totty ◽  
L. J. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Junction Proteins

Differential gene expression of tight-junction proteins and their correlation with PRSS8 and prognosis in colorectal cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15548-e15548
Author(s):  
Wancai Yang ◽  
Yongchen Guo ◽  
Jim Lu ◽  
Yonghua Bao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Junction Proteins

e15548 Background: Intestinal epithelia cells are made up of tight junctions, adheren junctions and desmosomes. As integral membrane proteins, the tight junction proteins (TJPs) claudins (CLDNs) and occludin (OCLN) are the most important TJPs that play a major role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelia and regulate several key signaling pathways in cancers. Dysregulation of tight junction and adheren junction has been shown to be associated with disruption of mucosa barriers, chronic colitis, early onset of colorectal carcinogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis. Our recent studies have shown that intestinal conditional knockout of the Press8 (protease serine 8) gene causes disruption of intestinal epithelial homeostasis, spontaneous inflammation and tumorigenesis in mouse intestine. Whether these pathogeneses are resulted from TJPs alterations and their correlation with PRSS8 are largely unknown. Methods: PRSS8 overexpression plasmid was transfected into colon cancer cell line HCT116 cells and proteomics was conducted. The Cancer Genome Atlas colorectal cancer (CRC) data set was deeply mined, and the correlation between TJPs’ alterations, PRSS8 and prognosis was analyzed. Results: In vitro proteomics assay showed that increasing expression of PRSS8 led to differential expression of cellular TJPs and adheren proteins, including upregulation of E-cadherin, TJP1 (ZO-1) and OCLN, and downregulation of RAC1, CDC42, RHOA, CLDND1, ARHGAP1, CTNNB1 and CTNNBL1. TCGA data mining showed differential gene expression of tight junction proteins. For instance, similar as PRSS8, most colonic mucosal TJPs, such as TJP1 (ZO-1), TJP3, OLCN, CLDN7, CLDN8 and PTPRJ, were significantly decreased in CRC tissues (n = 215), compared to normal mucosa (n = 22). Moreover, these reduced expression of TJPs were positively correlated with the reduction of PRSS8 and were inversely associated with prognosis. In contrast, another group of TJPs, such as TJP2, CLDN1, CLDN2 and CLDN12, was significantly increased in CRC tissues in comparison with the normal mucosa. These increases of expression were negatively correlated with PRSS8 expression and poor outcomes. More interestingly, the PTPRJ, a newly identified tumor suppressor, was dramatically reduced in metastatic CRC, compared to the primary CRC. Furthermore, the reduced expression of PTPRJ was linked to poor prognosis in the CRC patients. The underlying mechanisms of regulatory interaction between PRSS8 and TJPs are under investigation. Conclusions: TJPs are differentially expressed in CRC and the alterations were well correlated with PRSS8 and prognosis. Therefore, these two opposite groups of TJPs could be used as biomarkers for the monitoring of early onset colorectal carcinogenesis, progression and for the prediction of prognosis.

scholarly journals Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract on Growth, Gene Expression of Gut Integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa H. Sewid ◽  
Ahmed H. Arisha ◽  
Amir H. abd El-fattah ◽  
Adel M. Abdelaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Real Time Qpcr ◽  
Junction Proteins

Phytogenic feed additives have been gaining considerable interest due to their ability to improve gut health and thereby performance of broiler chickens. The impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) extract (GE) on expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins and gut protection and Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers has not been discussed until now. Thus, the current study assessed the effective dose of GE for maximum growth in broiler chickens, clear-cut molecular mechanisms related to integrity and health of intestine, and controlling C. jejuni colonization. Over a 35-day feeding period, a total of 500 Ross broiler chicks were allocated to five groups; the first group was fed a control diet without GE and the second group to the fifth group were fed a control diet with GE (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg of diet); each group comprised 100 chicks with 10 replicates (10 birds/replicate). Birds fed GE had an improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, the highest body weight gain was observed in the group that received 1 g/kg of GE (P &lt; 0.05). The expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins [occludin and junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)] was upregulated in all groups supplemented with GE. Moreover, birds fed 1 g/kg of GE exhibited the maximum gene expression of occludin and JAM [0.2 and 0.3 fold change, respectively (P &lt; 0.05)]. In relation to enterocyte protective genes [glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2) and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-6)], use of GE significantly upregulated expression of GLP-2 gene with 0.8 fold change in 2 g/kg of the GE supplemented group (P &lt; 0.05) while the expression of FABP-6 gene was not affected by GE supplementation (P &gt; 0.05). After challenge with C. jejuni, the expression of mucin (MUC-2) gene was upregulated and the inflammatory markers such as Toll-like receptors (TLR-4) and interleukin (IL-1β) were downregulated with increasing level of supplemented GE (P &lt; 0.05). The mean log10 count of C. jejuni in cecal samples after 7 days post-infection by culture and real-time qPCR was decreased in groups fed GE in a dose-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the highest reduction of C. jejuni count in cecal samples by culture and real-time qPCR was observed in the group fed 2 g/kg of GE (2.58 and 2.28 log10 CFU/g, respectively). Results from this study suggested that G. glabra extract (1 g/kg) improved growth performance of broiler chickens, as well as influenced the maintenance of intestinal integrity and reduced C. jejuni shedding from infected birds.

