scholarly journals Comparison of Epidural Dexmedetomidine Versus Ropivacaine Infusion Effectiveness in Preventing Erection Following Reconstructive Urethral Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houman Teymourian ◽  
Nima Saeedi ◽  
Hojat Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Epidural Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Continuous Epidural Infusion ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Urethral Surgery

Background: One of the most common devastating problems that occur after urethroplasty is erection, which causes surgical complications (fistula, wound dehiscence, and surgical graft failure) and the need for repairing the complications. We attempted to compare the effect of continuous epidural infusion of dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine as a post-surgical erection prevention strategy. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine epidural infusion on the incidence of erection after reconstructive urethral surgery. Methods: An RCT was conducted on 45 patients who were scheduled for reconstructive urethral surgery. They were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control (n = 15), (2) epidural dexmedetomidine (n = 15), (3) and epidural ropivacaine (n = 15). The control group received oral medication after surgery according to the conventional method (cyproterone compound tablets 50 mg BD and diazepam tablets 2 mg TDS for a week) to prevent erection. The DEX group received dexmedetomidine as continuous epidural infusion, and the ROP group received ropivacaine in addition to the conventional method. The occurrence of erection during day and night was recorded separately until the seventh day after surgery. Due to the long-time interval between case selection, participants from different groups were not matched with each other. Results: The incidence of erection in the dexmedetomidine group was lower than that in the ropivacaine group per person (0.87) and significantly lower than in the control group (2.8 per person). Also, there was significantly less erection in the ropivacaine group (1.2 per person) than in the control group. Our study showed that erection after surgery significantly decreased with the continuous epidural infusion of dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine seems to have a significant preventive effect on erection after reconstructive urethral surgery.

scholarly journals The Comparison of learning radiographic extraoral landmarks through two methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmineh Razi ◽  
Alireza Sighari Deljavan
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Combination Technique ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The University ◽  
Short Time

Objectives: The long time interval between teaching anatomy courses to students and the courses on extraoral radiographs results in forgetting the location of radiographic anatomic landmarks without any retention; therefore, it is necessary to use other educational techniques due to short duration of educational courses. To this end, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of a combination of lectures and computer techniques on teaching extraoral radiographs to undergraduate dental students. Methods: In the present interventional study, dental students entering the university in the same year (referred to as one class) were divided into two groups; one group received conventional teaching and one group received combinational teaching technique. Students entering the next year were taught using the same teaching techniques. The results were compared between groups and classes. Results: Comparison of the results of the first test between the two classes showed significant differences between the two groups (P<0.001). Comparison of the results of the second test between the two classes revealed no significant differences in the conventional method (P=0.76); however, the combination technique exhibited significant differences (P=0.006). In the first test, comparison of the two techniques in the students entering the university in 2006 showed no significant differences (P=0.055); however, students entering the university in 2007 exhibited significant differences (P=0.03). In the second test, comparison of the two techniques in both classes revealed significant differences (P<0.001).Conclusion: If more time is allocated to the combination technique, learning improves even in a short time. This method can replace the conventional method to teach interpretation of extraoral radiographs after evaluation of academic level of the studies. Keywords: Computer-assisted learning; extra-oral radiography; lecture;

An Adaptive and Learning System for Feedback-Controlled Evoked Response Studies

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
G. Pfurtscheixer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Background Eeg

