scholarly journals Bacterial Causative Agents of Neonatal Sepsis and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) and Neonatal Wards in Iran: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Akya ◽  
Mosayeb Rostamian ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Mahnaz Ahmadi ◽  
Maryam Janatolmakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Causative Agents

Context: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the bacterial causative agents of neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility in Iran. Material and Methods: We searched all previously published papers to gather related information on Iranian neonatal sepsis in international and national databases (in both Persian and English) from 2006 to 2018. The standard STROBE checklist was used for quality assessment. The data were analyzed by statistical methods with a random-effects model using Stata 14 software. Results: A total of 89,472 neonates with sepsis (presented in 17 studies) were included in this systematic review. The mortality rate of neonates was 28.0%. The proportions of neonatal sepsis caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were 66.0% and 33.0%, respectively. The most common bacteria causing neonatal sepsis were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). Conclusions: Gram-negative bacteria are the most common causes of neonatal sepsis in Iran. Imipenem is the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacilli and vancomycin against Gram-positive cocci causing neonatal sepsis in Iran.

scholarly journals Neonatal septicemia and current scenario of antibiotic sensitivity pattern – A study of blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Madhulika Mistry ◽  
Arpita Bhattacharya ◽  
Twinkle Kumar Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Current Scenario

Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon onset of symptoms- before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal septicemia are changing time-to-time and place-to-place. This study is aimed to know the current scenario of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern for determining effective treatment, hence reducing burden of antibiotic resistance.This is a Retrospective study. Data was collected from Bacteriology lab, PDUMC Rajkot (May 2020 – May 2021). Blood cultures were performed on suspected neonates. Both BACTEC and conventional methods were used. Organisms were isolated by standard microbiological protocols and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI- 2020/2021 guidelines. Total 1402 samples were screened. 326 were positive (23.25%). 214(65.64%) were male and 112(34.36%) were female. CONS (32.21%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella (19.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.10%), E. coli (15.95%), Acinetobacter (12.27%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.84%). EONS was seen in 195(59.82%) cases and LONS was seen in 131(40.18%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant in EONS (76.28%) and gram-positive bacteria is predominant in LONS (64.12%). Gram negative isolates are mostly susceptible to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime. Gram positive isolates mostly showed sensitivity to Vancomycin, Linezolid.Multi-drug resistant organism are emerging in neonatal septicemia. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to avoid the upcoming treatment difficulties.

scholarly journals Bacteraemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates from patients visiting a private hospital of Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Nandalal Jaishi ◽  
Pramila Pathak ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents

Background: Bacteraemia can develop a broad array of complications that may be difficult to recognize initially and can increase morbidity. The study was thus conducted to identify the causative agents of bacteraemia and to assess antibiogram of the isolates among the patients suspected of blood stream infection visiting Everest hospital, New Baneshwor Kathmandu. Methods: Altogether 400 blood cultures were processed during March, 2015 to August, 2015. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) was followed during the processing of the specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method with Muller-Hinton agar using the guidelines and interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2013). Result: The positivity of blood culture was found to be 48 (12%). Gram negative bacterial were found to be more predominant 27(56.2%) than gram positive bacteria 21(43.7%) in causing bacteraemia. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 15 (31.2%) followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A 10 (20.8%) and Salmonella Typhi 8 (16.6%), E. coli & CoNS 4 (8.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (6.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae & Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 (4.1%) respectively. All gram-positive isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefoxitin, Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin followed by Ampicillin (90.42%), Erythromycin (85.71%), Ciprofloxacin (83.33%), Doxycycline (75%) and Cephalexin (70.58%) whereas gram negative isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone followed by Chloramphenicol (92%), Gentamicin (88.8%), Cefixime (85.71%), Ofloxacin (83.3%) and Amoxycillin and Ciprofloxacin (71.3%) Conclusion: The isolation of etiological agents of blood stream infection should be assessed by proper microbiological analysis and it would be helpful for controlling of the outbreaks of resistance strains through effective empirical therapy.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and their Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Hospital in Wah

