scholarly journals Exercise-Based Interventions as a Management of Frailty Syndrome in Older Populations: Design, Strategy, and Planning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Furtado ◽  
Adriana Caldo ◽  
Rafael Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Pedrosa ◽  
Rafael Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Older Populations

Exercise-based interventions emerged as the best alternative for treating frailty syndrome (FS). Recognized as a complex phenotype, the FS is a multifaceted aging expression determined by biologic, environment, and behaviors factors. The biological theories of human development perceive aging process as an accumulation of harmful biochemical changes, whose occurrence attends the course of life. The progressive losses of functional reserves that occur in the body systems are a hallmark of this negative process. Despite the biological effects of physical and cognitive decline, more contemporary studies have identified that the environmental and behavior factors such as malnutrition and negative psychological adjustment across the life span also contribute to the early appearance of FS. Notwithstanding the latest findings that consistently demonstrate an overall positive benefit of long-term-based exercise in the decrease and/or reversal of the FS with a substantial impact on their correlated outcomes, the focus of this chapter is to present strategies for designing exercise programs for this type of population, taking into account their practical application in the field.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Hydrogen Intervention on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microbiome of Rats in Health Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xie ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Yang Yi ◽  
Zi-Jia Liu ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene

Abstract The potential for preventive and therapeutic applications of H2 have now been confirmed in various disease. However, the effects of H2 on health status have not been fully elucidated. Our previous study reported changes in the body weight and 13 serum biochemical parameters during the six-month hydrogen intervention. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term hydrogen consumption, the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in this study. Compared with the control group, 14 and 10 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and hydrogen inhalation (HI) group, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that HRW intake mainly affected starch and sucrose metabolism, and DMs in HI group were mainly enriched in arginine biosynthesis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HRW intake induced significant changes in the structure of gut microbiota, while no marked bacterial community differences was observed in HI group. HRW intake mainly induced significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Clostridium XI, and decrease in Bacteroides. HI mainly induced decreased abundances of Blautia and Paraprevotella. The results of this study provide basic data for further research on hydrogen medicine. Determination of the effects of hydrogen intervention on microbiota profiles could also shed light on identification of mechanism underlying the biological effects of molecular hydrogen.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term in vivo micro-CT imaging on hallmarks of osteopenia and frailty in aging mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane C. Scheuren ◽  
Gisela A. Kuhn ◽  
Ralph Müller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Ct

AbstractIn vivo micro-CT has already been used to monitor microstructural changes of bone in mice of different ages and in models of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. However, as aging is accompanied by frailty and subsequent increased sensitivity to external stimuli such as handling and anesthesia, the extent to which longitudinal imaging can be applied in aging studies remains unclear. Consequently, the potential of monitoring individual mice during the entire aging process – from healthy to frail status – has not yet been exploited. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term in vivo micro-CT imaging - consisting of 11 imaging sessions over 20 weeks - on hallmarks of aging both on a local (i.e., static and dynamic bone morphometry) and systemic (i.e., frailty index (FI) and body weight) level at various stages of the aging process. Furthermore, using a premature aging model (PolgA(D257A/D257A)), we assessed whether these effects differ between genotypes.The 6th caudal vertebrae of 4 groups of mice (PolgA(D257A/D257A) and PolgA(+/+)) were monitored by in vivo micro-CT every 2 weeks. One group was subjected to 11 scans between weeks 20 and 40 of age, whereas the other groups were subjected to 5 scans between weeks 26-34, 32-40 and 40-46, respectively. The long-term monitoring approach showed small but significant changes in the static bone morphometric parameters compared to the other groups. However, no interaction effect between groups and genotype was found, suggesting that PolgA mutation does not render bone more or less susceptible to long-term micro-CT imaging. The differences between groups observed in the static morphometric parameters were less pronounced in the dynamic morphometric parameters. Moreover, the body weight and FI were not affected by more frequent imaging sessions. Finally, we observed that longitudinal designs including baseline measurements at young adult age are more powerful at detecting effects of in vivo micro-CT imaging on hallmarks of aging than cross-sectional comparisons between multiple groups of aged mice subjected to fewer imaging sessions.

