scholarly journals Socio-philosophical context of the history of the cultural and anthropological paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Violeta Demeshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Scientific Environment ◽  
Historical Origins

This article examines the state of such a science as anthropology in the modern scientific environment. It outlines a range of interesting issues regarding changes in general, as well as paradigm shifts that occur in modern anthropological knowledge. The article analyzes historical origins of the cultural-anthropological paradigm in the sociophilosophical context. The study notes new directions of anthropology development as a science; it points out that sociocultural reality and its dynamic characteristics are studied within the postmodernity since the aspects of human connections and their environment were not studied within classical anthropological models previously. Modern anthropology can be described as a general anthropology with the numerous branching. Such a modern direction focuses on those integration features that allow to present humanity as a whole. This new direction, developing at the junction of philosophy and anthropological science in general, has developed certain criteria for scientific synthesis. Today, anthropology seeks to synthesize philosophical and scientific knowledge about a man into a single cognitive picture of the world based on the general scientific methods considering comprehensive and systematic approaches.

Bank Marketing: Features, New Trends, and Prospects

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
E. N. Valiev ◽  
E. N. Veysov
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
New Directions ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bank Marketing

The importance of the subject of this study is attributable to the need of developing the theory and practice of formation of bank marketing, its features and new trends associated with this concept. Prospects for the development of banks and their ability to quickly and efficiently address new challenges presented by the market can be determined through modern forms, methods of management and creative use of financial marketing opportunities.Aim. The presented study aims to examine the specific aspects, principles, conditions, factors of emergence, and prospects for the development of bank marketing and forms of its management in modern economic conditions.Tasks. The authors identify the major trends and perspective directions in the development of bank marketing in Azerbaijan at the current stage.Methods. As its methodological and theoretical basis, this study uses a systems approach to the analysis of its subject, conceptual approaches outlined in the works of Azerbaijani, Russian, and foreign scientists in the field of bank marketing. These methods are used to determine the essence of bank marketing, present the types and organization of marketing research, and identify the characteristic traits, new forms, and directions for the development of bank marketing.Results. The study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to identify characteristic traits, trends, and new directions of bank marketing. A review of scientific publications shows that academic papers tend to focus on general conceptual approaches to the practical application of marketing. The authors believe that the issues of organization of a comprehensive bank management system, its implementation based on innovations in the promotion of banking products and services in the financial market, and substantiation of channels for their distribution among consumers are insufficiently explored. This makes the subject of this study extremely relevant due to the inevitable optimization of the organizational structure of banks through comprehensive implementation of the marketing system.Conclusions. Theoretical and practical issues of bank marketing are examined. As a result, the specific features and characteristic traits of this mechanism, conditions and factors for its emergence, and its prospects in the context of the digital economy are analyzed.

scholarly journals The Disputed Middle Ground: Tibetan Mādhyamikas on How to Interpret Nāgārjuna and Candrakīrti

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
John Powers
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Broad Consensus

By the twelfth century, a broad consensus had developed among Tibetan Buddhists: The Middle Way School (Madhyamaka) of Nāgārjuna (c. 2nd century), as interpreted by Candrakīrti (c. 600–650), would be normative in Tibet. However, Tibetans had inherited various trajectories of commentary on Madhyamaka, and schools of thought developed, each with a particular reading. This article will examine some of the major competing philosophical stances, focusing on three figures who represent particularly compelling interpretations, but whose understandings of Madhyamaka are profoundly divergent: Daktsang Sherap Rinchen (1405–1477), Wangchuk Dorjé, the 9th Karmapa (1556–1603), and Purchok Ngawang Jampa (1682–1762). The former two contend that Nāgārjuna’s statement “I have no thesis” (nāsti ca mama pratijñā) means exactly what it says, while the latter advocates what could be termed an “anthropological” approach: Mādhyamikas, when speaking as Mādhyamikas, only report what “the world” says, without taking any stance of their own; but their understanding of Buddhism is based on insight gained through intensive meditation training. This article will focus on how these three philosophers figure in the history of Tibetan Madhyamaka exegesis and how their respective readings of Indic texts incorporate elements of previous work while moving interpretation in new directions.

Lessons of history

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Scott
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This chapter argues that it is important to examine lessons of history with respect to the control and emancipation of labour. The chapter focuses on eight particular lessons. These are purposefully selective. It is not possible within a single chapter to provide a definitive history of work-based control, exploitation and harm. Collectively, the lessons of history show how progress towards reducing work-based exploitation and harm is possible and, indeed, that the world has moved on a long way towards this end. Nevertheless, they also show how difficult it often is to challenge established structures, systems and norms. Related to this, in many instances change has been gradual and incremental; though there are occasional cases (such as the abolition of slavery and development of the trade union movement) where paradigm shifts do occur.

scholarly journals Philosophical and ideological views of Abai: historical and philosophical aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
D. Syzdykovа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
History Of

