Comparative Analysis of Some Essential Amino Acids and Available Lysine in Acacia colei and A. tumida Seeds Using Chemical Methods and an Amino Acid Analyzer

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumuyiwa S Falade ◽  
Steve R A Adewusi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Available Lysine

Abstract Methionine, cysteine, tryptophan, and available lysine were determined in Acacia colei and A. tumida seeds and some cereals using chemical methods, and the results were compared to those obtained using an amino acid analyzer. Ba(OH)2 hydrolysis gave the best result of the three methods of hydrolysis (acid, base, and enzyme) tried. Oxidized methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan were not detected, but S-carboxyethylcysteine was estimated as cysteine by the chemical methods, thus overestimating cysteine's content in Acacia seeds. Tryptophan and methionine were higher in cereals than in Acacia seeds, while the level of cysteine and available lysine was higher in Acacia seeds than in cereals. These results agreed with values obtained using the amino acid analyzer and could therefore be used in low budget laboratories.

scholarly journals Available lysine and digestible amino acid contents of proteinaceous foods of India

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S2) ◽  
pp. S59-S68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane M. Rutherfurd ◽  
Kiran Bains ◽  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Prepared Food

Cereals and legumes are staple foods in India and are limiting in lysine and sulphur amino acids, respectively. Available lysine loss, due to Maillard-type reactions that may occur during food preparation, exacerbates the problem of lysine deficiency particularly in cereals. Consequently, determining the contents of digestible essential amino acids, particularly lysine, is important. True ileal digestibilities of most amino acids (including total and reactive lysine) were determined for ten food ingredients and eleven foods commonly consumed in India. Semi-synthetic diets each containing either an ingredient or the prepared food as the sole protein source were formulated to contain 100 g kg− 1protein (75 g kg− 1for rice-based diets) and fed to growing rats. Titanium dioxide was included as an indigestible marker. Digesta were collected and the amino acid content (including reactive lysine) of diets and ileal digesta determined. Available (digestible reactive) lysine content ranged from 1·9–15·4 g kg− 1and 1·8–12·7 g kg− 1across the ingredients and prepared foods respectively. True ileal amino acid digestibility varied widely both across ingredients and prepared foods for each amino acid (on average 60–92 %) and across amino acids within each ingredient and prepared food (overall digestibility 31–96 %). Amino acid digestibility was low for many of the ingredients and prepared foods and consequently digestibility must be considered when assessing the protein quality of poorer quality foods. Given commonly encountered daily energy intakes for members of the Indian population, it is estimated that lysine is limiting for adults in many Indian diets.

Comparative Amino Acid Compositions of Curculigo pilosa Root and Citrullus colocynthis Fruit Bark

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
P. M. Aja ◽  
D. C. Obasi ◽  
N. A. Obasi ◽  
E. U. Ekpono ◽  
J. N. Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The study evaluated comparative amino acids compositions of Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruit bark. The amino acids compositions were determined using amino acid analyzer. The results of amino acid compositions showed that eighteen amino acids were detected in both samples. Ten of the detected amino acids were essential amino acids and eight were non-essential. Glumatic acid had the highest concentration of 11.20 and 11.98 g/100g protein in Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits respectively. Leucine was the second highest concentrated amino acid in Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits with the values of 8.17 and 7.24 g/100g protein respectively. Histidine was the third highest amino acid in Curculigo pilosa roots while Citrullus colocynthis fruits had very low histidine level. The fourth highest amino was arginine in both samples. The percentage coefficient of variance (CV %) of the amino acid values were generally low with the exception of histidine with CV % value of 88.98 while rest of CV % values ranged from 0-26.92 showing the closeness of the amino acid values in the two samples to each other. Total amino acids (TAA) for Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits were 78.92 and 72.47 g/100g protein while the total essential amino acids (TEAAs) of Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits are 41.21 and 34.04 g/100g protein respectively. Percentage cysteine in (total sulphur amino acids) TSAA were 22.52 and 30.32 g/100g protein for Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits respectively. The results of this study indicate that Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits are rich in essential amino acid while their % Cysteine/TSAA values were relatively low.

