scholarly journals Status of Immunity Against the Hepatitis A Virus in Healthy Population: A Report From Southeastern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Bakhshipour ◽  
Narjes Sargolzaie ◽  
Raheleh Rafaiee
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Recently, epidemiological studies on hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection showed the seroprevalence has been changing due to changes in lifestyle. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no published data on the seropositivity of HAV in Zahedan, southeastern Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in Zahedan, southeastern Iran, to provide the required information for better planning in preventive strategies. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using the available sampling method, a total of 250 serum samples (18 years and above) in both the urban and rural areas of Zahedan were evaluated for anti-HAV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Based on the results, it was observed that 228 out of 250 (91.2%) serum samples were positive for HAV IgG antibody. Male gender, family size, parents’ education, mother’s occupation, and history of jaundice before the age of 12 years were associated with positive HAV antibody (P < 0.001). The seroprevalence HAV rates were not statistically different between the residents of urban and rural regions. Conclusions: The seropositivity of HAV is high in both the urban and rural areas of Zahedan, Iran. Therefore, the HAV vaccination of the general population is not necessary. It is recommended to monitor HAV seroprevalence in the general population to determine high-risk groups, including anti-HAV seronegative individuals, for HAV vaccination in the residents of the southeast border.

Dengue epidemic in Malaysia: urban versus rural comparison of dengue immunoglobulin G seroprevalence among Malaysian adults aged 35–74 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 798-811
Author(s):  
Nor Azila Muhammad Azami ◽  
Meng Ling Moi ◽  
Sharifah Azura Salleh ◽  
Hui-min Neoh ◽  
Mohd Arman Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Dengue Epidemic

Abstract Background A periodic serosurvey of dengue seroprevalence is vital to determine the prevalence of dengue in countries where this disease is endemic. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity among healthy Malaysian adults living in urban and rural areas. Methods A total of 2598 serum samples (1417 urban samples, 1181 rural samples) were randomly collected from adults ages 35–74 y. The presence of the dengue IgG antibody and neutralising antibodies to dengue virus (DENV) 1–4 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the plaque reduction neutralisation test assay, respectively. Results The prevalence of dengue IgG seropositivity was 85.39% in urban areas and 83.48% in rural areas. The seropositivity increased with every 10-y increase in age. Ethnicity was associated with dengue seropositivity in urban areas but not in rural areas. The factors associated with dengue seropositivity were sex and working outdoors. In dengue IgG-positive serum samples, 98.39% of the samples had neutralising antibodies against DENV3, but only 70.97% of them had neutralising antibodies against DENV4. Conclusion The high seroprevalence of dengue found in urban and rural areas suggests that both urban and rural communities are vital for establishing and sustaining DENV transmission in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Detection of antibodies to recombinant truncated flagellin and sonicated whole cell antigen of Burkholderia pseudomallei in acute melioidosis and in healthy Bangladeshi individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Md Shariful Alam Jilani ◽  
Tang Thean Hock ◽  
Sraboni Mazumder ◽  
Fahmida Rahman ◽  
Md Mohiuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Cell Antigen ◽  
The Mean

Background and objectives: Several types of Burkholderia pseudomallei antigens have been used to determine the antibody response in acute and asymptomatic cases. In the present study, we have detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to recombinant truncated flagellin antigen (RTFA) of B. pseudomallei in the sera of acute melioidosis cases and healthy individuals from melioidosis endemic areas of Bangladesh by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In parallel, IgG antibody to sonicated whole cell antigen (SWCA) of B. pseudomallei was determined to compare with anti-RTFA antibody. Methodology: Serum samples from culture confirmed melioidosis cases and from healthy individuals aged 21 years and above residing in melioidosis endemic rural areas were included in the study. Serum IgG antibody to RTFA and SWCA of B. pseudomallei was determined by indirect ELISA. Results: Out of 8 culture confirmed acute melioidosis cases, 7 (87.5%) and 8 (100%) were positive for anti-B. pseudomallei IgG antibodies by RTFA and SWCA methods respectively. Among 361 healthy individuals, the rate of seropositivity by RTFA-ELISA was significantly less than that of SWCA-ELISA (16.1% versus 26.8%; p = 0.001). The mean optical density (OD) of RTFA-ELISA of positive cases was significantly less than that of SWCA-ELISA in both melioidosis and healthy individuals (0.79±0.11 versus 2.4±0.08, p = 0.0001; 0.67±0.01 versus 1.27±0.02, p = 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of RTFA-ELISA were 88.9% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that multiple or combination of antigens should be used to study the seroprevalence of B. pseudomallei infection in a community. Also, prospective study is necessary to find out the duration of persistence of antibodies to different antigenic components of B. pseudomallei after exposure. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 47-52