scholarly journals Behavior and body size modulate the defense of toxin-containing sawfly larvae against ants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Boevé
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Toxic Peptides ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractThe sawfly larvae of most Argidae and Pergidae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) species contain toxic peptides, and these along with other traits contribute to their defense. However, the effectiveness of their defense strategy, especially against ants, remains poorly quantified. Here, five Arge species, A. berberidis, A. nigripes, A. ochropus, A. pagana, A. pullata, plus three Pergidae species, Lophyrotoma analis, Lophyrotoma zonalis, Philomastix macleaii, were tested in laboratory bioassays on ant workers mainly of Myrmica rubra. The experiments focused on short-term predator–prey interactions, sawfly survival rate after long-term interactions, and feeding deterrence of the sawfly hemolymph. The larvae of Arge species were generally surrounded by few ants, which rarely bit them, whereas larvae of Pergidae, especially P. macleaii, had more ants around with more biting. A detailed behavioral analysis of Arge-ant interactions revealed that larval body size and abdomen raising behavior were two determinants of ant responses. Another determinant may be the emission of a volatile secretion by non-eversible ventro-abdominal glands. The crude hemolymph of all tested species, the five Arge species and L. zonalis, was a strong feeding deterrent and remained active at a ten-fold dilution. Furthermore, the study revealed that the taxon-specific behavior of ants, sting or spray, impacted the survival of A. pagana but not the large body-sized A. pullata. The overall results suggest that the ability of Arge and Pergidae larvae to defend against ants is influenced by the body size and behavior of the larvae, as well as by chemicals.

scholarly journals Impact of Knowledge-based Program Management Resource on Social Enterprise Sustainability: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Arif-Ud-Din ◽  
Syed Mohsin Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Jahangir
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship

The focus of this research is to look at knowledge-based programme management resources as a starting point for investigating the relationship between Team programme management resources and social enterprise sustainability in underdeveloped countries. This article examines data from 300 programme management personnel of social businesses in Pakistan who responded to a self-administered and online survey. The link between team programme management resources and social business sustainability was investigated using structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). A total of 9 critical indicators of the team programme management assets have a substantial impact on the three sustainability pillars (Social, economic and environmental). This research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between programme management resources and the long-term sustainability of social enterprises. Few publications have looked into intangible programme management resources as a basis of sustainability using the RBV of the organization. This study adds to the body of knowledge on the RBV of the business and advances our consideration of programme management resources as a foundation of long-term sustainability.

scholarly journals Aerobic capacity of wistar rats: the effects of training and physical detraining at middle-aged

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Ghezzi ◽  
Lucieli Teresa Cambri ◽  
Gustavo Gomes de Araújo ◽  
José Diego Botezelli ◽  
Carla Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Depots

It has been shown that engaging in regular physical exercise yields short- and long-term health benefits, primarily by mitigating the risk for cardiovascular disease, but little information is known about physical deconditioning at aging process. The aim of the present study was to analyze the aerobic capacity, through maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), in Wistar rats of different ages (2,4, 6 e 12 months ) and physical conditioning deconditioning responses in middle-aged rats. The results were significant for weight gain in the sedentary (588 ± 71 g) and detraining animals (576 ± 62 g) at 12 months, whereas the conditioned group maintained their original body weights – BW (515 ± 72 g), similar at four (455 ±17 g) and six months of age (471 ± 37 g). MLSS decreased with age (2 months sedentary (8.4 ± 1% Body Weight, 4 months sedentary (6.4 ± 0.6% BW), 6 months sedentary (5.8 ± 1% BW), 12 months sedentary (5.1 ± 0.7% BW), but physical exercise was effective in attenuating the age-related loss of aerobic capacity after 12 months (5.8 ± 1.3% BW). The physical detraining was (5.3 ± 0.4% BW) was similar at 12 months trained. The physical training in long term protected against the increased of the body weight and fat depots caused by aging, but, this effect was found by deconditioning physical. Additionally, the physical training attenuated the aerobic capacity loss due to aging process and this effect was maintained after detraining physical.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Lessons from growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice: are there benefits of endocrine defects?