Comparative Analysis of Free Amino Acids in Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Penaeus vannamei and Macrobrachium nipponensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1528-1533
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Zhang ◽  
Shun Sheng Chen ◽  
Wei Qiang Qiu ◽  
Shou Kun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer

The contents of free amino acids(FAAs) in Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Penaeus vannamei and Macrobrachium nipponensis was analyzed by using the automatic amino acid analyzer in this study. The results show that the sequence from the highest to the lowest in total amount of FAAs is Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Penaeus vannamei and Macrobrachium nipponensis. SPSS(19.0) results indicate that except for Cys, Lys and Thr, FAAs in these three shrimps are significant different (p<0.05), and all of them have a high concentration of Arg, Gly and Pro and a low concentration of Asp and Cys. The content of Gly in shrimp is higher than that of crab and oyster. Both Arg and Gly significantly contribute to the taste of the three shrimps, Glu and Pro play an important role in the flavor of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii and Penaeus vannamei, while not as significant as in the taste of Macrobrachium nipponensis. Composition modes of FAAs which make major contributions to flavor in marine shrimps, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii and Penaeus vannamei, are similar, but different from freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponensis.

Comparative Amino Acid Compositions of Uvaria chamae Stem Bark and Poly Herbal Mixture

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
P. M. Aja ◽  
E. U. Ekpono ◽  
N. A. Obasi ◽  
D. C. Obasi ◽  
J. Nwaeke
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acid ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer

The study evaluated comparative amino acids compositions of Uvaria chamae stem bark and Ruzu bitters. The amino acids compositions were determined using amino acid analyzer. The result of amino acid composition showed that eighteen amino acids were detected in both samples. Ten of the detected amino acids were essential amino acids and eight were non-essential. Glumatic acid had the highest concentration of 10.90 and 5.15 g/100g protein in Uvaria chamae stem bark and Ruzu bitters followed by aspartic acid with values of 8.40 and 3.44 g/100 g protein in Uvaria chamae stem bark and Ruzu bitters respectively. Leucine was the next amino acid in Uvaria chamae stem bark and Ruzu bitters followed by arginine. Uvaria chamae stem bark had the highest level of total amino acids of 72.66 g/100 g protein and Ruzu bitters had 32.17 g/100 g protein. For the EAA, it was 34.41 g/100 g for Uvaria chamae >17.44 g/100 g for Ruzu bitter. The highest essential amino acid (EAA) was leucine (6.13 and 3.56 g/100 g) in Uvaria chamae stem bark and Ruzu bitters. The total sulphur amino acid was generally low at 1.01-1.78 g/100 g but the % Cysteine in total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) was slightly high at 47.05% for Ruzu bitters but lower in Uvaria chamae stem bark (27.44%). The percentage coefficient variance (CV %) of the amino acid values were generally high with the exception of isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, methionine, leucine, cysteine and alanine with respective CV % values of 27.32, 31.97, 33.68, 37.50, 37.53, 38.81 and 39.05 while rest of CV % values ranged from 50.69-94.53 showing the gap of the amino acid values in the two samples to each other. The results of this study indicate that Uvaria chamae stem bark is richer in essential amino acid while % Cys/TSAA value is higher in Ruzu bitters.

Research Regarding Content in Amino-acids and Biological Value of Proteins from Polyodon spathula Sturgeon Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069
Author(s):  
Cristina Simeanu ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Anca Popa ◽  
Alexandru Usturoi ◽  
Dan Bodescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Polyodon Spathula ◽  
The One ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Polyodon spathula sturgeon breed is successfully reared in Romania in many fishery farms for meat production and it is capitalized on domestic market as consumption fish. In the current paper were studied a number of 1400 sturgeons from Polyodon spathula breed (1200 individuals of one summer - P.s.0+ and 200 individuals of fourth summers - P.s.3+). From this flock were weighted around 10%, for each age group, and for laboratory determinations were chosen 10 fishes for each age with the corporal mass close to the group mean. After analysing the fillets gathered from the studied fishes for establishing the chemical characteristics, nutritive and biological values of proteins were drawn some interesting conclusions. So, regarding chemical composition we notice that in the meat of analysed fishes water is in a rate of 75.41% at P.s.3+ and 78.37% for P.s.0+; proteins - between 18.08% for P.s.0+ and 19.89% for P.s.3+, values which place those fishes in the group of protein fishes; lipids - between 2.45% and 3.45%, values which situated those sturgeons in category of fishes with a low content in lipids; collagen � 3.83% at P.s.0+ and 4.14% at P.s.3+ which indicate low values for proteins of weak quality in the meat of those sturgeons. Study of nutritive value for the analysed fishes indicate the fact that fishes P.s.0+ have a mediocre nutritive value, having the ratio w/p of 4.33 while sturgeons P.s.3+ were placed in the 2nd category � fishes with a good nutritive value (rate w/p = 3.79). Energetic value of the studied fillets was 97.39 kcal/100 g for P.s.0+ and 114.31 kcal/100 g for P.s.3+, which enlightened an increase of nutritive value with aging, fact especially due to accumulation of adipose tissue. Study of proteins quality, through the presence of those 8 essential amino-acids in the meat of analysed fishes, show the fact that at sturgeons P.s.0+ proportion of essential amino-acids was 20.88% from total amino-acids, while at sturgeons P.s.3+ was 26.23%, fact which enlightened an increasing of proteins� biological value with fish aging. This fact was also shown by calculation of proteins� biological value through chemical methods (EAA index); calculated value for sturgeons P.s.0+ was a little bit lower (118.73) than the one calculated for sturgeons P.s.3+ (118.79).

Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Lata Birlangi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

scholarly journals Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

scholarly journals Determination of Methylated Basic Amino Acids with the Amino Acid Analyzer

1973 ◽  
Vol 248 (7) ◽  
pp. 2387-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys E. Deibler ◽  
Russell E. Martenson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer

scholarly journals Further evidence that mechanisms of host/symbiont integration are dissimilar in the maternal versus embryonic Acyrthosiphon pisum bacteriome

EvoDevo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste R. Banfill ◽  
Alex C. C. Wilson ◽  
Hsiao-ling Lu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
Asexual Embryogenesis

Abstract Background Host/symbiont integration is a signature of evolutionarily ancient, obligate endosymbioses. However, little is known about the cellular and developmental mechanisms of host/symbiont integration at the molecular level. Many insects possess obligate bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients. To advance understanding of the developmental and metabolic integration of hosts and endosymbionts, we track the localization of a non-essential amino acid transporter, ApNEAAT1, across asexual embryogenesis in the aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Previous work in adult bacteriomes revealed that ApNEAAT1 functions to exchange non-essential amino acids at the A. pisum/Buchnera aphidicola symbiotic interface. Driven by amino acid concentration gradients, ApNEAAT1 moves proline, serine, and alanine from A. pisum to Buchnera and cysteine from Buchnera to A. pisum. Here, we test the hypothesis that ApNEAAT1 is localized to the symbiotic interface during asexual embryogenesis. Results During A. pisum asexual embryogenesis, ApNEAAT1 does not localize to the symbiotic interface. We observed ApNEAAT1 localization to the maternal follicular epithelium, the germline, and, in late-stage embryos, to anterior neural structures and insect immune cells (hemocytes). We predict that ApNEAAT1 provisions non-essential amino acids to developing oocytes and embryos, as well as to the brain and related neural structures. Additionally, ApNEAAT1 may perform roles related to host immunity. Conclusions Our work provides further evidence that the embryonic and adult bacteriomes of asexual A. pisum are not equivalent. Future research is needed to elucidate the developmental time point at which the bacteriome reaches maturity.

The screening and preliminary construction of quality mutant population for cultivar “Nipponbare” in japonica rice (Oryza sativa)

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Zhang ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Guan Li ◽  
Chun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Mutant Population ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids

AbstractProgenies of Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare induced with 0.4% ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) were screened for quality mutants and the preliminary quality mutant population was constructed in present experiment. A total of 2210 materials were first screened using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) from which 208 quality mutants were obtained for a second screening and then yielded 73 quality mutants including amylase content (AC), gel consistency (GC), gelatinization temperature (GT), protein content (PC), rapid viscosity analysis (RVA) parameters and amino acid contents. The screening yielded 11 PC mutants with a mutation frequency of 4.98‰, followed by 7 rice floury viscosity mutants (3.17‰), 5 AC mutants (2.26‰), 4 chalky mutants, GT and GC mutants (1.81‰), and 2 ASV mutants (0.9‰). The relative contents of 17 kinds of amino acid mutations, including 7 kinds for essential amino acids and 10 kinds for nonessential amino acids were identified. With the variation of 10% as the screening standard, mutants were obtained for lysine and leucine at 0.45‰ and for valine at 4.98‰, but no mutants were found for isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine. For nonessential amino acids, mutants of glutamic (0.45‰), arginine (3.62‰), alanine (3.17‰), serine (0.45‰), glycine (0.45‰), tyrosine (1.81‰), proline (2.71‰), and histidine (0.45‰) were obtained, but none was found for aspartic, phenylalanine nor threonine. At 100% as the screening standard for methionine and cysteines, the mutation frequency of these two amino acid mutants were 0.9‰ and 4.98‰ respectively. Quality mutants in this preliminary library of rice could play important role in gene function and breeding of rice quality.

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