The shape, latency and amplitude of changes in electrical brain activity related to a stimulus (Evoked Potential) depend both on the stimulus parameters and on the background EEG at the time of stimulation. An adaptive, learnable stimulation system is introduced, whereby the subject is stimulated (e.g. with light), whenever the EEG power is subthreshold and minimal. Additionally, the system is conceived in such a way that a certain number of stimuli could be given within a particular time interval. Related to this time criterion, the threshold specific for each subject is calculated at the beginning of the experiment (preprocessing) and adapted to the EEG power during the processing mode because of long-time fluctuations and trends in the EEG. The process of adaptation is directed by a table which contains the necessary correction numbers for the threshold. Experiences of the stimulation system are reflected in an automatic correction of this table. Because the corrected and improved table is stored after each experiment and is used as the starting table for the next experiment, the system >learns<. The system introduced here can be used both for evoked response studies and for alpha-feedback experiments.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING SQ3R METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranata Royganda Sihaloho And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to discover the effect of applying SQ3R method inreading comprehension. Experimental research design is used as the research method.This research took place at SMA Nasrani 2Medan. There were 2 classes chosen as thesample with 30 students in each class. The classes were divided into two groups namelyexperimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by using SQ3Rmethod and the control group was taught by using conventional method. The instrumentused to collect the data was a set of multiple choice tests, which divided as pre test andpost test. The result of the research was analyzed by using t-test formula. The resultshowed that t-test was higher than t-table (4,23>2,00) at the level of significant 0,05with degree of freedom (df) 58. It means that hypothesis alternative (Ha) is acceptedwhich shows that SQ3R method significantly improves the student’s readingcomprehension.

The Preventive Effect of Fig Leaves’s (Ficus carica L.) towards Colon Histopathological Feature and IL-6 Serum Level on Ulcerative Colitis Induced Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartini Tiono
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Histopathological Feature ◽  
Group I ◽  
Control Group Group

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affects sigmoid colon and rectum. The inflammation process will activate NF-κB and leads to proinflamatory cytokine release such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Fig leaves contain a high level of flavonoid which can prevent NF-κB activation, and further inhibits IL-6 secretion. This research aims to see the preventive effect of methanolic extract of fig leaves towards colon histopathological feature and IL-6 serum level on ulcerative colitis induced mice. Balb/C male mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=5). The treatment groups were dextran suphate sodium (DSS) control group (group I), methanolic extract of Fig leaves dose 28 mg/ day control group (group II), and methanolic extract of Fig leaves dose 7 mg/ day (group III), 14 mg/ day (group IV), and 28 mg/ day (group V) for 14 days, which at the 8th till 14th day were given DSS to induce colitis. The results showed that both of colon mucosal damage and IL-6 serum level of group I were significantly different from other groups (p=0,029). In  conclusion, the methanolic extract of Fig leaves can improve colon mucous damage and decrease IL-6 serum level on ulcerative colitis-induced mice. Keywords: ulcerative colitis, fig leaves, colon mucousal damage, interleukin-6

EFFECT OF WEB BASED INSTRUCTIONS ON ACHIEVEMENT IN SOCIAL STUDIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajwinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the study was to study the Effect of Web based instructions on achievement in Social Studies. The sample consisted of 100 students from Grade 8th of schools affiliated to C.B.S.E of Ferozepur and were randomly split into two groups-control (taught by traditional method) and experimental (taught by Web based instruction) groups. Firstly pre-test was administered on both the groups; then the students in the control group were taught by conventional method while experimental group was taught by Web based instructions. Then post-test was administrated on both the groups. The Statistical techniques were then employed to data collected and analysis and interpretation of the data was done. The result of the study implied that there exists significant difference in achievement in Social Studies based on Web based instructions and conventional method. The study also revealed that there exist significant gender differences in achievement in Social Studies with Web based instructions.

Alteration of intrapancreatic serotonin, homocysteine, TNF-α, and NGF levels as predisposing factors for diabetes following exposure to 900-MHz waves

