scholarly journals Antioxidants from Plant Sources and Free Radicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhayat Atasoy ◽  
Ufuk Mercan Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Today, many factors such as advancing technology, environmental pollution, radiation, contaminated water, pesticides, heavy metals, stress and oxygen metabolism in living cells inevitably cause the formation of free radicals in the human body. Free radicals are very reactive forms of oxygen that destroy the cells of the organism. This calls for cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataracts, diabetes and many more diseases. To provide solutions to these diseases, firstly, we can eliminate the negative effects of free radicals and prevent the formation of diseases. While there is an antioxidant defense system in the human body that can prevent this, the environmental factors encountered break down this defense resistance and sometimes make it inadequate. We can strengthen our weakened antioxidant defense systems by eating a natural and balanced diet and consuming fruits and vegetables containing antioxidants, thus preventing illness. Research shows that free radicals have a significant effect on aging, free radical damage can be controlled with adequate antioxidant defense, and optimal antioxidant nutrient intake can contribute to improved quality of life. This review is intended to highlight once again the importance of alternative antioxidants in the body to eliminate free radicals and their harmful effects.

scholarly journals Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants (LMWA) and their Orchestration

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lamichhane ◽  
V Chaudhary ◽  
NK Sah ◽  
M Singh ◽  
R Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metabolic Conditions

Every day we hear more and more about free radicals and how they are linked with innumerable diseases and health conditions from ageing to muscular degeneration and even some forms of cancer. The problem is not in knowing that these microscopic enemies exist. We know that they do! The problem is how to fight them so that they are rendered harmless. Under normal metabolic conditions each cell of human body is exposed to about 1010 molecules of superoxide anions (primary free radical) each day. For a person weighing 150 pounds, this amounts to about 4 pounds of superoxide per year, a substantial amount! Once formed, superoxide can react through catalytic pathways in the cell to form many other reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The antioxidant defense system in the human body is extensive and consists of multiple layers, which protect against different types of ROS/RNS. Many of the biological effects of antioxidants appear to be related to their ability not only to scavenge the deleterious free radicals but also to modulate cell signalling pathways.   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 171-180 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8971  

POSSIBILITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN PATIENTS WITH SUPERIOR HYPERPLASIA OF THE PEDESTAL GLAND AND ACCOMPANYING CHRONIC POSTATITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Павел Георгиевич Осипов ◽  
Андрей Александрович Береш ◽  
Юрий Сергеевич Ханин ◽  
Олеся Игоревна Некрылова
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Chronic Prostatitis ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Benign Hyperplasia

Несмотря на достигнутые успехи в диагностике и лечении, на сегодняшний день проблема хронического простатита у пациентов с доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты продолжает оставаться актуальной. Тем временем, выздоровление или же стойкая ремиссия хронического простатита наступает только у 30-35% больных, которые получают традиционное лечение. В патогенезе хронического простатита важное место занимают мембранопатологические процессы, которые обусловлены активацией перекисного окисления липидов и нарушением состояния антиоксидантной системы защиты. У больных с хроническим простатитом и доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты наблюдается существенное усиление процессов липопероксидации на фоне сниженной функциональной способности антиоксидантных систем защиты организма. Поэтому равновесие в оксидантно-антиоксидантной системе является важным звеном в поддержании гомеостаза и, в частности, при патологии предстательной железы, предопределяет включение в комплексное лечение средств антиоксидантного действия. Перспективным можно считать применение препаратов с высоким содержанием биофлавоноидов и антиоксидантных витаминов. Включение в комплексное лечение таких пациентов препарата Кверцетина приводит к сокращению сроков нормализации клинико-лабораторных проявлений заболевания благодаря восстановлению равновесия между перекисным окислением липидов и состоянием антиоксидантной системы защиты Despite the successes achieved in the diagnosis and treatment, to date, the problem of chronic progression in patients with benign hyperplasia of the growth continues to remain relevant. Meanwhile, recovery or persistent remission of chronic prostatitis occurs only in 30-35% of patients who receive traditional treatment. In the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis, membrane-pathological processes take an important place, which are caused by the activation of lipid peroxidation and impaired state of the antioxidant defense system. In patients with chronic prostate and benign hyperplasia, a significant increase in lipoperoxidation processes is observed against the background of a reduced functional ability of antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, the equilibrium in the oxidant-antioxidant system is an important link in the maintenance of homeostasis and, in particular, with the pathology of the prostate gland, allows the inclusion of antioxidant drugs in the complex treatment. The use of drugs with a high content of bioflavonoids and antioxidant vitamins can be considered promising. The inclusion of such patients in the complex treatment of the drug Quercetin leads to a reduction in the normalization period of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease due to the restoration of the equilibrium between the peroxidation of the lipid peroxidation system and the state of lipid peroxidation

scholarly journals Influence of Different Doses of Levofloxacin on Antioxidant Defense Systems and Markers of Renal and Hepatic Dysfunctions in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Tunde Olayinka ◽  
Ayokanmi Ore ◽  
Olaniyi Solomon Ola
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Control Plasma ◽  
Different Doses