scholarly journals Difference in seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against hepatitis A virus on general population in 1998 and 2019 in Iwate Prefecture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Miyasaka ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida ◽  
Akiko Suzuki ◽  
Yasuhiro Takikawa
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Iwate Prefecture

Abstract Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, a sporadically occurring disease in general populations, is a major cause of acute hepatitis, but rarely causes death. It is important to know the current situation regarding this infection rate among the general population so that an effective strategy and action plan for HAV vaccination or treatment can be established. Here, we investigated the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against HAV (anti-HAV) in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, in 1998 and 2019, and compared the seroprevalence patterns over these past two decades. Methods: Altogether, 777 randomly selected serum samples were obtained from health check-up residents in Iwate prefecture in 1998 and 2019. Serum anti-HAV IgG levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (in 1998) and chemiluminescent immunoassay (in 2019). Results: Altogether, 586 serum samples (278 from males, 308 from females; mean age 53 years; range 30–89 years) and 191 serum samples (96 from males, 95 from females; mean age 54 years; range 30–89 years) from 1998 and 2019 were tested, respectively. The overall anti-HAV IgG prevalence in 2019 [16.8% (95% confidence interval, CI; 1.8–22.8%)] was significantly lower than that in 1998 [47.8% (95% CI 43.7–51.9%)] (p<0.001). Subgroup analysis of each age group showed that the anti-HAV IgG prevalence tended to be low in the young, increased with age, and each age group’s prevalence became older across the two decades. The anti-HAV IgG prevalence for those older than 50 years in 2019 [28.1% (95% CI 11.8–22.8%)] was significantly lower than that in 1998 [75.6% (95% CI 43.7–51.9%)] (p<0.001). Conclusions: A shift toward older across in anti-HA IgG prevalence was observed from 1998 to 2019, revealing that the younger population lacks immunity to HAV. Thus, selective HAV vaccination might be necessary for prevent severe HAV infection.

scholarly journals Serological markers for hepatitis a among captive and free-living wild mammals in the State of Pará, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1635-1646
Author(s):  
Marcella Katheryne Marques Bernal ◽  
◽  
Alex Júnior Souza de Souza ◽  
Heloisa Marceliano Nunes ◽  
Andreza Pinheiro Malheiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
The Impact

The hepatitis A virus (HAV, Hepatovirus A) in humans has a relevant impact on public health, especially in geographic regions with poor basic sanitation, such as the Brazilian Amazon. Isolates related to hepatoviruses have been described in non human primates, chiropterans, marsupials, rodents, marmots, shrews, and terrestrial hedgehogs. However, the circulation of these viruses in the Amazonian mammal fauna remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against this hepatovirus in captive and free-living wild mammals belonging to the orders Didelphimorphia, Primates, Carnivora, and Artiodactyla. Serum samples from 71 animals, from three municipalities in the State of Pará (Belém, Santarém, and Capitão-Poço) were tested for total anti-HAV and anti-HAV IgM through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total anti-HAV antibodies were detected in 29.5% (21/71) of non-human primates, 8.4% (6/71) of carnivores, and 5.6% (4/71) of didelphos. All tayassuidos 0% (0/2) were seronegative. Anti-HAV IgM antibodies were not detected in any of the samples tested. The highest total anti-HAV seropositivity in the municipalities studied was in Santarém with 54.24% (12/22), followed by Capitão Poço with 50% (15/30), and then Belém with 21.05% (4/19). Among the seropositive animals, animals kept in exposure cages showed 43.9% (18/41), quarantined animals with 60% (9/15), and free-living animals with 26.6% (4/15). The serological results indicated a profile of previous exposure to hepatovirus among these animals. Therefore, additional studies to characterize HAV-related viruses in captive and free living wild animals need to be conducted to better understand the impact of the circulation of this virus on human and animal health.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody in 11-15 years old children in Vijayawada and age-related incidence of hepatitis a virus in GGH, Vijayawada

