Popular Memories and Popular History, Indispensable Tools for Understanding Contemporary Chinese History

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-234
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
The Press ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Individual Petition

This chapter examines an example of how minjian memories and minjian historiography transform our knowledge of the history of the Cultural Revolution. In the case of the end of the Rustication movement, many unofficial sources contradict the official version, represented by the press of the time or by the recent TV series Deng Xiaoping. In February 1979, while the People’s Daily published a speech criticizing the Yunnan educated youth who had come to Beijing to demand the right to return to their native cities, on the ground in Yunnan, the educated youths were in fact packing up and going back home by the thousands, after a victorious petitioning movement. This movement of historical importance was never officially acknowledged. In the TV series, the sudden end of the rustication movement is attributed to the wisdom of Deng Xiaoping and the petitioning movement (including strikes, hunger strikes and the sending of delegations) is replaced by the individual petition of a female educated youth wanting to go back home to take care of her gravely ill father who succeeds in touching the heart of a good cadre. The contribution of unofficial sources is thus particularly obvious in this case.

scholarly journals “Liberating the Small Devils”: Red Guard Newspapers and Radical Publics, 1966–1968

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 354-373
Author(s):  
Nicolai Volland
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Test Case ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Red Guard ◽  
And Function ◽  
Chinese Public

AbstractRed Guard newspapers and pamphlets (wenge xiaobao) were a key source for early research on the Cultural Revolution, but they have rarely been analysed in their own right. How did these publications regard their status and function within the larger information ecosystem of the People's Republic, and what is their role in the history of the modern Chinese public sphere? This article focuses on a particular subset of Red Guard papers, namely those published by radical groups within the PRC's press and publication system. These newspapers critiqued the pre-Cultural Revolution press and reflected upon the possible futures of a new, revolutionary Chinese press. Short-lived as these experiments were, they constitute a test case to re-examine the functioning of the public in a decidedly “uncivil” polity. Ultimately, they point to the ambiguous potential of the public for both consensus and conflict, liberation and repression, which characterizes the press in 20th-century China.

17. Remedies and limitation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bermingham ◽  
Carol Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
English Law ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. The Calcutt Committee Report on Privacy and Related Matters (1990) defines privacy as ‘the right of the individual to be protected against intrusion into his personal life or affairs, or those of his family, by direct physical means or by publication of information’. While a number of different torts indirectly address wrongful intrusion into another’s privacy, English law has not directly protected privacy in its own right. It was the Human Rights Act 1998 that has made it possible to use breach of confidence in regulating the publication of private information. This chapter looks at the history of the protection of privacy in English law, discusses the current legal approaches to privacy, examines the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on this developing area of law, and evaluates English law on privacy in an international context.

The Causes and Enlightenment of Chinese Cultural Revolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yan Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Chinese Cultural Revolution ◽  
The Right

China’s cultural revolution, which took place in the 20th century, is bound to be one of the major historical events in Chinese history due to its long duration, great destruction and far-reaching influence.The debate on the right and wrong of the Chinese cultural revolution has been going on till today.There is a consensus on the depth of its lessons, but it is difficult to get a consensus on its formation and reflection.This paper analyzes the causes of the Chinese cultural revolution from the perspective of history, culture and system, and analyzes the ways to avoid the recurrence of tragedy, so as to think and study the feasibility of the future construction of the rule of law and the harmonious development of human beings in China.

scholarly journals emil wohlwill, galileo and his battle for the copernican system

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 371-373
Author(s):  
hans-werner schütt
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
Great Physicist ◽  
Copernican System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

galileo galilei is one of the few figures in the history of science who has attracted the imagination even of laymen to the natural sciences. the battle of this great physicist against the domination of his church, a battle which he ultimately lost, manifests fundamental human interest that extends beyond the individual. galileo pits the right of the thinking individual against the right of an institution that defends its claim to set norms for individual thinking because it posseses superhuman truths.