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110226
Author(s):  
Gholamali Jelodar ◽  
Mansour Azimzadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Radmard ◽  
Narges Darvishhoo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Exposure to mobile phone radiation causes deleterious health effects on biological systems. The objects of this study were to investigate the effect of 900-MHz radiofrequency waves (RFW) emitted from base transceiver station antenna on intrapancreatic homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nerve growth factor (NGF) as predisposing factors involved in pancreatic beta cell damage. Thirty male rats (Sprague-Dawley, 200 ± 10 g) were randomly divided into the control (without any exposure) and exposed groups: short time (2 h/day), long time (4 h/day), and exposed to 900-MHz RFW for 30 consecutive days. On the last days of the experiment, animals were killed and pancreas tissue was dissected out for evaluation of serotonin, Hcy, TNF-α, and NGF. There was a significant decrease in the serotonin and NGF levels in the pancreatic tissue of exposed groups compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). Also, the levels of serotonin and NGF in the long-time exposure were significantly lower than the short-time exposure ( p < 0.05). However, levels of Hcy and TNF-α were significantly increased in the pancreas of exposed groups compared to the control groups ( p < 0.05). Exposure to 900-MHz RFW decreased pancreatic NGF and serotonin levels and increased the proinflammatory markers (Hcy and TNF-α), which can be a predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Optimal Perturbations of an Oceanic Vortex Lens

Fluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Meunier ◽  
Claire Ménesguen ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Sylvie Le Gentil ◽  
Richard Schopp
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Azimuthal Wave ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

The stability properties of a vortex lens are studied in the quasi geostrophic (QG) framework using the generalized stability theory. Optimal perturbations are obtained using a tangent linear QG model and its adjoint. Their fine-scale spatial structures are studied in details. Growth rates of optimal perturbations are shown to be extremely sensitive to the time interval of optimization: The most unstable perturbations are found for time intervals of about 3 days, while the growth rates continuously decrease towards the most unstable normal mode, which is reached after about 170 days. The horizontal structure of the optimal perturbations consists of an intense counter-shear spiralling. It is also extremely sensitive to time interval: for short time intervals, the optimal perturbations are made of a broad spectrum of high azimuthal wave numbers. As the time interval increases, only low azimuthal wave numbers are found. The vertical structures of optimal perturbations exhibit strong layering associated with high vertical wave numbers whatever the time interval. However, the latter parameter plays an important role in the width of the vertical spectrum of the perturbation: short time interval perturbations have a narrow vertical spectrum while long time interval perturbations show a broad range of vertical scales. Optimal perturbations were set as initial perturbations of the vortex lens in a fully non linear QG model. It appears that for short time intervals, the perturbations decay after an initial transient growth, while for longer time intervals, the optimal perturbation keeps on growing, quickly leading to a non-linear regime or exciting lower azimuthal modes, consistent with normal mode instability. Very long time intervals simply behave like the most unstable normal mode. The possible impact of optimal perturbations on layering is also discussed.

Preventive effect of trimetazidine on contrast-induced nephropathy undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly moderate and high risk diabetics stratified by mehran score

Perfusion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 026765912095205
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Shicheng Yang ◽  
Wenyuan Li ◽  
Xiuzhen Men ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Contrast Induced Nephropathy ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

Background: The aim of this research was to use the Mehran risk score to classify elderly diabetics with coronary heart disease to assess the preventive effect of trimetazidine on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in different risk population. Methods: An uncompromised of 760 elderly diabetics that went through PCI were included in this research. The patients were first divided into three groups in the light of MRS: low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk group, then randomized into trimetazidine group and the control group respectively. The first endpoint was the amount of CIN, which is described as a rise in serum creatinine levels by ⩾44.2 μmol/L or ⩾25% ratio within 48 or 72 hours after medication. Second endpoint included differences in creatinine clearance rate (CrCl), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin-C (Cys-C), and the incidence of major adverse events after administration. Results: In the three groups, the incidence of CIN in trimetazidine and control group was 5.0% versus 4.9%(χ2 = 0.005, p > 0.05), 8.0% versus 18.0% (χ2 = 7.685, p < 0.05), 10.4% versus 27.1% (χ2 = 4.376, p < 0.05), respectively. The multivariable logistic regression result demonstrated that trimetazidine intervention was a profitable element of CIN in moderate and high-risk groups (OR = 0.294, 95% CI 0.094-0.920, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our study confirmed that trimetazidine can be considered for preventive treatment of CIN occurrence in elderly diabetics with moderate and high-risk population, while there is no obvious advantage compared with hydration therapy in low-risk patients.

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