scholarly journals Os recursos “não convencionais” na gestão da água: ensinamentos da experiência espanhola / “Unconventional” resources in water management: teachings from the Spanish experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (53) ◽  
pp. 274-300
Author(s):  
Antônio Pereira Magalhães Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Unconventional Resources ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

O quadro mediterrâneo vigente na maior parte da Espanha traz importantes desafios associados à irregularidade pluviométrica e às frequentes estiagens. Os “desequilíbrios” entre a “Espanha seca”, mediterrânea, e a “Espanha úmida”, atlântica, foram usados como argumentos para justificar o forte e tradicional viés das políticas hidráulicas de obras para o aumento da oferta de água. Porém, a partir da Diretiva Quadro da Água, aprovada no ano 2000, o país se vê confrontado com os desafios de “modernização” e implementação de um quadro de gestão com perspectiva mais ecológica e menos estruturalista. Neste sentido, a valorização dos recursos hídricos “não convencionais”vem sendo uma das estratégias mais fomentadas para o atendimento das demandas, particularmente a dessalinização e a utilização de efluentes tratados. Este artigo apresenta as características, os avanços, desafios e críticas à experiência espanhola de utilização de recursos hídricos “não convencionais”, incluindo seus referenciais históricos, institucionais e legais. Apesar do imporante desenvolvimento nas décadas recentes, estes recursos não ficam isentos de críticas. As principais envolvem os custos da água dessalinizada e a falta de incentivo às iniciativas de uso de efluentes tratados e reuso de águas domésticas. Mesmo com um contexto histórico e geográfico particular, o cenário espanhol pode fornecer referenciais para refexão úteis à sociedade brasileira.Palavras-chave: Experiência espanhola de gestão da água, Recursos hídricos não convencionais, Dessalinização.AbstractThe Mediterranean conditions present in most part of Spain establish major challenges associated with rainfall irregularity and frequent droughts. The "imbalances" between "dry Spain", Mediterranean, and "wet Spain", Atlantic, were adopted as argument to justify the strong and traditional bias of the hydraulic policies for the water supply increase. However, since the Water Framework Directive, adopted in 2000, the country faces the challenges of "modernizing" and implementing a management framework with a greener and less structuralist perspective. In this sense, the valorization of “unconventional” water resources has been one of the most promoted strategies in the country for meeting the demands, particularly the desalination and the treated effluents use. This paper presents the characteristics, challenges, advances and critics to the Spanish experience of "unconventional" water resources use, including historical, institutional and legal references. Despite the important development in recent decades, these resources are not without criticism. The main ones involve the costs of desalinated water and the lack of public incentive to treated effluent use and domestic water reuse. Even with a specific historical and geographical context, the Spanish scenario may provide useful references to the Brazilian society.Keywords: Spanish water management experience, Unconventional water resources, Desalination. 

scholarly journals Smart Water Management Framework Berbasis IoT Untuk Mendukung Pertanian Urban

Petir ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yan Mitha Djaksana
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Framework Model ◽  
Large Populations

Related to water resources is one of the problems that often occurs in certain areas that have large populations such as urban areas, in addition to having to provide water that is used for daily activities, today many urban residents live in urban hardships, so an alternative is needed in providing resources water that must be purchased in daily necessities, in this paper we proposed a framework for support urban farming that we called the smart water management system by utilizing the IoT (Internet of Thinks) technology specifically sensors and machine learning algorithms in managing available water resources. many researchers have developed a similar model, but the framework model that we proposed using reuse water and filtered rainwater so that it meets the minimum quality requirements of water that can be reused in agriculture, so we hopes to make domestic water use more effective and efficient and predictable water consumption and availability.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Tzanakakis ◽  
A. N. Angelakis ◽  
N. V. Paranychianakis ◽  
Y. G. Dialynas ◽  
G. Tchobanoglous
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Critical Issues

Crete, located in the South Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by long coastal areas, varied terrain relief and geology, and great spatial and inter-annual variations in precipitation. Under average meteorological conditions, the island is water-sufficient (969 mm precipitation; theoretical water potential 3284 hm3; and total water use 610 hm3). Agriculture is by far the greatest user of water (78% of total water use), followed by domestic use (21%). Despite the high average water availability, water scarcity events commonly occur, particularly in the eastern-south part of the island, driven by local climatic conditions and seasonal or geographical mismatches between water availability and demand. Other critical issues in water management include the over-exploitation of groundwater, accounting for 93% of the water used in agriculture; low water use efficiencies in the farms; limited use of non-conventional water sources (effluent reuse); lack of modern frameworks of control and monitoring; and inadequate cooperation among stakeholders. These deficiencies impact adversely water use efficiency, deteriorate quality of water resources, increase competition for water and water pricing, and impair agriculture and environment. Moreover, the water-limited areas may display low adaptation potential to climate variability and face increased risks for the human-managed and natural ecosystems. The development of appropriate water governance frameworks that promote the development of integrated water management plans and allow concurrently flexibility to account for local differentiations in social-economic favors is urgently needed to achieve efficient water management and to improve the adaptation to the changing climatic conditions. Specific corrective actions may include use of alternative water sources (e.g., treated effluent and brackish water), implementation of efficient water use practices, re-formation of pricing policy, efficient control and monitoring, and investment in research and innovation to support the above actions. It is necessary to strengthen the links across stakeholders (e.g., farmers, enterprises, corporations, institutes, universities, agencies, and public authorities), along with an effective and updated governance framework to address the critical issues in water management, facilitate knowledge transfer, and promote the efficient use of non-conventional water resources.

