scholarly journals Airway Management in COVID-19 as Aerosol Generating Procedure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Shallik ◽  
Muhammad Firas Khader Alhammad ◽  
Yasser Mahmoud Hammad Ali Hammad ◽  
Elfert Amr ◽  
Shakeel Moideen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Staff Protection ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
High Chance

2020 has seen the whole world battling a pandemic. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when in close contact with an infected person, by direct contact, or by contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. Aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) like intubation have a high chance of generating large concentrations of infectious aerosols. AGPs potentially put healthcare workers at an increased risk of contracting the infection, and therefore special precautions are necessary during intubation. The procedure has to be performed by an expert operator who uses appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Modifications of known techniques have helped to reduce the chances of contracting the infection from patients. The use of checklists has become standard safe practice. This chapter looks at the current knowledge we have regarding this illness and how we should modify our practice to make managing the airway both safer for the patient and the healthcare workers involved. It addresses the preparation, staff protection, technical aspects and aftercare of patients who need airway intervention. It recommends simulation training to familiarize staff with modifications to routine airway management.

SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus which emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and from there spread to other parts of mainland China and around the world. The virus spreads mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. On average, the time from exposure to SARS-CoV-2 to the appearance of symptoms is 5–6 days but can range from 1–14 days. Asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2 can occur. In those with symptoms, most people (approx. 80%) will experience a mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without hospital management. Adults 65 years of age and older, and individuals of any age with underlying medical conditions, are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 and death. Complications include respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis/septic shock, thromboembolism, multiorgan failure and death. In rare cases, children and adults can develop a severe inflammatory syndrome a few weeks after SARS-COV-2 infection. Vaccines are available to help prevent COVID-19 disease; by August 2021, 7 vaccines had been authorized for use by the WHO to prevent COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, with others approved by country regulatory authorities.

scholarly journals Update on COVID-19 Infection and Ivermectin Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Konne Felix Eedee ◽  
Emeji Roseline
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause disease in mammals and birds. COVID-19 infection is caused by a single stranded RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2 that is similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The aim of this review is to identify how COVID-19 infects man, the preventive approach and treatment possibility with ivermectin drug. The possible main source of transmission is thought to be a close contact with infected person or animal and respiratory droplets while the mucous membrane; conjunctiva, mouth, nasal cavity, and throat are the main routes of transmission. The virus enters the human through the ACE2 receptor which are found in the mucous membrane. This is an important step for coronavirus infection establishment. To stay safe from coronavirus, physical distancing, wearing of face mask, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning/washing your hands, the use of hand sanitizers and coughing into a bent elbow are precautionary measures to avoid contracting the infection. Ivemectin blocks the initiation of the binding of the viral protein to the cytoplasmic receptor (imp α/β). The inhibitory role of ivemectin prevents further increase in the viral load. Ivermectin drug could be a remarkable medical breakthrough for the lasting treatment of the infection; however, more clinical trials are suggested in this area.

Covid-19 in India-Emergence, Implications and Possible Precautionary Measure for Disease Transmission in Indian Healthcare Workers

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Precautionary Measure ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Door Lock

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potentially fatal disease that prompted health disasters worldwide. The virus was reported first from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 majorly transmits through direct contactwith an infected person or inhalation.The spread rate of SARS-CoV-2 is much higher than the other virus of family. The virus is very harmful to the children, people with old age, low immunity, or suffering from other critical diseases. A total of 29.6 million infected cases and approximately 936000 death were reported worldwide. Whereas in India reached 5.02 Million cases are reported with 82000 deaths. In this paper, the authors had study the Origin of viruses, Symptoms, actions taken by the Indian government, and precautions suggested to healthcare workers. The biometric system's adverse effects in hospitals are highlighted, and authors emphasize IoT-based smart door-lock that works without direct contact. The proposed system helps in reducing contamination at healthcare centers.