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. R155-R181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetobrata Basu ◽  
Yanrong Qian ◽  
John J Kopchick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor Gene ◽  
Cognition And Aging

Growth hormone (GH) is produced primarily by anterior pituitary somatotroph cells. Numerous acute human (h) GH treatment and long-term follow-up studies and extensive use of animal models of GH action have shaped the body of GH research over the past 70 years. Work on the GH receptor (R)-knockout (GHRKO) mice and results of studies on GH-resistant Laron Syndrome (LS) patients have helped define many physiological actions of GH including those dealing with metabolism, obesity, cancer, diabetes, cognition and aging/longevity. In this review, we have discussed several issues dealing with these biological effects of GH and attempt to answer the question of whether decreased GH action may be beneficial.

scholarly journals Professor Alexander Mozzhukhin (by the 100th anniversary of his birth)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Ya. Apchel ◽  
Viktor N. Golubev
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Systemic Factor

Alexander Sergeevich Mozzhukhin was born on August 27, 1921, in Krasnsodar in a family of an employee. After graduating with honors from high school, A.S. Mozzhukhin became a student at the Kuibyshev Military Medical Academy and completed his medical education with honors at the military faculty of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. In 1943, A.S. Mozzhukhin came to the Department of Normal Physiology of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, with whom he connected more than 30 years of his life and in which he went from adjunct to head of the department, and scientific secretary of the academic council of the academy. The scientific activity of A.S. Mozzhukhin began in the life-giving atmosphere, which was formed at the department during the leadership of Academician L.A. Orbeli and his closest assistant A.V. Lebedinsky. All scientific activity of A.S. Mozzhukhin is an organic and natural combination of fundamental problems, physiology, psychophysiology, human biology, and practical medicine. The main scientific direction of the Department of Normal Physiology under the leadership of A.S. Mozzhukhin was on the study of the interaction of afferent systems under exposure to extreme stimuli as well as on the study of human functional reserves. In addition, a team examined the physiological cost of pedagogical activity depending on the age, seniority, psychophysical characteristics of teachers, and type of training sessions. A.S. Mozzhukhin investigated the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Together with chemist F.Yu. Rachinsky, he created a radio defense drug RS-1 and became a leading Soviet radiobiologist. A.S. Mozzhukhin created a unique scientific physiological school of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, which scientifically proved that the adaptation process was accompanied by the formation and improvement of a specific system of functional reserves for body adaptation, and the systemic factor was the result of the activity (adaptation). A.S. Mozzhukhin, while working at P.F. Lesgaft Institute of Physical Culture, proved that functional reserves have potentials in changing the functional activity of structural elements of the body and their interaction among themselves to achieve the target result, adapt to physical and psychoemotional loads, as well as the effect of various factors of the external environment on the body. The bright memory of Alexander Sergeyevich Mozzhukhin will forever remain in the hearts of his students and followers.

scholarly journals Epibiotic Communities of Common Crab Species in the Coastal Barents Sea: Biodiversity and Infestation Patterns

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Dvoretsky ◽  
Vladimir G. Dvoretsky
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Fouling Communities ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Stone Crab ◽  
Infestation Indices ◽  
And Behavior

Crabs are important ecosystem engineers in marine habitats worldwide. Based on long-term data, we analyzed the species composition and infestation indices of epibionts and symbionts colonizing the great spider crab, Hyas araneus, and two lithodid crabs—the northern stone crab, Lithodes maja, and the red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus—in the coastal zone of the Barents Sea. The epibiotic communities found on great spider crabs were closer to northern stone crabs (33%) compared to red king crabs (25%). The prevalence of mobile symbionts (amphipods, Ischyrocerus, and polychaetes, Harmothoe) and common epibionts, such as barnacles and hydrozoans, was low on great spider crabs and high on the body and in the gills of lithodid crabs. Epiphytes were abundant on great spider crabs but not present on both species of lithodid crabs. Egg symbionts found on H. araneus and P. camtschaticus do not affect their local populations. Differences in the fouling communities found on the three crab species are associated with host size range, surface properties of their carapaces, and behavior patterns.

scholarly journals Impact of Knowledge-based Program Management Resource on Social Enterprise Sustainability: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 166-181
Author(s):  
Arif-Ud-Din ◽  
Syed Mohsin Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Jahangir
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship

The focus of this research is to look at knowledge-based programme management resources as a starting point for investigating the relationship between Team programme management resources and social enterprise sustainability in underdeveloped countries. This article examines data from 300 programme management personnel of social businesses in Pakistan who responded to a self-administered and online survey. The link between team programme management resources and social business sustainability was investigated using structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). A total of 9 critical indicators of the team programme management assets have a substantial impact on the three sustainability pillars (Social, economic and environmental). This research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between programme management resources and the long-term sustainability of social enterprises. Few publications have looked into intangible programme management resources as a basis of sustainability using the RBV of the organization. This study adds to the body of knowledge on the RBV of the business and advances our consideration of programme management resources as a foundation of long-term sustainability.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

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