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Saba Mushtaq ◽  
Sohail Ashraf ◽  
Lubna Ghazal ◽  
Rida Zahid ◽  
Basharat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms and signs of infection during the first month of life. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of commonly isolated bacteria from patients of neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility patterns in POF hospital at Wah. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Neonatal intensive care unit and Microbiology laboratory from January 2018 to December 2019. The blood samples of patients suspected with neonatal sepsis were processed as per standard methodology. Results: Out of ninety blood samples, fifty-one (56.7%) yielded the growth of Gram-negative rods and thirty-nine (43.3%) yielded Gram-positive cocci. Among Gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogen isolated from 53.8% cases followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (54.90%) was the most frequently identified bacteria followed by Serratia marcescens (27.45%). The Gram-positive cocci were the most susceptible to linezolid (100%) followed by vancomycin (87.2%). The Gram-negative rods depict remarkable resistance to ciprofloxacin (92.2%), gentamicin (100%), and meropenem (54.9%). Conclusions: The study concluded a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria as a causative agent of neonatal sepsis in our setup. The bacterial isolates are highly resistant to commonly prescribed oral as well as injectable antibiotics. Implementation of infection control policies is a dire need to combat the grave situation of increasing antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF CRP AND PLATELET COUNT IN EARLY NEONATAL SEPSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Walchand Shaha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Prospective Study

Material and Methods: A Prospective study was performed in the department of Pediatrics in territory care institute for the duration of 8 months. Forty newborns were included in the study group to satisfy including criteria. Before antibiotic treatment, neonates CRP and platelet count were assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Out of the 40 cases, 22 were male babies, and the rest 18 were female. Blood culture was positive in 19 out of the 40 cases, CRP was positive in 21 cases, and thrombocytopenia was observed in 16 cases.  Klebsiella is the commonest gram organism causing sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The Gram-positive organisms grown are Coagulase Positive and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Group B Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus, and Enterococcus. Out of 16 thrombocytopenia neonatal, 15 shows Gram-negative and 1 shows gram-positive blood culture. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of C-reactive protein can be used as an early marker of sepsis, especially in resource-limited settings. Although thrombocytopenia occurs predominantly in gram-negative sepsis, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of platelet count to differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative sepsis. Keywords: CRP, Platelet count,blood cultures, sepsis.

scholarly journals Childhood Septicemia in Nepal: Documenting the Bacterial Etiology and Its Susceptibility to Antibiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamshul Ansari ◽  
Hari Prasad Nepal ◽  
Rajendra Gautam ◽  
Sony Shrestha ◽  
Puja Neopane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Introduction. Children are among the most vulnerable population groups to contract illnesses. The varying microbiological pattern of septicemia warrants the need for an ongoing review of the causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to document the bacterial etiology of childhood septicemia and its antibiotic susceptibility profile.Methods.Cross-sectional type of study in 1630 suspected patients was conducted at CMCTH from January 2012 to December 2013. Blood samples were collected aseptically for culture. The organisms grown were identified by standard microbiological methods recommended by American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was confirmed using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks methods.Results.Septicemia was detected in 172 (10.6%) cases. Among Gram-positive organisms, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) were leading pathogen andAcinetobacterspp. were leading pathogen among Gram-negative isolates. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and clindamycin were the most effective antibiotics against Gram-positive isolates while amikacin was effective against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative isolates. Methicillin resistance was detected in 44.4% ofStaphylococcus aureus.Conclusions. This study has highlighted the burden of bacterial etiology for septicemia among children in a tertiary care center of central Nepal.

scholarly journals Study of Antibiotic Susceptibility among Bacterial Isolates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (231) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brajesh Raj Chaudhary ◽  
Kalpana Karmacharya Malla ◽  
Sajan Poudel ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries like Nepal. Antibiotic resistance among microorganisms poses new challenges in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. The present study is conducted with the objectives of determining clinico-bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility among isolated bacteria in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee (Reference Number: 2020-064). The sample size was calculated and 77 neonates with culture-proven sepsis were included in the study. The antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolates were done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data entry was done in Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: Of the 841 specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, tracheal aspirate and pus) processed for culture, bacteria were isolated in 84 (10.0%) specimens. Among the 84, gram-negative bacilli were the predominant isolates 76 (90.5%); of which Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common 27 (32.1%). Both the Gram-negative and the Gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance to Penicillin and Cephalosporins. Gram-negative bacteria showed maximum sensitivity to Colistin, Carbapenems, Tigecycline and Fluoroquinolones. Gram-positive bacteria showed maximum susceptibility to Amikacin, Vancomycin and Carbapenems. Conclusions: Judicious use of antibiotics based on the updated knowledge of prevalent organisms in the local hospital setting and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is of utmost importance for the effective treatment of neonatal sepsis.