Secreted bioactive factors fromBifidobacterium infantisenhance epithelial cell barrier function

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (5) ◽  
pp. G1025-G1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia B. Ewaschuk ◽  
Hugo Diaz ◽  
Liisa Meddings ◽  
Brendan Diederichs ◽  
Andrea Dmytrash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Junction Proteins

Live probiotic bacteria are effective in reducing gut permeability and inflammation. We have previously shown that probiotics release peptide bioactive factors that modulate epithelial resistance in vitro. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of factors released from Bifidobacteria infantis on intestinal epithelial cell permeability and tight junction proteins and to assess whether these factors retain their bioactivity when administered to IL-10-deficient mice. B. infantis conditioned medium (BiCM) was applied to T84 human epithelial cells in the presence and absence of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Transepithelial resistance (TER), tight junction proteins [claudins 1, 2, 3, and 4, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and occludin] and MAP kinase activity (p38 and ERK) were examined. Acute effects of BiCM on intestinal permeability were assessed in colons from IL-10-deficient mice in Ussing chambers. A separate group of IL-1-deficient mice was treated with BiCM for 4 wk and then assessed for intestinal histological injury, cytokine levels, epithelial permeability, and immune response to bacterial antigens. In T84 cells, BiCM increased TER, decreased claudin-2, and increased ZO-1 and occludin expression. This was associated with enhanced levels of phospho-ERK and decreased levels of phospho-p38. BiCM prevented TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced drops in TER and rearrangement of tight junction proteins. Inhibition of ERK prevented the BiCM-induced increase in TER and attenuated the protection from TNF-α and IFN-γ. Oral BiCM administration acutely reduced colonic permeability in mice whereas long-term BiCM treatment in IL-10-deficient mice attenuated inflammation, normalized colonic permeability, and decreased colonic and splenic IFN-γ secretion. In conclusion, peptide bioactive factors from B. infantis retain their biological activity in vivo and are effective in normalizing gut permeability and improving disease in an animal model of colitis. The effects of BiCM are mediated in part by changes in MAP kinases and tight junction proteins.

Direct effects of fermented cow’s milk product with Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 on human enterocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Paparo ◽  
R. Aitoro ◽  
R. Nocerino ◽  
C. Fierro ◽  
C. Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Mucin 2 ◽  
Junction Proteins

Cow’s milk fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 (FM-CBAL74) exerts a preventive effect against infectious diseases in children. We evaluated if this effect is at least in part related to a direct modulation of non-immune and immune defence mechanisms in human enterocytes. Human enterocytes (Caco-2) were stimulated for 48 h with FM-CBAL74 at different concentrations. Cell growth was assessed by colorimetric assay; cell differentiation (assessed by lactase expression), tight junction proteins (zonula occludens1 and occludin), mucin 2, and toll-like receptor (TRL) pathways were analysed by real-time PCR; innate immunity peptide synthesis, beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) and cathelicidin (LL-37) were evaluated by ELISA. Mucus layer thickness was analysed by histochemistry. FMCBA L74 stimulated cell growth and differentiation, tight junction proteins and mucin 2 expression, and mucus layer thickness in a dose-dependent fashion. A significant stimulation of HBD-2 and LL-37 synthesis, associated with a modulation of TLR pathway, was also observed. FM-CBAL74 regulates non-immune and immune defence mechanisms through a direct interaction with the enterocytes. These effects could be involved in the preventive action against infectious diseases demonstrated by this fermented product in children.

Evidence that gene expression of ovarian follicular tight junction proteins is regulated in vivo and in vitro in cattle1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1313-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
L. F. Schütz ◽  
C. L. Robinson ◽  
M. L. Totty ◽  
L. J. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Junction Proteins
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