scholarly journals Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in Plant: Molecular Mechanism, Regulation, and Cellular Dysfunction in Response to Development and Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Mondal ◽  
Sreya Antony ◽  
Sovan Roy ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Abiotic Stimuli ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction

Programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a genetically programmed cellular process. Though in the plant, a true caspase system is lacking, still PCD can occur throughout the life cycle at any cell type, tissue, and organ part in response to a wide range of stimuli. Here we have discussed the current understanding of plant PCD in terms of different pathways, cellular dysfunction, regulation, and signaling mechanisms. Our present study discussed how and to what extent PCD is involved in pre-zygotic and post-zygotic plant life cycle and emphasized to what extent PCD modulated in response to abiotic and biotic stress. Additionally, the expression profile of different PCD-associated genes that are modulated by developmental stage, biotic-abiotic stress, cellular metabolites are also elucidated. Hence, this study will be helpful for understanding the molecular and structural instincts of PCD in different stages of plant growth and development, response to biotic/abiotic stimuli, and cellular dysfunction.

Mitochondrial quality control in aging and lifespan control of the fungal aging model Podospora anserina

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz D. Osiewacz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Podospora Anserina ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Hierarchical Manner

Aging of biological systems is a fundamental process controlled by a complex network of molecular pathways. In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, a model in which organismal aging can conveniently be analysed, mitochondria play a central role. A wide range of relevant pathways were identified that contribute to the maintenance of a population of functional mitochondria. These pathways act in a hierarchical manner, but all the pathways are limited in capacity. At the end of the life cycle, when the various surveillance pathways are overwhelmed and damage has passed certain thresholds, programmed cell death brings the life of individual P. anserina to an end.

Autoreactive blood cells and programmed cell death in growth and development of protochordates

1988 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Harp ◽  
Craig B. Tsuchida ◽  
Irving L. Weissman ◽  
Virginia L. Scofield
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Growth And Development

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of methods for certification of transplanted cell lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Markova ◽  
V.T. Nochevny ◽  
B.L. Manin ◽  
I.N. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Wide Range

The article presents the results of certification of two trofovariants of MDVK cell lines with the help of traditional method and flow cytometry. Research object was the test cultures MDBK-E and MDBK-B, which passed 30 and 43 passages, respectively, after cryopreservation. The traditional method of attestation of transplanted cell lines, widely used in practice, is rather laborious and requires significant expenditures of labor, money and time. The flow cytometry method is based on a wide range of cytochemical and fluorescent methods for the analysis of sizes, granularity, phases of the cell cycle, structural components (DNA, RNA, protein), cell apoptosis and a number of other indicators. It was experimentally established that the sublines of MDBK-E and MDBK-B cells differed in cultural, cytomorphological and karyological parameters, as well as in contamination by foreign agents and sensitivity to parainfluenza-3 viruses and infectious rhinotracheitis in cattle. Analysis of histograms of cell distribution depending on the DNA content showed that the studied lines MDBK-E and MDBK-B did not exceed the standard indicator in terms of apoptosis and were at the level of 3,9 and 6,8%, respectively. Cells of the MDBK-E line did not contain viral and mycoplasma contamination, were characterized by a pronounced growth potential, retained the original cell morphology and were the most promising substrate for the production of antigens of parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis in cattle. Analysis of granularity distribution results testified to the violation of the division processes and the appearance in the population of the subline MDBK-B of abnormal cells, as well as inadequate conditions for maintaining the test culture. It has been established that the flow cytometry method is objective and quite promising in the selection of culture models that meet the requirements of domestic and international standards. The revealed correlation between the magnitude of apoptosis, cultural properties and parameters of the cell cycle makes it possible to assess the biological properties of the producer culture as one of the leading factors in the change in programmed cell death. Changes the index of programmed cell death underlies a number of important pathological conditions and degenerative processes.

scholarly journals Targeting Programmed Cell Death to Improve Stem Cell Therapy: Implications for Treating Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xin-xing Wan ◽  
Xi-min Hu ◽  
Wen-juan Zhao ◽  
Xiao-xia Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Wide Range

Stem cell therapies have shown promising therapeutic effects in restoring damaged tissue and promoting functional repair in a wide range of human diseases. Generations of insulin-producing cells and pancreatic progenitors from stem cells are potential therapeutic methods for treating diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. However, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that multiple types of programmed cell death (PCD) existed in stem cells post-transplantation and compromise their therapeutic efficiency, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms in PCD during stem cell transplantation and targeting cell death signaling pathways are vital to successful stem cell therapies. In this review, we highlight the research advances in PCD mechanisms that guide the development of multiple strategies to prevent the loss of stem cells and discuss promising implications for improving stem cell therapy in diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.

