An exploration of the concept and operationalization of resilience in medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Lisa M.C. Van Hoogstraten ◽  
Sanne M.W. Gijzel ◽  
René Melis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
General Concept ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Static Characteristics ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Over Time

Rationale: Resilience is a relatively new concept in medicine and, more specifically, it is new in geriatrics. It suits the new definition of health as introduced by Machteld Huber. However, resilience still needs a suitable, operationalizable definition for the field of geriatrics, given that it is still an emerging theme in medicine.Resilience in different disciplines: Investigation of the concept of resilience in mechanics, ecology, psychology and sociology shows that resilience is mostly considered as a dynamic, multidimensional and scalable concept. As such it may also apply to the field of medicine and potentially also to the field of geriatrics. However, the idea of resilience is still evolving. Therefore, time is needed to develop a common understanding of the concept. When this understanding is enhanced, operationalization is of great importance. Current operationalization in these disciplines varies from questionnaires to establish (static) characteristics defining a state that is prognostic for the resilience to be shown when perturbated to stress-tests, to mathematical indicators which evaluate the dynamic response or behavior of the system to (standardized) perturbations.Discussion: All measurements for operationalization are indicators of resilience and do therefore not directly measure resilience (if this is indeed possible). In addition, there is not only one concept of resilience. Resilience can be considered objectively as a systems characteristic, or subjectively, for example by gestalt. These different approaches cause a gap between the concepts and different operationalizations, which makes it difficult to operationalize the (general) concept of resilience.Implications and recommendations: Over time, resilience can potentially be measured by the use of new measurements, longitudinal data and wearables. For implementation in the clinic, validation of the measures is key. In addition, qualitative research on how the elderly experience, or would describe, resilience is recommended, in order to gain a better understanding about the concept. Then, there can be thought of intervening in resilience, especially in patients who face transition to another state of health.

Personality disorders in the elderly

2012 ◽  
pp. 1561-1564
Author(s):  
Suzanne Holroyd
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

The study of personality disorder (PD) in late life presents conceptual, diagnostic, and methodological difficulties. By definition, PD is considered a group of personality traits that relatively persistent through adulthood. However, the concept of PD persisting throughout the lifespan contradicts widespread clinical belief that they become less severe with ageing. There are difficulties in studying PD in the elderly. One is the instability of the definition of PD over time, making it difficult to relate earlier studies to those using current definitions of PD. In addition, diagnostic criteria are subject to criticism when applied to the elderly, in that they may be ‘age-biased’. Finally, the methodology used to diagnose PD has been highly variable and difficult to interpret between studies. This chapter covers clinical features, diagnosis, epidemiology and aetiology, course and prognosis, and treatment and management.

scholarly journals Re-imagining the "subject: "conceptual and ethical considerations on the participant in qualitative research

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will C. van den Hoonaard
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of

The conventional biomedical concept of the "human subject" is out of step with World Health Organization's (WHO) holistic definition of health. The "human subject" in international and national research-ethics policies is a highly individualistic, autonomous person, in contrast to WHO's holistic definition of the healthy person. Qualitative research, this paper suggests, offers a way out of this conundrum. We need to reconceptualize the human "subject" in line with WHO's holistic definition of health. The paper offers concepts of "research participants" derived from qualitative research as an essential way to reconceptualize the human "subject." Moreover, field work, or ethnographic research, as undertaken by qualitative researchers presents a useful way of gaining a fuller understanding of issues of health in a given population.

scholarly journals Hermeneutics and Phenomenology Problems When Applying Hermeneutic Phenomenological Method in Educational Qualitative Research

Paideusis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Leena Kakkori
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenological ◽  
Hermeneutical Phenomenology ◽  
Van Manen ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Specific Definition

Hermeneutic phenomenology is a research method used in qualitative research in the fields of education and other human sciences, for example nursing science. It is a widely used method example in Scandinavia, and Van Manen is well known for his hermeneutic phenomenological method. In many studies the hermeneutic phenomenological method is inarticulate or ambiguous. Researchers generally lack a common understanding of what this method actually is. One reason for that is that the expression “hermeneutic phenomenological method” is contradiction in terms. Hermeneutics and phenomenology have their own distinct history. Hermeneutics and phenomenology as philosophical disciplines have their own distinct aims and orientations. Hermeneutic is orientated to historical and relative meanings. Phenomenology in Husserlian sense is orientated to universal and absolute essences. Martin Heidegger connects hermeneutics and phenomenology in very sophisticated manner as hermeneutical phenomenology and he provides a very specific definition of his brand of phenomenology. For Heidegger, hermeneutical phenomenology is the research of the meaning of the Being as a fundamental ontology. However, this kind of phenomenology is of no use for educational qualitative research.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF THE TERM "CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE"

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Inga Uriadnikova ◽  
◽  
Vasyl Zaplatynskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Understanding