scholarly journals Neonatal Sepsis in A Tertiary Care Hospital: Evaluation of Causative Agents and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Begum Sharifun Nahar ◽  
Syeda Afroza ◽  
Sunirmol Roy ◽  
Nurun Nahar ◽  
Tarok Nath Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neonatal Care Unit ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Background: Neonatal sepsis is an important issue with a high morbidity and mortality rate in spite of new advances in antibiotic therapy. Identifying the causative agents and their antibiotic sensitivity in a neonatal care unit (NCU) helps the physician to choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy. Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the etiological agent and antibiotic susceptibilities in newborn with culture positive sepsis. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study carried out in the neonatal care unit (NCU) of Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital (SSMC) from June 2010 to May 2011. Seventy five neonates both preterm and term with culture proven sepsis were analyzed from admitted sick newborn to find out their etiology and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Blood culture was done in the department of Microbiology of the same medical college hospital. Results: In this study, out of 75 cases, early onset sepsis was observed in 55(73.33%) cases. Whereas late onset sepsis was in 20(26.66%) cases. Gram negative organisms were isolated in 59 (78%) of 75 cases. Pseudomonas aeroginosa 27 (46.55%), E Coli 15(25.86%) and Serratia 8 (13.79%) were the common microbes. Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) was 10 (62%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus 6 (38%) were the major Gram positive isolates. Gram negative isolates were sensitive to Imipenem, Ceftazidime and Ciprofloxacin whereas 80 % gram positive isolates were sensitive to Amikacin. Conclusion : It was observed from this study that gram negative organisms like pseudomonas aeroginosa and E.coli were the common organisms for neonatal sepsis in hospitalized neonates and imipenem was the most sensitive drug against gram - ve septicaemia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i1.15346 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2013; VOL 37 (1) : 14-17

scholarly journals Sepsis—A Retrospective Cohort Study of Bloodstream Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biagio Santella ◽  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Gerarda Maria Pirofalo ◽  
Enrica Serretiello ◽  
Carla Zannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Gram Negative

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, among infectious diseases. Local knowledge of the main bacteria involved in BSIs and their associated antibiotic susceptibility patterns is essential to rationalize the empiric antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of infection and evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of the main pathogens involved in BSIs. This study enrolled patients of all ages and both sexes admitted to the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy between January 2015 to December 2019. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed with Vitek 2. A number of 3.949 positive blood cultures were included out of 24,694 total blood cultures from 2015 to 2019. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were identified as the main bacteria that caused BSI (17.4%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (12.3%), Escherichia coli (10.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.4%). Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to Penicillin G and Oxacillin, while Gram-negative strains to Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Amoxicillin-clavulanate. High susceptibility to Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Daptomycin was observed among Gram-positive strains. Fosfomycin showed the best performance to treatment Gram-negative BSIs. Our study found an increase in resistance to the latest generation of antibiotics over the years. This suggests an urgent need to improve antimicrobial management programs to optimize empirical therapy in BSI.

scholarly journals The role of the delta neutrophil index in determining the etiology of neonatal sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Büyükeren ◽  
Hasan Tolga Çelik ◽  
Şule Yiğit ◽  
Oytun Portakal ◽  
Banu Sancak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Immature Granulocyte ◽  
Delta Neutrophil Index

AbstractObjectivesTo demonstrate immature granulocyte (IG) count and delta neutrophil index (DNI) values (novel potential predictive marker for neonatal sepsis) for neonates.MethodsThis prospective controlled clinical study was consisted of 208 patients (77 in the study group and 131 in the control group) who were delivered between January 2016 and January 2018 at the Hacettepe University Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Ankara, Turkey. In this study, we evaluated value of DNI in diagnosing neonatal sepsis by comparing the DNI values in culture positive septic neonates with healthy neonates.ResultsIn our study, the median interquartile range (IQR = 25–75%) DNI was 0.1% (0.0–0.3%) in the control group and 1.5% (1.0–2.45%) in the sepsis group (p < 0.05). In our ROC curve analysis, the cut-off value for the DNI as a sepsis marker was 0.65%, with 96.2% specificity and 97.4% sensitivity. Those patients with gram-negative isolates had significantly higher DNI and IG counts when compared to those patients with gram-positive bacteria (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings indicated that the DNI counts are significant diagnostic biomarkers for neonatal sepsis. They may also have utility in determining the sepsis etiology (differentiating between gram-positive and gram-negative agents).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document