Cheap Nano-Adsorbents Based on Zno/Mineral Nanocomposites for Removal of Chloroform from Water Solution

Background: Chloroform, as a hazardous chemical, can contaminate water resources via the reaction of chlorine as an antiseptic chemical with humic acids resulted from agricultural activities. In humans, chloroform may cause dizziness, heart disorders, and disorders of the nervous system. Hence, its removal is of crucial importance. Objectives: The current study aimed to propose cheap and efficient adsorbents to remove chloroform from water. Methods: Four different nanomaterials (ZnO, ZnO/graphene oxide (ZnO/GO), ZnO/GO/Zeolite, and GO/Zeolite nanocomposites) were prepared and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images. Textural properties of the nano- adsorbents were evaluated using Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) techniques. Different isotherms and kinetic models were studied. The effect of pH on the removal efficiency of the nano-adsorbents was tested. Regenerability of the nano-adsorbents towards the removal of the chloroform was also evaluated. Results: XRD patterns and FESEM images of the nanocomposites confirmed lattice structures and nanoscale particle size of the prepared nanocomposites. According to the BET and BJH models, all samples had mesoporous structures. The BJH cumulative surface area of pores of ZnO, ZnO/GO, ZnO/GO/Zeolite, and GO/Zeolite nanocomposites were 8.5, 26.4, 17.2, and 20.8 m2/g, respectively. The best removal speed and efficiency were obtained according to the different isotherm and kinetic models for the removal of chloroform ZnO/GO nanocomposites. All adsorbents revealed characteristic adsorption in the pH range of 7 to 8. Conclusion: The ZnO/GO, a cheap and efficient nanocomposite, showed the best performance to remove chloroform from water samples due to its superior textural property. Hence, it can be used to remove chloroform from water for up to 5 cycles.

Download Full-text

Adsorption of strontium on different sodium-enriched bentonites

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc161010008m ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 449-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sanja Marinovic ◽

Marija Ajdukovic ◽

Natasa Jovic-Jovicic ◽

Tihana Mudrinic ◽

Bojana Nedic-Vasiljevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Textural Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Order Model ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Ph Range

Bentonites from three different deposits (Wyoming, TX, USA and Bogovina, Serbia) with similar cation exchange capacities were sodium enriched and tested as adsorbents for Sr2+ in aqueous solutions. X-Ray diffraction analysis confirmed successful Na-exchange. The textural properties of the bentonite samples were determined using low-temperature the nitrogen physisorption method. Significant differences in the textural properties between the different sodium enriched bentonites were found. Adsorption was investigated with respect to adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and the initial concentration of Sr2+. The adsorption capacity increased with pH. In the pH range from 4.0?8.5, the amount of adsorbed Sr2+ was almost constant but 2?3 times smaller than at pH ?11. Further experiments were performed at the unadjusted pH since extreme alkaline conditions are environmentally hostile and inapplicable in real systems. The adsorption capacity of all the investigated adsorbents toward Sr2+ was similar under the investigated conditions, regardless of significant differences in the specific surface areas. It was shown and confirmed by the Dubinin?Radushkevich model that the cation exchange mechanism was the dominant mechanism of Sr2+ adsorption. Their developed microporous structures contributed to the Sr2+ adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model. The isotherm data were best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model.

Download Full-text

Synthesis of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles and its Supercapacitive Properties

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1733 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 275-277 ◽

pp. 1733-1736 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zi Tao Yang ◽

Bo Wen Cheng ◽

Yong Nan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Water Solution ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Galvanostatic Charge ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Nife2o4 Nanoparticles ◽

Diffraction Peaks ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Charge Discharge

NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal decomposition of a gel of Ni-Fe-EG (EG=ethylene glycol) in water solution. The crystal structure and morphologies of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All the diffraction peaks in XRD patterns revealed that the as-synthesized nanoparticles were pure NiFe2O4. TEM images disclosed that the particle sizes of the nanoparticles were in the range of 10 − 25nm. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge results tested in 6M KOH solution revealed a double layer capacitive behavior and a revisable charge/discharge property.

