scholarly journals Importance of Fatty Acids in Physiopathology of Human Body

Fatty Acids ◽  
10.5772/67407 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Nagy ◽  
Ioana-Daria Tiuca
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Body

scholarly journals Prebiotics and Community Composition Influence Gas Production of the Human Gut Microbiota

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Yu ◽  
Thomas Gurry ◽  
Le Thanh Tu Nguyen ◽  
Hunter S. Richardson ◽  
Eric J. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

ABSTRACT Prebiotics confer benefits to human health, often by promoting the growth of gut bacteria that produce metabolites valuable to the human body, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). While prebiotic selection has strongly focused on maximizing the production of SCFAs, less attention has been paid to gases, a by-product of SCFA production that also has physiological effects on the human body. Here, we investigate how the content and volume of gas production by human gut microbiota are affected by the chemical composition of the prebiotic and the community composition of the microbiota. We first constructed a linear system model based on mass and electron balance and compared the theoretical product ranges of two prebiotics, inulin and pectin. Modeling shows that pectin is more restricted in product space, with less potential for H2 but more potential for CO2 production. An ex vivo experimental system showed pectin degradation produced significantly less H2 than inulin, but CO2 production fell outside the theoretical product range, suggesting fermentation of fecal debris. Microbial community composition also impacted results: methane production was dependent on the presence of Methanobacteria, while interindividual differences in H2 production during inulin degradation were driven by a Lachnospiraceae taxon. Overall, these results suggest that both the chemistry of the prebiotic and the composition of the microbiota are relevant to gas production. Metabolic processes that are relatively prevalent in the microbiome, such as H2 production, will depend more on substrate, while rare metabolisms such as methanogenesis depend more strongly on microbiome composition. IMPORTANCE Prebiotic fermentation in the gut often leads to the coproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gases. While excess gas production can be a potential problem for those with functional gut disorders, gas production is rarely considered during prebiotic design. In this study, we combined the use of theoretical models and an ex vivo experimental platform to illustrate that both the chemical composition of the prebiotic and the community composition of the human gut microbiota can affect the volume and content of gas production during prebiotic fermentation. Specifically, more prevalent metabolic processes such as hydrogen production were strongly affected by the oxidation state of the probiotic, while rare metabolisms such as methane production were less affected by the chemical nature of the substrate and entirely dependent on the presence of Methanobacteria in the microbiota.

scholarly journals ANTICOID PRODUCTS FROM AQUATIC BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Elena Kharenko ◽  
Anna Sopina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

The formation of collective immunity, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is directly related to the state of health of each member of the community, therefore, taking care of the health of citizens becomes one of the priority tasks of any state. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D, essentially being a hormone D, strengthens the innate immunity associated with the exchange of zinc in the human body, which, in turn, affects the replication of viruses and accel-erates their excretion. Omega-3 fatty acids have a wide spectrum of biological activity, includ-ing in the treatment of inflammatory processes of various etiologies.

scholarly journals Overconsumption of Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) versus Deficiency of Omega-3 PUFAs in Modern-Day Diets: The Disturbing Factor for Their “Balanced Antagonistic Metabolic Functions” in the Human Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abeba Haile Mariamenatu ◽  
Emebet Mohammed Abdu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contain ≥2 double-bond desaturations within the acyl chain. Omega-3 (n-3) and Omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs are the two known important families in human health and nutrition. In both Omega families, many forms of PUFAs exist: α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the n-3 family and linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from the n-6 family are the important PUFAs for human health. Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs are competitively metabolized by the same set of desaturation, elongation, and oxygenase enzymes. The lipid mediators produced from their oxidative metabolism perform opposing (antagonistic) functions in the human body. Except for DGLA, n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators enhance inflammation, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction, while those of n-3 inhibit inflammation and platelet aggregation and enhance vasodilation. Overconsumption of n-6 PUFAs with low intake of n-3 PUFAs is highly associated with the pathogenesis of many modern diet-related chronic diseases. The volume of n-6 PUFAs is largely exceeding the volume of n-3PUFAs. The current n-6/n-3 ratio is 20-50/1. Due to higher ratios of n-6/n-3 in modern diets, larger quantities of LA- and AA-derived lipid mediators are produced, becoming the main causes of the formation of thrombus and atheroma, the allergic and inflammatory disorders, and the proliferation of cells, as well as the hyperactive endocannabinoid system. Therefore, in order to reduce all of these risks which are due to overconsumption of n-6 PUFAs, individuals are required to take both PUFAs in the highly recommended n-6/n-3 ratio which is 4-5/1.

scholarly journals YOGURT; A NOVEL EXCIPIENT (WITH ITS LYSED BACTERIA, AMINO ACIDS, VITAMINS, FATTY ACIDS, AND MINERALS) FOR “TOPICAL DERMATOLOGICAL PRODUCTS” AND FOR “SKIN MICROBIOTA”

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
M. ORHAN VAIZOGLU
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Skin Microbiota

In recent years various Microbiomes (Skin, Gut Lumen) of the human body have attracted the attention of different research groups. In the meantime it has been shown that the conventional therapy of different diseases by making use of antibiotics and similar antibacterial treatments may disturb the harmony of the Skin Microbiome, resulting in dysbiosis. There are efforts of using “live” or “tyndallized (lysed)” probiotics in order to treat different diseases of the skin. It is also known that amino acids are one of the important key elements of the skin. In this paper, a hypothesis for the utilization of yogurt as an excipient for various topical dermatological products will be proposed. Yogurt contains significant amounts of; Probiotics (starter cultures), Amino Acids, Vitamins, Minerals and various Fatty Acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated). Besides, it has been shown that Antimicrobial Peptides (Bacteriocins) are also present in yogurt. Yogurt could eventually be used as an excipient for the production of various topical dermatological products in order to deliver some of the above-mentioned constituents to the Stratum Corneum (Skin) locally.