Role of water reuse for enhancing integrated water management in Europe and Mediterranean countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lazarova ◽  
B. Levine ◽  
J. Sack ◽  
G. Cirelli ◽  
P. Jeffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Alternative Water

Recycling water is an important aspect of water resource and environment management policies, ensuring reliable alternative water resources, reducing environmental pollution and achieving a more sustainable form of development. This paper focuses on wastewater reuse as a strategy for integrated water management. Key economic, financial, regulatory, social and technical factors that help to make water reuse projects successful are reviewed. Selected examples from Northern and Western Europe and arid and semi-arid Mediterranean regions illustrate the contribution of wastewater reuse to integrated management of water resources.

scholarly journals A state-of-the-art-review on grey water management: a survey from 2000 to 2020s

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2786-2797
Author(s):  
Hosam Elhegazy ◽  
Mohamed M. M. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Quality Water

Abstract Water reuse can contribute to reducing pressures on water resources, as an important approach and practice, reducing the demand for potable water for purposes not requiring high quality water. With water resources being depleted and the demand for water increased, grey water reuse becomes more popular in order to preserve water worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive review of all significant research and reviews existing case studies to review the present knowledge with respect to the characteristics of grey water. The main summary table covers 63 works that focus on the application of these methods to different fields of sustainable building design. Key fields are reviewed in detail: grey water, including water reuse; grey water recycling; water sustainability; building design optimization; and wastewater of several areas simultaneously, with particular focus on buildings. This research aims to introduce the review of the research that covered the grey water management. Various engineering databases, international journals, and conference proceedings were searched. International journals were searched for relevant research papers. This paper provides perspectives on grey water context in order to frame the breadth and multiple dimensions it encompasses, to summarize recent activities on selected relevant topics, and to highlight possible future directions in research and implementations.

scholarly journals Decision support water management a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01212
Author(s):  
S. VenkatCharyulu ◽  
G.K. Viswanadh
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Effective Water

Decision support water. Management (DSWM) is an approach to water development and water management, for the best water management framework. In the field of water management for watter storage, and preservation of land is very important criteria which is linked with various communities involvement, economical issues and environmental issues. DSWM. water resources needed extensive advance technology with reliable activity. For this purpose in this paper it need to analyse the various volume, quality and quantity parameters and other enhance model usage are adopted to maintain the effective water resource management.. Parameters collect the management tools for efficient management of water resources under varied local situations. In This paper discussed some of the analytical management techniques and development decision support water management system as a framework for decision makers to have reliable decisions for water management practises. This paper includes overall DSWM functions and their highlights to achieve the effective water management.

The Politics of International Freshwater Resources

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bernauer ◽  
Anna Kalbhenn
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Freshwater Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Water

Freshwater is one of the most valuable natural resources on Earth. However, many of the more easily accessible freshwater resources at local and regional levels have suffered from overexploitation due to increasing population density, economic activity, and unsustainable water management practices. Sustainable management of domestic water resources is a challenging task mainly due to water allocation, pollution, and other problems on international rivers. Social science research has contributed in a variety of ways to identifying sources of international conflict and cooperation, water management options, and institutional solutions for achieving sustainable international water management. The scholarly literature has tackled a wide range of crucial questions arising from the politics of international freshwater resources, such as: whether there is sufficient evidence for the “water wars” claim—that is, whether water-related factors influence the probability of armed conflict; the determinants of international river basin cooperation, in terms of policy output and policy outcome or impact; how we can determine whether international water management efforts are successful in terms of solving problems that motivate cooperation; and the extent to which the literature offer insights into institutional design options that are effective in terms of problem solving. These studies have produced a considerable amount of policy-relevant analytical concepts and empirical findings. For example, fairness (equity) is one of the key concerns of all governments when they engage in international water cooperation, and integrated water resources management may look nice on paper but does usually not produce the desired results.

scholarly journals Integrated Water Resources Management in the Maltese Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Sapiano
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Freshwater Resources ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Maltese Islands ◽  
Management Measures