Download Full-text

Modified Natural Dolomite and Its Influence on the Production of Glycerol Carbonate: Effects of Structural and Basicity Properties

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2358

Author(s):

Julio González-García ◽

Lifang Chen ◽

Omar Campuzano-Calderon ◽

Sara Núñez-Correa ◽

Enrique A. López-Guajardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Formation Rate ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Rietveld Analysis ◽

Glycerol Carbonate ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Carbonate Formation ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Surface Basicity ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Selection Of

A systematic study over different treatment conditions, including hydrothermal and acid-thermal, was successfully carried out to determine the most suitable conditions to enhance the textural properties and surface chemical composition of natural dolomite. The reconstruction of dolomite after various treatments enhanced the surface area by 4–5 times and diminished the pore diameter between 70% and 81% compared to the untreated parent dolomite. The Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed changes in the crystalline compositions after each treatment. When the treated dolomite was used as a catalyst to produce glycerol carbonate via a transesterification reaction of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate, the crystalline Ca(OH)2 concentration of the modified dolomite and the apparent glycerol carbonate formation rate (rgc) are well-correlated. The results suggest that an increase of the crystalline Ca(OH)2 concentration could be related with surface basicity at the weak and moderate strength sites that may lead to an increase in catalytic activity. The hydrothermal treated dolomite showed a selectivity of glycerol carbonate greater than 99% and rgc value 3.42 mmol/min·gcat, which was higher than that achieved on other samples. This study could aid to the proper selection of dolomite treatment for the desired crystalline composition, depending on the applications of this highly available mineral.

Download Full-text

Ternary Hydrotalcites in the Multicomponent Synthesis of 4H-Pyrans

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10010070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eliana Nope ◽

Ángel G. Sathicq ◽

José J. Martínez ◽

Hugo A. Rojas ◽

Rafael Luque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Divalent Cations ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Ni Catalyst ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Multicomponent Synthesis ◽

Solvent Free Conditions ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

Double Hydroxides

Lamellar double hydroxides (LDH) with double divalent cations were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and studied in the multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyrans. The solids obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption isotherms, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of LDHs in which the incorporation of Ni2+ or Co2+ improves their crystalline and textural properties. The results of catalytic activity showed that the synthesis of 4H-pyrans is favored in solvent-free conditions with the LDH–Ni catalyst, avoiding calcination processes. In addition, it was found that hydrotalcite with double divalent cations can conduct this reaction through multicomponent synthesis or by the Michael addition reaction, which can be performed by different types of basicity that depend on the composition of another divalent cation in the brucite layer or a calcination process.

Download Full-text

Structural and Magnetic Hysteresis Properties of Co-Zr Substituted Hexagonal Barium Ferrites

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v7i1.1739 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1346-1351

Author(s):

Ch.Gopal Reddy ◽

Ch. Venkateshwarlu ◽

P. Vijaya Bhasker Reddy

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Single Phase ◽

Magnetic Hysteresis ◽

Grain Morphology ◽

Hexagonal Structure ◽

Ion Composition ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ceramic Method ◽

Barium Ferrites ◽

Xrd Patterns

Co-Zr substituted M-type hexagonal barium ferrites, with chemical formula BaCoxZrxFe12-2xO19 (where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0), have been synthesized by double sintering ceramic method. The crystallographic properties, grain morphology and magnetic properties of these ferrites have been investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD patterns confirm the single phase with hexagonal structure of prepared ferrites. The magnetic properties have been investigated as a function of Co and Zr ion composition at an applied field in the range of 20 KOe. These studies indicate that the saturation magnetization (Ms) in the samples increases initially up to the Co-Zr composition of x=0.6 and decreases thereafter. On the other hand, the coercivity (Hc) and Remanent magnetization (Mr) are found to decrease continuously with increasing Co-Zr content. This property is most useful in permanent magnetic recording. The observed results are explained on the basis of site occupation of Co and Zr ions in the samples.

Download Full-text

Silica Monolith for the Removal of Pollutants from Gas and Aqueous Phases

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1316

Author(s):

Vanessa Miglio ◽

Chiara Zaccone ◽

Chiara Vittoni ◽

Ilaria Braschi ◽

Enrico Buscaroli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhodamine B ◽

Water Solution ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Adsorption Properties ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Silica Monoliths ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Gaseous Toluene ◽

Mcm 41

This study focused on the application of mesoporous silica monoliths for the removal of organic pollutants. The physico-chemical textural and surface properties of the monoliths were investigated. The homogeneity of the textural properties along the entire length of the monoliths was assessed, as well as the reproducibility of the synthesis method. The adsorption properties of the monoliths for gaseous toluene, as a model of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), were evaluated and compared to those of a reference meso-structured silica powder (MCM-41) of commercial origin. Silica monoliths adsorbed comparable amounts of toluene with respect to MCM-41, with better performances at low pressure. Finally, considering their potential application in water phase, the adsorption properties of monoliths toward Rhodamine B, selected as a model molecule of water soluble pollutants, were studied together with their stability in water. After 24 h of contact, the silica monoliths were able to adsorb up to the 70% of 1.5 × 10−2 mM Rhodamine B in water solution.