Levofloxacin (LFX) is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of infections such as pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and sinusitis. The present study assessed the likely toxic effect of LFX on hepatic and renal tissues in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: A: control, B: 5 mg/kg bw LFX (half therapeutic dose), C: 10 mg/kg bw LFX (therapeutic dose), and D: 20 mg/kg bw LFX (double therapeutic dose). After seven days of administration, result indicated significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma ALT, AST, and ALP activities in the treated groups compared to control. Also, there was a significant increase in plasma creatinine, urea, and total bilirubin in the treated groups relative to control. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides also increased significantly in the treated groups relative to control. Also, hepatic MDA level increased significantly in all the treated groups. However, hepatic SOD, catalase, and GST activities were significantly reduced in the LFX-treated animals. Moreover, GSH and ascorbic acid levels were significantly decreased in the LFX-treated groups relative to control. In conclusion, three doses of levofloxacin depleted antioxidant defense system and induced oxidative stress and hepatic and renal dysfunctions in rats.

scholarly journals Pneumoperitoneum effect on testicular oxidative stress and histopathology – Systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e13410313069
Author(s):  
Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida ◽  
Vanessa Milech ◽  
Maurício Veloso Brun ◽  
Antonio Sergio Varela Junior ◽  
Carine Dahl Corcini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Histological Damage ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures

Pneumoperitoneum is characterized by the presence of abdominal cavity gas. Thus, this is used as a tool to create a space in the abdominal cavity for video laparoscopic surgical procedures. However, insufflation of abdominal cavity is capable of causing damage induced by tissue ischemia and reperfusion, which is caused by hypoxia and an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense system capacity. The objective of this study was to bibliographic review the negative effects of exposing healthy animals to different pneumoperitoneum settings by assessing oxidative stress and testicular histopathology, identifying intra-abdominal pressures that did not result in testicular alteration. A systematic search was carried out in three databases using the following terms: pneumoperitoneum AND testi* or gonad. The survey conducted in the databases yielded 2209 scientific articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, six papers were selected. All the articles selected addressed the effects of pneumoperitoneum on testicular structure and used at least one scoring system to perform histopathological evaluation of the testis. Three studies verified the occurrence of changes in oxidative stress. According to this literature review, pneumoperitoneum used at intra-abdominal pressures equal to, or greater than, 9 mmHg caused testicular histological damage. According to the biomarkers used in studies, pressures greater than 10 mmHg were sufficient to cause testicular oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8452
Author(s):  
Madalyn Riley Higgins ◽  
Azimeh Izadi ◽  
Mojtaba Kaviani
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Vitamin E And C

Antioxidant supplementation, including vitamin E and C supplementation, has recently received recognition among athletes as a possible method for enhancing athletic performance. Increased oxidative stress during exercise results in the production of free radicals, which leads to muscle damage, fatigue, and impaired performance. Despite their negative effects on performance, free radicals may act as signaling molecules enhancing protection against greater physical stress. Current evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation may impair these adaptations. Apart from athletes training at altitude and those looking for an immediate, short-term performance enhancement, supplementation with vitamin E does not appear to be beneficial. Moreover, the effectiveness of vitamin E and C alone and/or combined on muscle mass and strength have been inconsistent. Given that antioxidant supplements (e.g., vitamin E and C) tend to block anabolic signaling pathways, and thus, impair adaptations to resistance training, special caution should be taken with these supplements. It is recommended that athletes consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, which provides vitamins, minerals phytochemicals, and other bioactive compounds to meet the recommended intakes of vitamin E and C.

Recent Insights into the Nutritional Antioxidant Therapy in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Vascular Complications - A comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narasimha M. Beeraka ◽  
Irina K. Tomilova ◽  
Galina A. Batrak ◽  
Maria V. Zhaburina ◽  
Vladimir N. Nikolenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM-induced vascular complications are a significant global healthcare problem causing a decrease in patient quality of life. The main reason for the disability and mortality of patients is rapidly progressing micro- and macroangiopathies. Currently, free radical oxidation is recognized as one of the main mechanisms in the development of DM and associated complications. Under normal physiological conditions, the level of free radicals and antioxidant defense capabilities is balanced. However, imbalance occurs between the antioxidant defense system and pro-oxidants during chronic hyperglycemia and may invoke formation of excess free radicals, leading to activation of lipid peroxidation and accumulation of highly toxic products of free radical oxidation. This is accompanied by varying degrees of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in DM patients. Simultaneously with the activation of free radical generation, a decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense factors (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, vitamins C and E) and an acceleration of diabetic complications is seen. Therefore, we hypothesize that antioxidants may play a positive role in the treatment of DM patients to prevent DM-induced vascular complications. However this has not been sufficiently studied. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the potential underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress induced diabetic complications, and implications of antioxidants in mitigation of DM-induced vascular complications.