STUDY OF IWASHI SARDINE LIPIDS IN THE SCOPE OF POPULATION NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Elena Chupikova ◽  
Konstantin Pavel ◽  
Svetlana Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The article analyzes the fatty acid composition of the frozen iwashi lipids of different shelf lives. It is established that the total amount of essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 in iwashi’s fat reaches almost 90% of all polyunsaturated fatty acids and remains practically unchanged for 12 months of fish cold storage. It is shown that products from iwashi contain a significant amount of essential fatty acids, indispensable for the human body, which can be used to optimize the population nutrition and satisfy the physiological needs in eicosopentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids.

Fatty acids and small organic compounds bind to mineralo-organic nanoparticles derived from human body fluids as revealed by metabolomic analysis

Nanoscale ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 5537-5545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Martel ◽  
Cheng-Yeu Wu ◽  
Cheng-Yu Hung ◽  
Tsui-Yin Wong ◽  
Ann-Joy Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Organic Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Optimization of fatty-acid composition of fish masses from aquaculture objects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasilievna Zolotokopova ◽  
Elena Georgievna Gritsienko ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Zolotokopov ◽  
Ekaterina Yuryevna Lebedeva ◽  
Olga Sergazieva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Minced Fish ◽  
Sea Fish

The article analyzes the optimal ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in food, which plays a significant role in serving the physiological needs of the human body. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6 groups) is considered the most significant for the human body. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids are not synthesized in the human body, but are sufficiently found in fish, especially in sea fish leading an active lifestyle. The fatty acid composition of various aquaculture objects, freshwater and sea fish species is analyzed. There has been carried out modeling of minced fish recipes based on the biomedical requirements and the functional and technological properties of the raw materials used. To optimize the fatty acid composition of minced fish in accordance with the physiological needs of humans, it has been proposed to mix different types of fish meat: sea and river fish, aquaculture objects. Pacific herring, Caspian sprat, cod (sea fish species), pike perch, pike, crucian carp (river fish species), silver carp, clari catfish, and Nile tilapia (aquaculture objects) were used as raw materials in developing recipes for the combined minced fish. Fatty acid composition of the finished product was optimized by mathematical modeling of the recipe mixture of minced meat of various fish species and based on the analysis of the ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat of the studied fish species. Two recipes, which include Pacific herring, cod, crucian carp, and Nile tilapia (recipe No. 5), as well as Pacific herring, cod, pike, and clari catfish (recipe No. 6), most fully meet the specified requirements.

scholarly journals Breath acetone as a potential marker of metabolic flexibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Anastasia M. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
Anatoly I. Ginak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Breath Acetone ◽  
Metabolic Inflexibility

A brief analysis of the metabolic flexibility and its role in human body was made. Metabolic flexibility is the ability to respond or adapt to conditional changes in metabolic demand. This broad concept has been propagated to explain insulin resistance and mechanisms governing fuel selection between glucose and fatty acids, highlighting the metabolic inflexibility of obesity and diabetes. Monitoring is relevant because disrupted metabolic flexibility, or metabolic inflexibility, however, is associated with many pathological conditions and may underlie the epidemic changes in metabolic disease. The number of the blood ketones increases when the human body tries to adapt metabolism and aptly utilize moderate amounts fatty acids in case the glucose is shortage. Acetone is formed by the non-enzymatic decarboxylation of acetoacetic acid. Acetone cannot be used by the tissues. It appears in urine, sweat and exhaled air. The correlation between breath acetone and lipid oxidation was studied to ensure that the level buildup is associated with increased lipid oxidation. Breath acetone concentration is well understood to be a non-invasive measure of ketosis and more accurately reflects the rate of lipid oxidation than urine or sweat acetone concentrations. Due to the thin capillary wall, ventilation and gaseous metabolism contributes rapid transmission of short-term and minimum acetone concentration changes in tissues or blood-stream, that up regulates correlation of metabolic disorders and acetone concentration in exhaled air. Metabolic flexibility control method using the breath acetone is relevant and the future potential is attributed for personalized diagnostics, pre-diagnosis and therapeutic modalities correction is huge.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Monika Michalak ◽  
Monika Pierzak ◽  
Beata Kręcisz ◽  
Edyta Suliga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Human Body ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Balanced Diet

Human skin is continually changing. The condition of the skin largely depends on the individual’s overall state of health. A balanced diet plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body, including the skin. The present study draws attention to bioactive substances, i.e., vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, with a particular focus on their effects on the condition of the skin. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of bioactive substances on skin parameters such as elasticity, firmness, wrinkles, senile dryness, hydration and color, and to define their role in the process of skin ageing.

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