scholarly journals Safety of healthcare workers undertaking transport and retrieval of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Labib Shehatta ◽  
Brian Racela ◽  
Ian Howard ◽  
Guillaume Alinier ◽  
Hani Jaouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Clinical Team ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Transport and retrieval of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support can be hazardous to patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). COVID-19 is highly contagious and can be transmitted by contact, droplet, or airborne route. Transport of COVID-19 patients exposes HCWs and the public to infection risks, hence strict measures must be in place to ensure everyone's safety. ECMO cannulation and transportation is considered an aerosol generating procedure and can pose significant risks to HCWs. In addition, close contact with the patient in the confined space of the ambulance may put HCWs at increased risk of exposure and infection. Methods: Between March 1st and September 30th 2020, a total of 32 episodes of COVID-19 ECMO transport were undertaken by the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) and Ambulance Service. We reviewed the incidence of COVID-19 infection among HCWs involved in these missions. The transport clinical team is composed of ECMO consultant, two ECMO nurses, a perfusionist and a Critical Care Paramedic (CCP). Due to staff shortage and clinical needs, a respiratory therapist did not attend to the majority of cases. A crew of two paramedics supports the clinical team with their intensive care ambulance. Results: The number of clinical staff involved in the COVID-19 ECMO transport during that period is shown in . The duration of clinical staff’s exposure to the infected patient in the back of the ambulance is demonstrated in. MICU staff underwent COVID-19 serology tests every 2 weeks as per local policy. None of the clinical staff involved in these transfers and retrievals of COVID-19 positive patients tested positive after 2 weeks of transport. Conclusion: Strict infection prevention and personal protective measures are mandatory to avoid cross-infection and were carefully adhered to during all the missions. They translated into the well-being of the clinical staff involved in the transfer and retrievals of COVID-19 positive patients.

scholarly journals Evaluating Healthcare Workers Needs and Empowering Them During Pandemics.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikeoluwa Ayomiposi Akintujoye
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Government

Healthcare workers play an essential and critical role in mitigating the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the population. In the United States, estimated confirmed cases are over 3million as of July 8, 2020. Healthcare workers have increased risk of infection and, likewise, their close contact. Healthcare workers are the frontline heroes in this battle with their families as collateral damage. During the outbreak, healthcare workers have taken drastic steps to reduce the risk of infecting their family members. Some have moved out of their homes, staying in hotels, in makeshift tents in their garage, or staying with fellow healthcare workers while having decided to stay home not just because they want to get infected but mainly because they do not want to infect their loved ones and families. This paper explains how to encourage health workers to work during a disease outbreak, such as the current coronavirus called COVID-19. It is an eye-opener to what the Government can do to keep health workers encouraged to continue to render services by providing the necessary medical equipment, disposable and non-disposable gears, continuous education on proper hand hygiene, and regular check on the stockpile. The suggestion is for health workers to shower and change into a different cloth when going back home at the end of every shift, and the clothes wore at work will be recycled at the disinfecting unit within the hospital. The hospital should provide scrub that can be recycled. It will reduce the rate at which infection spread out of the hospital.Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, disinfecting, and recycling work outfit, healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Access to personal protective equipment in exposed healthcare workers and COVID-19 illness, severity, symptoms and duration: a population-based case-control study in six countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e004611
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Sheila Hegde ◽  
Christine LaFiura ◽  
Madhunika Raghavan ◽  
Nancy Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundDespite the widespread implementation of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the COVID-19 pandemic, there are surprisingly few studies of its impact. To assess the risk, severity and duration of COVID-19 in relation to access to PPE in at-risk healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsFrom 17 July to 25 September 2020, at-risk physicians and nurses registered as a provider in the Survey Healthcare Globus network in six countries (the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and USA) were identified based on adult medical specialties with frequent and close contact with patients with COVID-19. Exposed HCWs completed a detailed questionnaire including demographics, medical, social and lifestyle factors. COVID-19 cases were defined as COVID-19 symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue, loss of taste or smell) and asymptomatic COVID-19 test positive cases.ResultsAmong 2884 exposed HCWs (94% medical doctors and 6% nurses or physician assistants), there were 514 reports of COVID-19 illness and 54 asymptomatic COVID-19 test positive cases. COVID-19 risk was significantly associated with close contact with COVID-19 cases both inside and outside the workplace, number of work shifts and hours worked per week. Limited access to PPE compared with access to a fresh mask, gown and gloves and face shield with each patient encounter was associated with a 2.2-fold to 22-fold increased risk of reporting COVID-19 symptoms (p<0.0001), a pattern consistent across all six countries. Further, limited access to PPE was associated with symptom duration greater than 2 weeks and the presence of moderate to severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, abnormal chest X-ray, low oxygen saturations, respiratory distress and acute lung injury.ConclusionIn six countries, less access to PPE was strongly associated with both increased risk of reporting COVID-19 illness as well as more prolonged and severe disease course in frontline HCWs.