A Recent Movement to Redefine the Role and Status of Women

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Croll
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Image ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stated Time ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

At the outset of the recent anti-Confucian and Lin Piao campaign it was forecast that this movement would “ surely create still more •r favourable conditions for the emancipation of women.” x To create conditions advantageous to women the campaign set out to identify the obstacles inhibiting the redefinition of the role and status of women, j The identification of problem areas is not a new element in the history of the women's movement, indeed the problems have been stated time and again. The significance of this campaign lies in its concentrated and analytical attempt to integrate the redefinition of the female role with a nation-wide effort to change the self-image and expectations of both men and women. In this it provides a contrast with the strategy of the previous national campaign, the Cultural Revolution. Historically the women's movement has been very much concerned with raising the confidence of women in their own individual and collective abilities and translating the individual experience of suppression into a coherent analysis of oppression, but there is evidence to suggest that there was too little attention given to the position of women in the Cultural Revolution. For instance many associations and enterprises encouraged their members to believe that so long as overall revolutionary aims were fulfilled, there was no need to pay” particular attention to the position of women.2 The recent campaign and its application to practical problems among both men and women is a new recognition that because of their history of oppression it is still necessary to pay special attention to the restraints that continue to hinder the redefinition of women's role and status in society.

Researches on the Status and Problems of Conservation of Modern Relics and Representative Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6778-6781
Author(s):  
Ning Bai ◽  
Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Complete Chain ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
City Memory ◽  
Opening Up

Excellent buildings in different period recording city memory in different phases, they are connected up and irreplaceable respectively. As the important part of cultural heritage, modern relics and representative buildings pass historical information authentically and play a crucial role in providing historic witnesses. They are carrying a large number of Chinese history and culture sequentially ranging from the Ming, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, the early days of New China, the Cultural Revolution period, the Opening-up Reform to contemporary times. They are either relevant to the major historical events and people, or occupy a certain position in the history of urban development. They are the sections of complete chain of history and culture. Nevertheless, they’re hardly shown on the list of “preserved heritage”. Concurrent with the construction of city, a large number of excellent modern buildings are suffering from demolition and destruction for they were young. Because of our lack of conservation consciousness and actions, many of them are in a devil of hole fragmented. The partially neglect of the conservation of modern cultural heritage is bound to cause the rupture of our tradition and blankness in memory. It is an increasingly urgent trend to save and protect these building heritages without any delay. This paper attempts to discuss the problems of modern relics and representative buildings conservation and improvement of conservation system.

The state of democracy and human rights in the Arab ummah (nation)1

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-535
Author(s):  
Isma’il al-Shatti
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Political Work ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Pro Forma

Arab constitutions, for the most part, specify and guarantee human rights in their wordings. However, the reality of the individual in the Arab nation reveals something quite different from that which is written in the constitutions. The state is charged with providing citizens with sufficient opportunities by granting them the right to participate in political, economic, social and cultural life in addition to rendering the private life and private affairs of individuals inviolable. Arab regimes' commitment to democracy is tenuous and in the main, these regimes preserve reference to democracy in their constitutions simply as a means for improving the image of the regime and as a pro-forma attempt at applying a modus operandi of a modern state. Despite the fact that laws are promulgated to regulate political work, the press and media, and the institutions of civil society, they are deprived of their function and impact through superficial or highly restricted legislation. For more than five decades, academic researches and writings on the obstacles to transitioning to democracy have increased and multiplied; and various ideas and opinions on the subject have been advanced. This article attempts an explanation of the phenomenon of Arab authoritarianism which fostered the crisis of the ‘Arab Spring’ and explores the reasons for the failure of democracy in the region.