Abiotic stress–induced programmed cell death in plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Fatma Yanık ◽  
Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç ◽  
Filiz Vardar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Programmed Cell Death

scholarly journals Insights into Plant Programmed Cell Death Induced by Heavy Metals—Discovering a Terra Incognita

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Klaudia Sychta ◽  
Aneta Słomka ◽  
Elżbieta Kuta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Terra Incognita

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that plays a fundamental role in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Knowledge of plant PCD mechanisms is still very scarce and is incomparable to the large number of studies on PCD mechanisms in animals. Quick and accurate assays, e.g., the TUNEL assay, comet assay, and analysis of caspase-like enzyme activity, enable the differentiation of PCD from necrosis. Two main types of plant PCD, developmental (dPCD) regulated by internal factors, and environmental (ePCD) induced by external stimuli, are distinguished based on the differences in the expression of the conserved PCD-inducing genes. Abiotic stress factors, including heavy metals, induce necrosis or ePCD. Heavy metals induce PCD by triggering oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. ROS that are mainly produced by mitochondria modulate phytotoxicity mechanisms induced by heavy metals. Complex crosstalk between ROS, hormones (ethylene), nitric oxide (NO), and calcium ions evokes PCD, with proteases with caspase-like activity executing PCD in plant cells exposed to heavy metals. This pathway leads to very similar cytological hallmarks of heavy metal induced PCD to PCD induced by other abiotic factors. The forms, hallmarks, mechanisms, and genetic regulation of plant ePCD induced by abiotic stress are reviewed here in detail, with an emphasis on plant cell culture as a suitable model for PCD studies. The similarities and differences between plant and animal PCD are also discussed.

scholarly journals Growth inhibition and induction of programmed cell death in the root of He­lianthus annuus L. triggered by nickel ions and nickel-histidine complexes

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Viera S. Mackievic ◽  
Artur A. Shyker ◽  
Siarhej M. Zvanarou ◽  
Kiryl S. Litskevich ◽  
Oksana A. Turovets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
High Concentrations

Nickel (Ni2+) performs a number of vital functions in plants, but at high concentrations it causes toxic effects and inhibits their growth and development. The problem of nickel contamination has a special place in environmental physiology, since the refuse to use nickel alloys and therefore the reduction of Ni2+ release into the biosphere are practically impossible today. In nature one of the mechanisms of adaptation to the excessive nickel content in the medium is increased synthesis of histidine, which forms chelates with Ni2+. In the present work, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the effects of nickel and nickel-histidine complexes on the growth and development of sunflower roots (Helianthus annuus L.) of Belarusian selection (variety Orion) was carried out. It was established that Ni2+, starting from its level in the medium of 0.3 mmol/L, caused a significant growth inhibition of this agricultural plant. At a nickel concentration in the medium above 3 mmol/L, the growth of sunflower stopped completely. Histidine, introduced together with Ni2+, caused a decrease in the toxicity of this metal for the root system, in some cases shifting by single-order nickel concentrations, causing the same effect. Nickel treatment caused a significant increase in the percentage of cells with programmed cell death symptoms, while histidine inhibited the development of these symptoms. Thus, the concentration dependences of nickel and nickel-histidine complexes effects on root growth and the processes of programmed cell death in the sunflower root were first demonstrated.

scholarly journals Clinical features, treatment, and survival outcome of primary pulmonary NUT midline carcinoma 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Xie ◽  
Liqiang Wang ◽  
Yinyin Qin ◽  
Xinqing Lin ◽  
Zhanhong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Nut Midline Carcinoma ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Objective: NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma, is genetically characterised by NUT midline carcinoma family member 1 (NUTM1) gene rearrangement. NMC can arise from the lungs; however, there is no standard for the management of primary pulmonary NMC. This study aimed to confirm the clinical features and report the treatments, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and outcomes of patients with primary pulmonary NMC. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with primary pulmonary NMC was performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2015 and December 2018. Clinical manifestations as well as radiographic and pathological findings were recorded. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), a predictor for ICI response, was used to determine the tumour mutational burden (TMB). Treatments, especially by immune checkpoint blockade, and patient survival were analysed.Results: Seven patients with primary pulmonary mass (four men and three women) with a mean age of 42 years (range, 23–74) who were diagnosed with NMC according to NUT immunohistochemistry staining were included for analysis. One patient had a rare fusion of CHRM5-NUTM1 by tumour sequencing. A wide range of TMB (1.75–73.81 mutations/Mbp) was observed. The initial treatments included chemotherapy (5/7, 71.4%), surgery (1/7, 14.3%), and radiotherapy (1/7, 14.3%). Five patients (5/7, 71.4%) received ICIs (programmed cell death protein 1 [PD1]/programmed cell death ligand 1 [PDL1] monoclonal antibody) as second- or higher-line treatments. The median overall survival (OS) was 4.1 months (range, 1.5–26.7 months). Conclusions: Patients with primary pulmonary NMC have a poor prognosis and chemotherapy is often preferred. Checkpoint immunotherapy is a good option as the second- or higher-line treatment. TMB seems to be not associated with OS.

scholarly journals Programmed cell death proteins and chronic leukemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
G. Brajuskovic ◽  
Milica Strnad ◽  
Snezana Cerovic ◽  
Stanka Romac
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Chronic Leukemia ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptotic Genes

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a genetically regulated process of cellular suicide. Apoptosis has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions, and mutations in apoptotic genes play important roles in the process of malignant transformation. Chronic leukemia represents a neoplastic disorder caused primarily by defective programmed cell death, as opposed to increased cell proliferation. This paper presents the main results of our ten-year research on the apoptosis of leukemia cells. The research included the morphological aspects of the process, the effect of antineoplastic agents on the induction of apoptosis in leukemia cells and expression analysis of the proteins involved in programmed cell death. Special attention was paid to the expression and interaction of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in leukemia cells. The ultimate aim of the study of apoptosis of leukemic cells is the discovery of new biological agents that might be used in the treatment of chronic leukemia.

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