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Srimukhi Anumolu ◽  
Kireeti Jarjapu ◽  
M. A. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intermediate Endemicity ◽  
Ig G

Background: To estimate seropositivity of hepatitis A virus Ig G antibody (HAV Ig G antibody) in 11 to 15 years aged children in Vijayawada.Methods: The study group includes 265 consecutive children aged 11 to 15 years attending GGH, Vijayawada and had a blood sample taken for any reason. The serum samples collected were screened for Anti HAV IgG antibody using commercially available Elisa kit (WANTAI). Information related to various socio demographic factors also were elicited by interview method. All the Anti-Hepatitis A virus IgM antibody positive individuals list are collected from 1stJuly 2015 to 1st august 2017 and were categorized based on age and analysed.Results: The total seropositivity against Hepatitis A virus is 71%. The number of children in the urban population showing IgG antibodies is lower compared to that of rural population (p value-0.028). The highest number of Hepatitis A virus infected population (positive IgM) is between 10-14 years (50), followed by 15-19 years (45) and 5-9 years (43). This shows that there is increased risk of infection in the older age group and there is a shift to 2nd and 3rd decade (p value – 0.045).Conclusions: The seropositivity of HAV IgG antibody in children aged 11-15 years is 71% in Vijayawada. Seroprevalence in the nearby area, Chennai, ten years back was found to be 95% by 12 years of age. This indicates there is a shift from high to intermediate endemicity in Vijayawada. There is need for vaccination in the susceptible individuals. 

Hepatitis A infection in patients with chronic viral liver disease: a cross-sectional study in Jahrom, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. AHMADI VASMEHJANI ◽  
D. JAVESHGHANI ◽  
R. BAHARLOU ◽  
M. SHAYESTEHPOUR ◽  
S. D. MOUSAVINASAB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hcv

SUMMARYInfection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) in patient with chronic liver disease (CLD; due to hepatitis B or hepatitis C) may cause severe disease and fulminant liver failure. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HAV antibodies in patients infected with HCV or HBV in Iran (Jahrom city). A total of 159 patients with underlying CLD were recruited between September 2012 and February 2013. Serum samples were collected from each patient and tested for anti-HAV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of total anti-HAV was 79·2%. Patients aged 20–30 years had the lowest (28·3%) anti-HAV seropositivity and those aged >50 years had the highest (95%) seropositivity. The overall prevalence of anti-HAV in patients with chronic HCV and HBV infection was 93·7% and 77·1%, respectively. The anti-HAV seropositivity in liver cirrhosis patients was 100% compared to CLD patients. Because of low HAV immunity in younger CLD patients, vaccination against HAV should be considered.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in Iranian adolescents: is it time to introduce a vaccine?

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. HOSEINI ◽  
R. KELISHADI ◽  
B. ATAEI ◽  
M. YARAN ◽  
M. E. MOTLAGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nationally Representative