scholarly journals Activity of the Antioxidant Defense System in a Typical Bioinsecticide-and Synthetic Insecticide-treated Cowpea Storage Beetle Callosobrochus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S19434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele O. Kolawole ◽  
Folasade M. Olajuyigbe ◽  
Joshua O. Ajele ◽  
Chris O. Adedire
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

The non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems play a major role in detoxification of pro-oxidant endobiotics and xenobiotics. The possible involvement of beetle non-enzymatic [α-tocopherol, glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid] and enzymatic [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)] antioxidant defense system on the insecticidal activity of synthetic insecticides (cypermethrin, 2,2-dicholorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, and λ-cyhalothrin) and ethanolic plant extracts of Tithonia diversifolia, Cyperus rotundus, Hyptis suaveolens leaves, and Jatropha Curcas seeds was investigated. 2,2-Dicholorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP; 200 ppm, LC50 = 13.24 ppm) and T. diversifolia (20,000 ppm) resulted in 100% beetle mortality at 96-hour post-treatment. The post-treatments significantly increased the beetle α-tocopherol and GSH contents. Activities of CAT, SOD, POX, and PPO were modulated by the synthetic insecticides and bioinsecticides to diminish the adverse effect of the chemical stresses. Quantitative and qualitative allelochemical compositions of bioinsecticides and chemical structure of synthetic insecticides possibly account and for modulation of their respective enzyme activities. Altogether, oxidative stress was enormous enough to cause maladaptation in insects. This study established that oxidative imbalance created could be the molecular basis of the efficacy of both insecticides and bio-insecticides. Two, there was development of functional but inadequate antioxidant defense mechanism in the beetle.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Infertility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Mahmood Shakir
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Human Fertility

Unexplained sub-fertility is commonly identified if couples fail to conceive after 1 yr. of everyday unprotected sexual intercourse even though investigations for ovulation, tubal patency and semen evaluation are ordinary. Many previous studies had shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in human fertility. Free radicals are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defense system. In a healthy body, pro-oxidants and antioxidants maintain a ratio and a shift in this ratio towards pro-oxidants gives rise to oxidative stress. There are two types of antioxidants in the human body: enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Under normal conditions, antioxidants convert ROS to H2O to prevent overproduction of ROS. All cells in the human body are capable of synthesizing glutathione specially the liver. Free radicals appear to have a physiological role in female reproductive system in many different processes such as: oocyte maturation, fertilization, luteal regression, endometrial shedding and progesterone production by the corpus luteum. Protection from ROS is afforded by scavengers present in both male and female reproductive tract fluids, as well as in seminal plasma elevated concentrations of ROS in these environments may have detrimental effects on the spermatozoa, oocytes, sperm oocyte interaction and embryos both in the Fallopian tube and the peritoneal cavity; therefore oxidative stress modulates a host of reproductive pathologies affecting natural fertility in a woman’s life.

scholarly journals Exogenous Salicylic Acid-Mediated Physiological Responses and Improvement in Yield by Modulating Antioxidant Defense System of Wheat under Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannatul FARDUS ◽  
Md. Abdul MATIN ◽  
Md. HASANUZZAMAN ◽  
Md. Shahadat HOSSAIN ◽  
Sheymol Dev NATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid

Present study investigates the regulatory roles of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) in physiology, antioxidant defense systems and yield of wheat under different salt stress condition. The experiment was conducted with two varieties i.e. BARIGom 21 and BARIGom 25 and ten salt stress treatments viz. control (without salt), SA (1 mMsalicylic acid), S50 (50 mMsalt stress), S50+SA (50 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S100 (100 mMsalt stress), S100+SA (100 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S150 (150 mMsalt stress), S150+SA (150 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S200 (200 mMsalt stress) and S200+SA (200 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA). Leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content reduced due to salt stress. The malondialdelyde (MDA) and H2O2 were increased under the stress condition. The ascorbate (AsA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG ratio were reduced by salt stresses (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM, respectively). But the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) amount increased with an increase in the all level of salinity. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and catalase (CAT) activities showed a significant reduction in response to salt stress but CAT increased only at 100 mM stress condition. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased significantly with severe salt stress (200 mM). But the activity of peroxidase (POD) was decreased with increasing salinity level. At harvest, salt stresses reduced the effective tiller hill-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index for both of varieties. However, number of non-effective tiller hill-1 significantly increased in response of salt stress. Exogenous 1 mM SA application with salt stress improved physiological parameters, yield and reduced oxidative damage in both cultivars whereBARI Gom 25 showed better tolerance. But, SA application could not improve physiological parameters and yield at extreme level of salt stress (200 mM).

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