The Maltese islands present a case of extreme natural freshwater resources unavailability where available resources are not sufficient to sustainably meet the national water demand. This due to the islands’ semi-arid climatic conditions and small land-mass which preclude the formation of surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes. In fact, the island’s fragile groundwater bodies are the only naturally renewable freshwater systems available for the development of water supply resources. Furthermore, the islands high population density results in a high specific demand for water to address the requirements of the population, their economic activities and water dependent ecosystems. In order to address these challenging conditions Malta has developed an integrated water management framework based on the conjunctive use of water supply augmentation and water demand management measures. Under this framework, Malta promotes the application of Non Conventional Water Resources such as the desalination of sea-water and the reclamation of wastewaters to supplement natural freshwater resources. The application of Non Conventional Water Resources enables national water demands to be met, whilst ensuring the sustainable use of natural freshwater resources. Water Demand Management measures ensure that water use is kept at highly efficient levels, thereby reducing the need for the production of water from these additional alternative resources. The development of this water management framework is outlined in Malta’s 2nd River Basin Management Plan. It therefore supports the achievement of the EU’s Water Framework Directive’s environmental objectives in the Malta River Basin District. Its integrated context also supports Malta’s adaptation efforts to climate change, whose impacts are expected to further exacerbate the water challenges facing the island. Malta’s water management experience highlights the importance of the development and implementation of integrated water management frameworks. The effective protection of natural freshwater resources such as the islands’ groundwater resources cannot be ensured if these are addressed in isolation but can only be achieved through the application of such integrated frameworks which addresses the sustainability and security of water supply on a national basis.

Textile wastewater in Tlemcen (Western Algeria): Impact, treatment by combined process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

Algerian water resources are scarce, and unequally distributed. The region is facing severe water shortage problems due to climate conditions, uneven precipitations, and the long periods of drought. Moreover, the demand for water from the urban population, industry, and especially agriculture is rapidly increasing. Water management represents an economic and ecological challenge to cope with this demand, conserve the water resources and reduce the environmental pollution. The present paper reviews the textile wastewater treatment and feasibility of reuse. The treatment was performed using a combined process; adsorption on bentonite (B) followed by electroflotation (EF). The effects of B concentration, pH, contact time and current density, were investigated under optimal conditions for maximal dye elimination. Water reuse activity, the potentials, risks and issued associated with reclaimed water reuse are also reviewed. The results were well fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and show that the effluent treated by this combined method contained essentially no turbidity, color or COD 99, 01%, 99, 49% and 99, 8% are the removal rates obtained, respectively. The treated effluent quality satisfied the requirement of water discharges standards and integration of other factors is needed to reuse this water.

Water auditing: the case for statutory requirements

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-601
Author(s):  
J. Schlafrig ◽  
J. Sturman ◽  
G. Ho ◽  
K. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Structural Water ◽  
Systematic Process

Drought across swathes of Australia, highlights our need for water conservation in addition to seeking new sources of water (demand and supply-side resource options). Water conservation or efficiency improvement is currently a non-systematic process along the lines of ‘if we do such and such then we will save so much water’. Such an approach is ad-hoc and only has the appearance of being ‘quantitative’. We would class it as qualitative, or maybe advanced qualitative water conservation. True quantitative or structured water auditing of non-domestic water consumption is an iterative, systematic and documented process of obtaining reliable use data, validated by a closure approach. Opportunities are identified for water use reduction, water reuse, recycling and for water resource substitution. Financial assessment of savings in cost against cost of measures will provide a payback period. A water management strategy or Water Management Plan (WMP) as it is known in Victoria, Australia, is devised which is consistent with legal requirements, the enterprise's environmental policy and its movement towards sustainable development. Regulators have legislated for mandatory WMPs and audits in Victoria, but this is the only state so far to do this. Mandatory water auditing should be an uncontested choice as it can only provide a win:win situation regulation to the private sector. We argue that only the systematic process provided by structural water auditing constitutes quantitative water conservation. Further, statutory obligation for water users to engage in the water auditing process will give the broad, systematic quantitative information, and based upon which optimal water management strategies or WMPs can be devised. This will ensure a rational approach to our future water needs and the needs of our environment. It is anticipated that voluntary auditing in the arenas not mandated will increase in the long term if this is done.

New advanced designed systems to ensure safeguard of the territory and preservation of water resources for irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Cinalberto Bertozzi ◽  
Fabio Paglione
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Innovative Techniques ◽  
River Po ◽  
Crop Irrigation

The Burana Land-Reclamation Board is an interregional water board operating in three regions and five provinces. The Burana Land-Reclamation Board operates over a land area of about 250,000 hectares between the Rivers Secchia, Panaro and Samoggia, which forms the drainage basin of the River Panaroand part of the Burana-Po di Volano, from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines to the River Po. Its main tasks are the conservation and safeguarding of the territory, with particular attention to water resources and how they are used, ensuring rainwater drainage from urban centres, avoiding flooding but ensuringwater supply for crop irrigation in the summer to combat drought. Since the last century the Burana Land-Reclamation Board has been using innovative techniques in the planning of water management schemes designed to achieve the above aims, improving the management of water resources while keeping a constant eye on protection of the environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document