SUMMARYUniversal vaccination of children for hepatitis A virus (HAV) has emerged as a cost-effective strategy to prevent this infection in regions with high incidence of symptomatic disease. Age-specific seroprevalence surveys are practical and reliable methods to estimate the rate of susceptibility in populations, and to help the implementation of vaccination policies. We surveyed the age-specific HAV seroprevalence in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescent students aged 10–18 years. Serum samples (n = 2494) were tested by enzyme immunoassay for total anti-HAV antibody. The overall rate of HAV seropositivity was 64% [95% confidence interval (CI), 62–66), which increased sharply from 14·8% (95% CI 7–23) at age 10 years to 72·9% (95% CI 68–78) at age 13 years, without a significant increase up to age 18 years. No significant difference in HAV seroprevalence was observed between males and females (63% vs. 65·1%), or urban and rural areas (63·4% vs. 65·2%); the seropositivity rate was similar in four different socioeconomic regions of Iran. We conclude that the seroconversion rate of HAV is high in Iranian adolescents and therefore mass vaccination of children may be necessary and should be considered by national health authorities.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospira infection in selected rural and urban areas of Bangladesh by rLipL32 based ELISA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Shakila Tamanna ◽  
Fahmida Rahman ◽  
TH Tang ◽  
Siti Aminah Ahmed ◽  
KC Ang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
North East ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background and objectives: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection with worldwide distribution caused by the Leptospira species and predominant in the tropical and subtropical regions. Information on leptospirosis in Bangladesh is limited. The present study was designed to detect anti-leptospiral antibodies in human serum samples in Bangladeshi population by developing an in-house ELISA using recombinant LipL32 (rLipL32) antigen. The study was conducted from April 2014 to December 2014.Method: Healthy individuals from two rural areas and fever cases from one urban healthcare center were enrolled in the study. Rural health centers were located at Sonargoan and Bajitpur sub-district (Upozilla) of Narayaganj and Kishorganj districts. Sonargoan health center is located 26 km south-east and Bajitpur is located 71 km north-east of Dhaka city. About 1-2 ml of blood was collected with aseptic measure and serum was separated and stored at -200C until used. Anti-leptospiral IgG antibody was determined by recombinant LipL32 (rLipL32) antigen based indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seropositive cases were further confirmed by commercial Leptospira IgG ELISA.Results: The study included 250 febrile cases and 376 healthy individuals from urban and rural areas, respectively. Out of total 626 study population, anti-LipL32 specific IgG antibody was detected in 70 individuals (11.2%). The rate of positivity of anti-LipL32 antibody among the healthy individuals from rural area was 10.6% while the rate was 12.0% in urban febrile population. The rate of positivity in rural and urban population was not significantly (p>0.05) different. Among the urban population, the rate of seropositivity was 9.1% and 16.4% in 21- 40 yrs and above 40 years age group respectively while the rate was 7.2% and 14.0% in rural population respectively. Out of 70 seropositive cases detected by LipL32 ELISA, 65 (92.9%) were positive by commercial ELISA.Conclusion: The present study has revealed that leptospirosis is prevalent in Bangladesh and should be looked for in febrile and clinically suspected cases. The study has also demonstrated that rLipL32 protein may be used as a candidate antigen for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(2): 50-55

Hepatitis A Seroprevalence Rate in Syria

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Antaki ◽  
Mohamad Kamel Kebbewar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Syrian Population ◽  
The Developed Countries

Hepatitis A is a benign infection, which in the developing world affects mainly children; the majority of adults are immune by the age of 30. In the last decade or so, a shift in the prevalence pattern of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection from a low- to a high-age group has appeared in the developed countries. This shift has been attributed to an improvement in the socio-economic and hygienic conditions. In the present study, 849 Syrians of all age groups and both sexes were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique for the seroprevalence of hepatitis A IgG antibody (anti-HAV IgG). It was observed that anti-HAV IgG was present in 89% Syrian population; with 50% in the 1–5 year age group and 95% in the 11–15 year age group. These results demonstrate that HAV infection in Syria is mostly acquired during childhood. As yet there is no serological evidence of a shift in HAV infection from a younger to a higher age group.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Hepatitis E virus infection in patients screened for Hepatitis A virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-202
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar Shetty ◽  
Jeshma Crasta Kannur
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples

: Infectious hepatitis can be caused by Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E viruses. Hepatitis E infection is a water-borne disease transmitted by faeco-oral route. It is a cause of major health problems in developing countries. Outbreaks can happen due to improper hygiene and poor sanitation. Hepatitis E infection shows similar mode of transmission and clinical features of Hepatitis A infection. : This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Hepatitis E virus infection in patients screened for hepatitis A virus.: This prospective surveillance study was conducted between March 2020 to March 2021 on 57 serum samples which is came for the screening of anti-Hepatitis A virus IgM by enhanced Chemiluminescence method. These samples were collected and tested for anti- Hepatitis E virus IgM by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.: Among 57 samples, 11 samples (19.3%) were positive for Hepatitis A Virus IgM, 13 samples (22.8%) were positive for Hepatitis E virus IgM, and 7 samples (12.3%) were positive for both.: Hepatitis E virus infections were more than Hepatitis A virus. Hepatitis E and Hepatitis A virus co- infection was also observed. Screening of both viruses is suggested for infectious hepatitis.

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