Report on Land Reform in El Salvador

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-13 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Current Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

"Profound rural misery will not end," observes Martin Diskin of M. I. T. in his evaluation of land reform in El Salvador. Writing in the Fall issue of Culture and Agriculture, Diskin faults the current program on two accounts. First, "no significant restructuring of rural El Salvador is possible with this plan." The loopholes (the "right of reserve" of former owners to exclude up to 150 hectares from expropriation under Phase 1 of the plan) and insufficiency (Phase 3, "Land to the Tiller," conveys too little acreage to the individual tiller to have any impact on the poverty level) of the program is evident in the texts of the decrees themselves, Diskin notes. Second, implementation has been so poor as to effectively neutralize whatever possibilities the program might have had. Of the announced three phases, Phase 2 has been, in the government's words, "suspended," and Phase 3 is moving slowly through cumbersome and inefficient procedures. "The prognosis for this ‘most sweeping Agrarian reform in the history of Latin America’ is dismal," Diskin concludes.

scholarly journals The Work Of Sohfi Allahyar "Sabot Ul - Ojizin" Is In Harmony With Today's Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Khimmatova Zarina Akhtamovna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Common People ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The article analyzes the solidarity of “Sabot ul – ojizin's” work with the present period, which took an important place in the history of Uzbek enlightenment in the second half of the XVII century and the beginning of the XVIII century in Central Asia, the major representative of the Naqshbandian sect, Sofi Allahyar's "Sabot ul – ojizin". The work of sohfi Allahyar "Sabot ul - ojizin" is a work created due to the spiritual need of his time. The main purpose of the creation of the work is to educate the perfect person, to strive for the perfection of the individual. It is up to the people to start them on the right path by revealing the Enlightenment of the Islamic religion, to encourage them not to fall under the influence of the ideas of the memorization of different currents and fanatic groups. In the article, the work studied the socio – philosophical views aimed at starting the people on the right path, and in turn revealed that at that time for material benefit, he was struggling with enlightenment, occupying the minds of the common people and distributing various superstitious teachings. The article analyzes the ideas put forward in the work" Sabot ul – ojizin", the philosophical views, the solidarity of such enlightened views as leading the people towards perfection with today's times.

scholarly journals Psychological and emotional complex of piano accompanist as a reflection of the PROFESSION EVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (60) ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Zub Halyna
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Musical Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Background. The article studies the accompanist culture as an artistic phenomenon. The accompanist art development processes at the given stage are distinguished by an intensive search for renewal of the content and means of musical expression, coupled with discoveries in composition practices, which puts forward new performance requirements. Scientific novelty is pre-determined by the tasks of detecting the historical origin of the organization of the “backgroundrelief” type in musical structures, specifying the stages of their development. Tracing back the origins of the art of accompanying allows us to reveal a variety of relationship models between the solo singing and accompanying function, which co-exist in various forms in modern artistic practices, thereby depicting the main professional qualities and skills of a piano accompanist. The purpose of this article is to discover the genesis of the types of accompanist art, their historical development, as well as to determine the components that form the basis of the professional activity of the accompanist and to identify major personal qualities characteristic to this profession. It should be noted that the issue of accompanist art is currently only passing the way of scientific comprehension, and we can distinguish a certain historical dynamics: from methodological developments to comprehending the role of an accompanist as an equal member of the ensemble, teacher and creator of original interpretations of compositions. Results of the research. The phenomenon of accompanist art is considered in the paper in terms of its connection with the general history of music. The history of accompaniment and the work of an accompanist should be recognized and studied, since the nature and role of the accompaniment depend on the era, nationality of music and its style. Concertmastering is one of those professions where the duties and modes of action are not clearly expressed, leaving the professional with the right to choose. A striking distinctive feature is the individual path of improvement and the final “bar” of mastery, determined by the traits of the character and personal aspirations of each accompanist. The article discusses the issue of the specific musical and psychological abilities of a concertmaster, which ensure compliance with professional requirements. Conclusions. The development of a theoretical concept of accompanist art will allow this profession to acquire the necessary completeness of permanent features and will open up new prospects for further study of methodological, practical and artistic aspects.

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