Purpose: scientific substantiation of the concept of “critical infrastructure” based on research of definitions of “infrastructure” and “critical” and comparison of definitions that are widely used in different countries. Methodology: analysis of the content of the concept of “critical infrastructure”, based on the content of the basic terms “infrastructure” and “critical”, analysis of the concept of “critical infrastructure” in laws and regulations of different countries and logical-determinative assessment of these concepts. Results: the general concept of “critical infrastructure” is substantiated – physical and virtual systems, objects and resources – the destruction, destruction or reduction of capacity of which will lead to significant threats to the country (region or city), its national security, life and health. A common understanding of this concept is important in the context of growing and diversifying threats and increasing the complexity of technical, information and social systems, when there is a growing need to protect the basic, ie critical parts of these systems, without which they can not function. Based on the analysis of existing concepts used in regulations and legislation of different countries, as well as scientific approaches of different authors, the main logical characteristics of this concept are identified, and based on the synthesis formed a generalized concept of “critical infrastructure”, which can be the basis for formulating derivatives such as social critical infrastructure, critical engineering infrastructure, etc. Scientific novelty: On the basis of numerical modeling the regularities of stress distribution in rocks under detached rock packs of different shapes have been investigated, which allowed substantiating the parameters of the last and compensatory voids between them to ensure the stability of workings in the soft soil rocks. Scientific novelty: on the basis of comparative analysis the characteristic features of the concept of “critical infrastructure” are singled out, a variable number of definitions of “critical” and “infrastructure” is analyzed, and a general definition of this concept is proposed, which provides a common understanding and can be used. Practical significance: the formulated definition of the concept of “critical infrastructure” will allow the unification of this concept in the scientific field, legislation and regulations. It will allow to formulate derivatives of this concept, in particular, transport, military, social, engineering infrastructure on uniform methodological approaches.

Pedagang Kaki Lima, Profil Entrepreneurship Sejati, Pelaku Ekonomi Kerakyatan, Ciptakan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Mandiri

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Agus Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article is motivated by the fact that the existence of the Street Vendor (PKL) profession is a manifestation of the difficulty of work and the lack of jobs. The scarcity of employment due to the consideration of the number of jobs with unbalanced workforce, economically this has an impact on the number of street vendors (PKL) exploding ... The purpose of being a street vendor is, as a livelihood, making a living, looking for a bite of rice for family, because of the lack of employment, this caused the number of traders to increase. The scarcity of jobs, causes informal sector migration job seekers to create an independent spirit, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, with capital, managed by traders who are true populist economic actors. The problems in street vendors are: (1) how to organize, regulate, empower street vendors in the cities (2) how to foster, educate street vendors, and (3) how to help, find capital for street vendors (4) ) how to describe grief as a Five-Foot Trader. This paper aims to find a solution to the problem of street vendors, so that cases of conflict, cases of disputes, clashes of street vendors with Satpol PP can be avoided. For this reason, the following solutions must be sought: (1) understanding the causes of the explosions of street vendors (2) understanding the problems of street vendors. (3) what is the solution to solving street vendors in big cities. (4) describe Street Vendors as actors of the people's economy. This article is qualitative research, the social paradigm is the definition of social, the method of retrieving observational data, in-depth interviews, documentation. Data analysis uses Interactive Miles and Huberman theory, with stages, Collection Data, Display Data, Data Reduction and Vervying or conclusions.

The Distinction between [P] and [S]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen Strawson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the difference between John Locke's definition of a person [P], considered as a kind of thing, and his definition of a subject of experience of a certain sophisticated sort [S]. It first discusses the equation [P] = [S], where [S] is assumed to be a continuing thing that is able to survive radical change of substantial realization, as well as Locke's position about consciousness in relation to [P]'s identity or existence over time as [S]. It argues that Locke is not guilty of circularity because he is not proposing consciousness as the determinant of [S]'s identity over time, but only of [S]'s moral and legal responsibility over time. Finally, it suggests that the terms “Person” and “Personal identity” pull apart, in Locke's scheme of things, but in a perfectly coherent way.

When Culturally Significant Songs are Decontextualised: The Initiation Song Somagwaza, A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dowling ◽  
Somikazi Deyi ◽  
Anele Gobodwana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Ritual Music ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Small Focus ◽  
Over Time

While there have been a number of studies on the decontextualisation and secularisation of traditional ritual music in America, Taiwan and other parts of the globe, very little has been written on the processes and transformations that South Africa’s indigenous ceremonial songs go through over time. This study was prompted by the authors’ interest in, and engagement with the Xhosa initiation song Somagwaza, which has been re-imagined as a popular song, but has also purportedly found its way into other religious spaces. In this article, we attempted to investigate the extent to which the song Somagwaza is still associated with the Xhosa initiation ritual and to analyse evidence of it being decontextualised and secularised in contemporary South Africa. Our methodology included an examination of the various academic treatments of the song, an analysis of the lyrics of a popular song, bearing the same name, holding small focus group discussions, and distributing questionnaires to speakers of isiXhosa on the topic of the song. The data gathered were analysed using the constant comparative method of analysing qualitative research.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUDICIAL DEFINITION OF MATERIALITY

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
LuAnn Bean ◽  
Deborah W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Court Cases ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

Determining what should be considered a material item has been a problem for both the accounting profession and the courts. By reviewing the court cases involving the issue of materiality, the authors have determined where differences in the materiality standard as applied by the courts exist. The judicial definition of materiality has developed over time, and current trends with important variations are observed. Based upon the authors' analysis, the following judicial definition of materiality, with its possible variations, is suggested: Would the reasonable (or speculative) investor (or layman) consider important (or be influenced by) this information in determining his course of action?

Education of Mothers in Childcare

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Zuzana Vařejková
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Information Resource ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Qualitative Empirical Research ◽  
Definition Of

This paper deals with the education of mothers in the care of the child and is a project of qualitative empirical research. First, it presents a theoretical definition of the topic – parenting, child care and parental learning. Subsequently, it describes the methodology and results of qualitative research which dealt with the issue of parental education of mothers in child care, specifically their access to information resource.

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