Technoscience: “Where the Danger Is, Grows the Saving Power Also”

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Lada V. Shipovalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
Autonomy Of Science ◽  
Historical Origins

The article is a response to the arguments by O.B. Koshovets and I.E. Frolov on the emergence of "technoscience”. Technoscience is opposed by the authors to the classical science characterized by the dominance of the technological component of research and capitalization of knowledge. The article focuses on two tasks. The first one supposes an appeal to the historical origins of technoscience and demonstrates significant relationship between technoscience and classical science. The second one involves the disclosure of contemporary negative trends of technoscience as creating conditions for their own overcoming. In conclusion it associates the work on the autonomy of science with the constructive dialogue between scientific and non-scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals Achatina fulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Occurrence, environmental aspects and presence of nematodes in Sergipe, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
G. M. Silva ◽  
M. B. Santos ◽  
C. M. Melo ◽  
V. L. S Jeraldo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Vacant Lots ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Collection Time

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of Achatina fulica in the Great Aracaju-SE Territory. This research was developed during the months of June 2016 to May 2017. The plots methodology was used for the monthly collections, following the collection time of 20 minutes per area. The mollusks were measured and soon afterwards the parasitological analysis of the mucus and faeces was performed. Molecular identification was performed to evaluate the possible presence of Angiostrongylus sp. We observed that the occurrence of A. fulica was more representative in urban areas, especially in vacant lots with the presence of litter and decomposing materials. In the specimens of A. fulica examined were male and female nematodes of the genus Rhabditis, in the research municipalities, except in Barra dos Coqueiros. No parasites of the genus Angiostrongylus were found in the mollusks examined. The influence of the presence of litter on the plots associated with the frequency of A. fulica was statistically significant. There was a correlation between the influence of rainfall and the frequency of A. fulica. A significant relationship between moisture and frequency and nematode positivity was identified. It was also observed that the larger the mollusk, the greater the chances of being infected by nematodes. Scientific knowledge about the biology of the A. fulica species associated with human intervention such as the maintenance of land and adequate sanitary measures may be important factors for a better control of this invasive mollusk.

Monopoly of scientific paradigms and goals of scientific knowledge

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Slobodan Negic
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Relativistic Approach ◽  
Autonomy Of Science ◽  
Further Development

The text that has been presented here offers a model of analysis based on the comparison of cumulative and relativistic approach in contemporary methodology and philosophy of science. The analysis is related to some of the most important problems of these disciplines, such as possibility of defining the falsification criteria for scientific theories or growth of scientific knowledge. Therefore, we have Popper (and later Lakatos) on one side, versus Kuhn on the other side. The analysis is conducted in a form of internal critique of uniformistic notion of scientific progress, in compliance with all the normative and formal requests of such argumentation. The emphases has been put on the development of conventionalism in modern science, which led to it's acceptance as a legitimate point of view in contemporary methodology. This happened due to the fact that the criteria for refuting scientific theories where constantly lowered when confronted with logical arguments derived from the very own structure of development of contemporary science. The main thesis of this work explains how aforementioned development of conventionalism implicates certain devastating consequences for methodology itself. Conventionalism encompasses by definition the external (social) factor of influence in every further development of methodology, seriously damaging the autonomy of science and scientific knowledge as well.

scholarly journals Próba przezwyciężenia doktryny podwójnej prawdy przez Galileusza

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Marek Sołtysiak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Autonomy Of Science ◽  
Fides Et Ratio ◽  
Science And Faith

The article is an attempt to answer the question of whether Galileo has overcome the doctrine of double truth in Copernican letters. The answer to this question is not unequivocal, just as the ‘Galileo case’ is unequivocal. As it is well known, the attempt to defend Copernicanism ended tragically for him. He had to revoke his view that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Also, as for the „evidence” presented by him on this matter, it proved to be either insufficient or false. However, the principle of the autonomy of science and faith, his emphasis on the authority of scientific knowledge and the authority of the Bible survived the period of condemnation of his thoughts and made itself felt in the nineteenth century, and today they determine the fides et ratio relation.

scholarly journals Socio-philosophical context of the history of the cultural and anthropological paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Violeta Demeshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Scientific Environment ◽  
Historical Origins

This article examines the state of such a science as anthropology in the modern scientific environment. It outlines a range of interesting issues regarding changes in general, as well as paradigm shifts that occur in modern anthropological knowledge. The article analyzes historical origins of the cultural-anthropological paradigm in the sociophilosophical context. The study notes new directions of anthropology development as a science; it points out that sociocultural reality and its dynamic characteristics are studied within the postmodernity since the aspects of human connections and their environment were not studied within classical anthropological models previously. Modern anthropology can be described as a general anthropology with the numerous branching. Such a modern direction focuses on those integration features that allow to present humanity as a whole. This new direction, developing at the junction of philosophy and anthropological science in general, has developed certain criteria for scientific synthesis. Today, anthropology seeks to synthesize philosophical and scientific knowledge about a man into a single cognitive picture of the world based on the general scientific methods considering comprehensive and systematic approaches.

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Body Fluids Using RT-PCR – An Autopsy Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HETAL KYADA ◽  
MAHESH TRANGADIA ◽  
DIVYESH VADGAMA ◽  
PRATIK VARU ◽  
SHAILESH BHUVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Government College ◽  
Rt Pcr

Abstract World is in mid of dreaded pandemic – Covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. To curb it tremendous efforts has been put worldwide to enhance scientific knowledge related to SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we collected postmortem samples of tracheal swab, vitreous humor, pleural fluid, CSF and pericardial fluid by conducting complete autopsy on 24 patients with known SARS-CoV-2 infection at department of forensic medicine, P.D.U. Government College, Rajkot (India). RT-PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 from these samples. SARS-CoV-2 was detected from tracheal swab in 54.55% cases and from pleural fluid in 13.34% cases. SARS-CoV-2 wasn’t detected from any sample of CSF, vitreous humor and pericardial fluid. Positive and negative cases for postmortem tracheal swabs were analyzed to find out of its relationship with duration of Covid-19 illness. No significant relationship was found between detectability of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem samples of tracheal swab and duration of Covid-19 illness.

The Effects of Significant International Sports Events on Hungarian Suicide Rates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Bozsonyi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Lajos Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

The Draw-A-Person Test and Body Image

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Handelzalts ◽  
Yael Ben-Artzy-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Body Image Scale ◽  
Healthy Female

The Draw-A-Person (DAP) test has been the center of a long-lasting debate regarding its validity. This study investigated the DAP indices of height, width (size), and inclusion/omission of details and their relation to body image as measured by a self-report scale (Gray’s body image scale) and manifested by the diet behaviors and body mass index of 55 healthy female students. Although the drawings of the diet group were smaller, there was no significant relationship between figure size and diet behaviors. However, body image as measured by a self-report scale did result in significant differences between groups. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the size of the figure drawn and body image as measured by a self-report scale (larger figures correlated with better body image). No significant results were found for the omission/inclusion indices of the DAP. These results are discussed in light of previous findings regarding the DAP.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

Family Therapy and Scientific Knowledge: A Loyalty Conflict?

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-469
Author(s):  
Clifford I. Notarius
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Scientific Knowledge
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