scholarly journals Vascular Brain Disease in Geriatric Neuropsychiatry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Sousa Alves ◽  
Felipe Kenji Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Structural Imaging ◽  
Clinical Exam ◽  
Lifestyle Treatment ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Promotion Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Vascular brain diseases are a significant cause of dementia, and their presence, alone or associated with degenerative conditions, increases the risk of conversion to progressive cognitive decline. Neuropsychiatric manifestations vary according to the affected brain territory and disrupted neuronal circuits. In the current chapter, epidemiological prevalence, the harmonization of the diagnostic criteria of vascular subtypes, and the impact of age and socio-demographic aspects are critically reviewed. Another explored topic refers to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Structural imaging, including magnetic resonance (MRI) and computer tomography (CT), and a thorough neuropsychological and clinical exam, may help establish the differential diagnosis and substantially impact clinical evolution. Treatment involves various strategies, including controlling cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, cardiopathies, and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Treatment relies on preventive and health promotion strategies related to the timely control of vascular risk factors and symptomatic approaches. The use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors aims at stabilizing symptoms and is recommended in all stages of dementia.

scholarly journals Modifiable Lifestyle Factors: Opportunities for (Hereditary) Breast Cancer Prevention - a Narrative Review

Breast Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Lammert ◽  
Sabine Grill ◽  
Marion Kiechle
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
The Impact

Increasing rates of obesity, lack of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and frequent alcohol consumption are major lifestyle-related risk factors for breast cancer. In fact, it has been estimated that about one-third of breast cancer cases are attributable to factors women can change. Most research has focused on examining the impact of one single exposure on breast cancer risk while adjusting for other risk modifiers. Capitalizing on big data, major efforts have been made to evaluate the combined impact of well-established lifestyle factors on overall breast cancer risk. At the individual level, data indicate that even simple behavior modifications could have a considerable impact on breast cancer prevention. Moreover, there is emerging new evidence that adopting a healthy lifestyle may be particularly relevant for women with hereditary susceptibility to breast cancer. On the absolute risk scale, studies suggest that the presence of certain risk factors, such as excessive body weight, had a substantially higher impact on breast cancer risk if women had a hereditary predisposition to cancer. The existing body of knowledge gives the medical professionals guidance as to which factors to focus on when counseling patients. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials utilizing objective methods are crucial to providing concrete recommendations.

scholarly journals The Impact of Lifestyle Interventions in High-Risk Early Breast Cancer Patients: A Modeling Approach from a Single Institution Experience

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5539
Author(s):  
Mirco Pistelli ◽  
Valentina Natalucci ◽  
Laura Scortichini ◽  
Veronica Agostinelli ◽  
Edoardo Lenci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

A healthy lifestyle plays a strategic role in the prevention of BC. The aim of our prospective study is to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle interventions program based on special exercise and nutrition education on weight, psycho-physical well-being, blood lipid and hormonal profile among BC patients who underwent primary surgery. From January 2014 to March 2017, a multidisciplinary group of oncologists, dieticians, physiatrists and an exercise specialist evaluated 98 adult BC female patients at baseline and at different time points. The patients had at least one of the following risk factors: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, high testosterone levels, high serum insulin levels or diagnosis of MS. Statistically significant differences are shown in terms of BMI variation with the lifestyle interventions program, as well as in waist circumference and blood glucose, insulin and testosterone levels. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was reported in variations of total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score, in the anxiety HADS score and improvement in joint pain. Our results suggested that promoting a healthy lifestyle in clinical practice reduces risk factors involved in BC recurrence and ensures psycho-physical well-being.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Some Lifestyle Risk Factors, Negatively Affecting the Health of High School Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim K. Iurev ◽  
Pavel G. Zhirkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
School Students ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
The Impact

Important role in shaping the health of adolescents is played by the environmental factors and lifestyle, the influence of which they are exposed to a greater degree than adults. At the same time, adolescents have not yet formed attitudes to conscious attitude to their health, extremely low medical activity, which exacerbates the impact of risk factors on their health. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of high school students about the risk factors of lifestyle that adversely affect health, and their prevalence among adolescents. To achieve this goal on a specially designed statistical forms conducted an anonymous survey of 325 boys enrolled in high school four secondary schools in the city of Yakutsk. It was found that high school students are quite well informed about most lifestyle risk factors that have an impact on health. At the same time, in the way of life of many young men (73,9 ± 2,4 of 100) there is at least one risk factor that adversely affects health. Among the risk factors for health in high school students of Yakutsk are more common: prolonged stay at the computer, sleep, excessive consumption of food with high carbohydrate content, small stay in the fresh air, long additional classes, low physical activity. In this regard, it is now a very important task of school, family, health workers is to create in adolescents’ belief in the need to maintain a healthy lifestyle, the formation of a cult of health.