Download Full-text

Influence of Li2CO3 addition on electrical and magnetic properties of Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4

Journal of Advanced Dielectrics ◽

10.1142/s2010135x20500034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 2050003

Author(s):

M. R. Hassan ◽

M. T. Islam ◽

M. N. I. Khan

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Single Phase ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Solid State Reaction Method ◽

Charge Carriers ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Electrical And Magnetic Properties ◽

Frequency Regime ◽

Xrd Patterns

In this research, influence of adding Li2CO3 (at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) on electrical and magnetic properties of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Fe2O4 (with 60% Ni and 40% Mg) ferrite has been studied. The samples are prepared by solid state reaction method and sintered at 1300∘C for 6[Formula: see text]h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show the samples belong to single-phase cubic structure without any impurity phase. The magnetic properties (saturation magnetization and coercivity) of the samples have been investigated by VSM and found that the higher concentration of Li2CO3 reduces the hysteresis loss. DC resistivity increases with Li2CO3 contents whereas it decreases initially and then becomes constant at lower value with temperature which indicates that the studied samples are semiconductor. The dielectric dispersion occurs at a low-frequency regime and the loss peaks are formed in a higher frequency regime, which are due to the presence of resonance between applied frequency and hopping frequency of charge carriers. Notably, the loss peaks are shifted to the lower frequency with Li2CO3 additions.

Download Full-text

Determination of crystallinity of Chinese handmade papers by means of X-ray diffraction

Restaurator International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material ◽

10.1515/res-2019-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 69-86

Author(s):

Peng Liu ◽

Hongbin Zhang ◽

Sinong Wang ◽

Hui Yu ◽

Bingjie Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Influence ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Eulaliopsis Binata ◽

Different Types ◽

Powder Samples ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Xrd Method

AbstractThe crystallinity indices (CrI) of Chinese handmade papers were investigated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Four Chinese handmade papers, Yingchun, Zhuma, Yuanshu and Longxucao papers were used as model substrates of mulberry bark, ramie, bamboo and Eulaliopsis binata papers, respectively. Two forms of the paper samples, paper sheets and their comminuted powders, were used in this study. The results showed that their XRD patterns belong to the cellulose-I type and Iβ dominates the cellulose microstructure of these paper samples. Moreover, it was found that the microstructures and CrIs of cellulose of these papers were changed by the grinding treatment. This work suggested that the sheet form of the handmade papers is suitable to determine CrI by XRD, despite the contribution of non-cellulosic components in the papers. The order of CrIs for these paper sheet samples was Yingchun, Zhuma, Longxucao and Yuanshu papers. Besides CrIs, differences in cross-sectional areas of the crystalline zone of cellulose can be used for comparing different types of handmade papers. It was also found that the CrIs and crystallite size of paper cellulose varied between the sheet samples and the powder samples, illustrating that the pulverisation has a negative influence on the microstructure of the handmade papers.

Download Full-text

A Fast Synthesis and Sintering of Mg2Si1−xSnx (0≤x≤1.0) Solid Solutions by Microwave Irradiation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.417 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 197-198 ◽

pp. 417-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shu Cai Zhou ◽

Chen Guang Bai ◽

Chun Lin Fu

Keyword(s):

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Solid Solutions ◽

Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽

Green Density ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Power Setting ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Heating Behavior ◽

Fast Synthesis ◽

Lower Heating

In order to reduce the oxidizing and volatilizing caused by Mg element in the traditional methods for synthesizing Mg2Sil-xSnxsolid solutions, Mg2Sil-xSnxsolid solutions have been prepared by Microwave-assisted Synthesis techniques. The heating behavior of Mg, Si and Sn fixed powder was investigated under microwave irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the powders. The results suggest that the temperature-rising rate is also dependent on the initial green density and higher green density provides lower heating rate while power setting are fixed. XRD patterns show that Mg2Sil-xSnxsolid solutions have been well formed under microwave irradiation.

Download Full-text