Covid-19 in India-Emergence, Implications and Possible Precautionary Measure for Disease Transmission in Indian Healthcare Workers

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Precautionary Measure ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Door Lock

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potentially fatal disease that prompted health disasters worldwide. The virus was reported first from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 majorly transmits through direct contactwith an infected person or inhalation.The spread rate of SARS-CoV-2 is much higher than the other virus of family. The virus is very harmful to the children, people with old age, low immunity, or suffering from other critical diseases. A total of 29.6 million infected cases and approximately 936000 death were reported worldwide. Whereas in India reached 5.02 Million cases are reported with 82000 deaths. In this paper, the authors had study the Origin of viruses, Symptoms, actions taken by the Indian government, and precautions suggested to healthcare workers. The biometric system's adverse effects in hospitals are highlighted, and authors emphasize IoT-based smart door-lock that works without direct contact. The proposed system helps in reducing contamination at healthcare centers.

scholarly journals Facing COVID-19 pandemic: development of custom-made face mask with rapid prototyping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Pasquale Piombino ◽  
Umberto Committeri ◽  
Giovanna Norino ◽  
Luigi Angelo Vaira ◽  
Stefania Troise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Rapid Prototyping System

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact. Therefore, the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare professionals is essential. 3D printing technology could represent a valid option to ameliorate PPE shortages. Methodology: Custom-made face mask were designed on the basis of facial scan and then 3D-printed. The whole protocol is executed with freeware software and only required a 3D printer. Six healthcare workers wore the device weekly thus expressing a judgment regarding quality of work, respiratory and skin comfort. Results: The estimated total cost of a single mask is approximately 5 USD. The virtual design of a complete mask lasted 68 minutes on average. Most healthcare workers rated comfort as very good. Conclusions: Based on the encouraging results obtained, we can confidently confirm that custom-made masks are novel and useful devices that may be used in the fight against COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Status of Occupational Protection During COVID-19 Pandemic: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Healthcare Workers in Endoscopy Units, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Bixiao Nian ◽  
Yongchen Ma ◽  
Xinyue Guo ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status

Background: SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly around the world, and some patients present gastrointestinal symptoms. The existence of the virus in the gastrointestinal tract makes digestive endoscopy a high-risk operation, which associated with an increased risk of infection rate in healthcare workers. This study aimed at exploring current knowledge, practice and attitudes of healthcare workers in endoscopy units in China regarding the status of occupational protection during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a national online survey involving 717 healthcare workers in endoscopy units from 94 medical structures in 24 provinces and municipalities around China was conducted online via a questionnaire platform called Wenjuanxing (wjx.cn). The data were analyzed using correlation approaches, Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples, and linear regression models.Results: Most Chinese healthcare workers in endoscopy units had a good knowledge of COVID-19 (median: 10; range: 7–12), showed a strikingly positive attitude (median: 65; range: 39–65), and carried out good practice (median: 47; range: 14–50) in strengthening the protection, disinfection and management of COVID-19. In terms of attitudes, female staff was more concerned about protection against COVID-19 than male staff (KW = 8.146, P = 0.004). Nurses performed better in both attitude (KW = 2.600, P = 0.009) and practice (KW = 6.358, P &lt; 0.001) than endoscopic physicians when carrying out personal protection, patient care and environmental disinfection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. More positive attitudes in protection were related to better protective behavior in endoscopic daily medical work (r = 0.312; P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Chinese endoscopy healthcare workers have an excellent mastery of knowledge about COVID-19, which is transformed into positive beliefs and attitudes, contributing to good practice during daily endoscopic procedures. Medical staff may benefit from further education. With the gradual normalization amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, protection and management in endoscopy units may be changed accordingly.

scholarly journals The Ideology within Covid-19 Public Service Advertisements: A Semiotic Approach

HUMANIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
I Komang Sulatra ◽  
Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Informal Method ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

The COVID-19 virus is a new virus linked to the same family of viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The virus is transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets of an infected person and touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. COVID-19 patients in Indonesia continue to grow. The Indonesian government has made efforts to break the chain of the spread of the COVID-19. One of them is by creating COVID-19 public service advertisements. Public service advertisement plays an important role in this pandemic to spread positivity which can motivate people to survive in this difficult time. This study aims at analyzing the ideology within COVID-19 public service advertisements by analyzing the meaning of verbal and visual signs used in those advertisements. The data were taken from five selected posters of COVID-19 public service advertisements. The data were collected by observation method and analyzed by qualitative method using theory of Semiotic proposed by Barthes (1998) and theory about ideology by Storey (2009). The analysis is presented in informal method. Our finding shows there are various ideologies used in COVID-19 public service advertisements, such as: prevention is better that cure, the ideology of being cooperative, responsible, productive and optimistic in facing COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 public service advertisements generally deliver a massage that together we can defeat COVID-19.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document