The results of the risk factors study for the development of cerebrovascular diseases in women in Kyiv city

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
G.О. Slabkiy ◽  
◽  
М.М. Prokopiv ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Hereditary Nature ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Cerebrovascular diseases in the leading countries of the world occupy the second place among all the causes of death and become the main cause of disability of the population in working age. Preventive measures for the development of cerebrovascular disease are directed at eliminating or reducing the impact of risk factors of disease. The objective: to define risk factors for the development of cerebrovascular disease in women under the age of 40 years residing in Kyiv. Materials and methods. 420 women under the age of 40 years residing in Kyiv were questioned with the use of sociological method. A universal adapted questionnaire was used to conduct the research. The results were processed with the application of statistical method and the method of structural-and-logical analysis. Results. It has been defined that up to 32.0% of women have risk factors for developing cerebrovascular diseases of medical nature, up to 69.0% – of hereditary nature, up to 69.0% – of those associated with lifestyle and 32.0% – of socio-economic nature. Among women who did not have a diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease 24.6±2.2% of the polled have hypertensive disease. At the same time, 21.9±2.1% of them do not follow the doctor’s recommendations on healthy lifestyle and 13.8±1.7% of them do not follow the recommendations of the doctor on taking medications. Among women who have been diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease 31.7±2.3% of the polled have hypertensive disease. At the same time, 48.7±2.5% of them do not follow the doctor’s recommendations on healthy lifestyle and 38.5±2.4% do not follow the recommendations of the doctor regarding the intake of medicines. All that leads to high risks of developing a cerebral stroke. Conclusions. A high level of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease was defined among women aged up to 40 years of life residing in Kyiv that requires the introduction of comprehensive information and sanitary preventive programs. Keywords: Kyiv, women, cerebrovascular diseases, risk factors.

scholarly journals Organisational reasons of job burnout

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Joanna Moczydłowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Burnout Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article contains theory-cognitive and empirical parts which aim at diagnosing the organisational reasons of burnout detected by managers in. The group of 45 managers who are the students of Executive MBA in the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw took part in the research. The managers’ opinions about organisational risk factors of burnout which occur in their work environment were the research subject. Survrey was the main research tool used in the study. The following research problem was formulated: What organisational factors raiseing the risk of burnout are detected by managerial staff in their work environment?The analysis of respondents’ statements enable to identify of the following categories of burnout risk factors: pressure (of time, responsibility, expectations), lack of possibilities to develop occupational abilities and of prospects, the reasons entrenched in wrong interpersonal relations, lack of basic employees’ need, deficiencies of the motivational system and work organisation, failure to meet the making decisions. Indirectly, the research results indicate senior staff individualistic inertia. The respondents are conscious of burnout risk factors but they do not take enough effective action to build friendly organisational environment and promote healthy lifestyle. They estimate that the impact of these factors on the mental hygiene improvement in the enterprises is little. They are prone to detect potential sources of burnout in factors which they do not have direct influence on, for instance in the rules enforced by the high level managers, in law of tough market competition etc. There are no statistically significant differences between the responses of men and women. The article develops knowledge in the area of organisational behavior.

Hygienic characteristics of the cosmetologists' lifestyle

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 958-963
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Latyshevskaya ◽  
Tatyana L. Yatsyshena ◽  
Elena L. Shestopalova ◽  
Irina Yu. Krainova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Modern trends in the deterioration of health and the growth of non-communicable diseases among the adult working-age population, including medical workers, actualize the importance of a healthy lifestyle for maintaining health and professional longevity. There were almost no studies related to cosmetologists' experienced group as representatives of aesthetic medicine. There is no scientific evidence on behavioral risks of this group. It justifies the relevance of this study. The study aims to analyze the essential components of the cosmetologists' lifestyle depending on age and the argumentation of priority behavioral health risk factors for preventive and recreational work justification. Sixty women (practicing cosmetologists in Volgograd at the age of 28-39 years (group A) and 40-53 (group B)) took part in the study. Lifestyle assessment included a modified questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 5 blocks (block 1 - nutrition; 2 - physical activity, including hardening and active rest; 3 - daily regimen; 4 - personal hygiene; 5 - bad habits). It allows the analysis of the adherence to a healthy lifestyle based on the provision of quantitative data. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Excel package. The authors identified the essential and statistically significant differences in the cosmetologists' lifestyle depending on age. The respondents of group B demonstrated hygienically rational indicators in all blocks of the lifestyle more often. They had a more formed adherence to a healthy lifestyle: 504 answers in the category "insignificant risk" of respondents in group B versus 354 in group A. Distribution of answers in the "high risk" category: 119 responses in group B and 185 in group A. The lifestyle of 46.7% of the respondents in group B refers to a healthy lifestyle. 3.3% of the group B respondents have an anxious lifestyle, 50% have health risks. 10% of Group A respondents' lifestyle refers to a healthy lifestyle. 13.3% of Group A respondents' lifestyle refers to an anxious lifestyle; 76.7% of this group have health risks. There was almost no complex hygienic research profession of medical cosmetologists. Cosmetologists of the older age group (40-53 years old) are more conscious of maintaining a hygienically rational lifestyle. The most significant defects among cosmetologists aged 28-39 years are low physical activity, nutritional defects, insufficient duration of night rest, and excessive use of information and communication technologies for rest, accompanied by manifestations of neurotization and signs of pronounced fatigue. The obtained results argue the need to develop and implement informational and educational measures to prevent risk behavior patterns, taking into account the age of cosmetologists and the priority of the identified behavioral risk factors.

Stress, Cortisol and Suicide Risk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Brian O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
The Impact

Suicide is a global health issue accounting for at least 800,000 deaths per annum. Numerous models have been proposed that differ in their emphasis on the role of psychological, social, psychiatric and neurobiological factors in explaining suicide risk. Central to many models is a stress-diathesis component which states that suicidal behavior is the result of an interaction between acutely stressful events and a susceptibility to suicidal behavior (a diathesis). This article presents an overview of studies that demonstrate that stress and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, are important additional risk factors for suicide. Evidence for other putative stress-related suicide risk factors including childhood trauma, impaired executive function, impulsivity and disrupted sleep are considered together with the impact of family history of suicide, perinatal and epigenetic influences on suicide risk.

Stress, anxiety, depression and burnout in frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a brief systematic review and new data from Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

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