The authors attempt to consider the philosophical and ideological ideas of the great thinker and humanist Abay Kunanbayev. The analysis of Abay Kunanbayev's work has shown that there are poorly developed aspects, however, without claiming to cover all aspects of the problem comprehensively, the authors made an attempt to study the nature and essence of Abay's philosophical and ideological views in the work "Words of Edification" based on the material of Abay Kunanbayev's work "Words of Edification". The authors focused on the analysis of the philosophical content of the work "Words of Edification". The article uses a philosophical methodology that corresponds to the current level of spiritual and scientific- theoretical culture. The authors implemented scientific methods such as the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the principle of concrete historicism (the unity of historical and logical). Concrete historicism, exploring the history of the subject, considers the logic of the historically developing subject (process), this principle contributes to the active reflection of the historical process. Historicism traces and reproduces the essence of the historical process from the point of view of its formation and development in the system of concepts. Abay's creativity occupies a special place in the world culture, he raised spiritual culture to a new level, gave new examples of reflection of the Kazakh reality. Abai justified a new worldview, new thinking, new values, which are fundamentally different from everything that was in the traditional culture of the Kazakhs. In the work "Words of Edification", the object of criticism is the traditional Kazakh society. Criticism has a constructive character, as a result of which universal problems, ideas of kindness, humanity, compassion, mercy, freedom and responsibility are raised. Abai forms a new approach to the concept of labor. The great thinker showed the role of work in the formation and development of a person, personality, that through work and activity it is possible to comprehend knowledge, science. Abay expressed a new approach to religion, he contrasted blind faith with a reasonable study of Islam, when they accept Iman not only as something sacred, but also know how to protect and strengthen it with reasonable arguments. Abay developed a new ideal of a perfect, true person, "tolyk adam", who strives for knowledge, is a moral person, recognizes freedom of choice and responsibility. The moral code of the great humanist is "Adam Bol". Abay, determining the status of a person in the world, notes that a person's mind, erudition, honor and charm make him beautiful and strong, he focuses on spirituality, knowledge, education and culture.

scholarly journals Information terrorism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Vlasta Leonidovna Goricheva ◽  
Yuliya Andreevna Chernysheva
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Modern Information

The article deals with the actual problem of the spread of information terrorism in the world space. Information terrorism is a new type of criminal activity. Terrorists use modern information resources, the Internet to spread the ideology of terrorism. The general scientific dialectical method and a complex of scientific methods of cognition (system-structural, formal-logical) represent the methodological basis of the research. The results reached by the authors are that in modern conditions the threat of information terrorism has become a reality. Comprehensive prevention of the threat of information terrorism must be carried out within the framework of reforming the country through the widespread automation and digitalization of all life support facilities, as well as the country's integration into international information exchange. In the conclusion, the authors formulated the main conclusions of the study, substantiated the need to develop measures to counter information terrorism.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF THE CUSTOMS SERVICE OF UKRAINE: LAW ENFORCEMENT ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Valeriy KHOMA ◽  
Victor ZAIATS
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Scientific Result ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
The World ◽  
General Scientific

Introduction. The purpose of the customs authorities is to effectively protect society and ensure that appropriate taxes are levied, using, inter alia, the fight against cross-border crime. The way in which the customs carries out its law enforcement mission in combating the above offenses remains in the focus of discussions of the customs administrations – members of the World Customs Organization (hereinafter – WCO), of which Ukraine has been a member since 1992. As a result, there is a growing need for further customs enforcement research and improved, with the support of the WCO Secretariat, exchange of experience and a common approach that will allow customs administrations around the world to unify the methodology they use to identify and mitigate potential institutional risks. The purpose. The article covers the analysis of Ukraine’s own customs service methods and, possibly, taking measures to improve the existing national system, in particular, expanding its legal foundation (assistance to authority) and operational capabilities (options) on which state procedures and practices are based. Methods. In the course of the research, general scientific methods were used, in particular: analysis to determine the content of law enforcement powers of the Customs Service of Ukraine; comparison for the provisions of Ukrainian and international legislation regarding the institutional preconditions for law enforcement activities by national customs services. The synthesis method was used to formulate proposals on the need to improve the customs legislation of Ukraine. Results. The main scientific result of the article is to identify, related to the of customs affairs, shortcomings in the institutional capacity in the field of law enforcement of the Customs Service of Ukraine and determine the prospects for their further elimination. Particular attention is paid to the need to synchronize the provisions of Ukrainian legislation, both among themselves and with the relevant rules in force for Ukraine on customs matters, international agreements. Perspectives. Further research in this direction should be conducted on the basis of the formed theoretical justification of the law enforcement powers of the Customs Service of Ukraine, taking into account the levels of official interaction – departmental, interagency, international.

scholarly journals OFFSHORE TERRITORIES: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Anna Tytko ◽  
Iryna Sukhan ◽  
Marianna Koshchynets
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Offshore Activities

The aim of the article is to analyse and clarify the areas of development of offshore zones in the functioning of the world economic system. The subject of the study is offshore zones and offshore international centres as the locus of laundering of funds obtained by illegal means and their impact on the economy in total. Methodology. The study is based on the use of general scientific and special scientific methods in studying a coherent picture of development and possible trends in the further functioning of offshore zones in the global economic system. General scientific methods such as deduction, induction, analogy, analysis, synthesis enabled to reveal the implication of the world’s offshore zones as a system for laundering illegally obtained funds. The comparative method enabled to distinguish the specific features of offshore zones and offshore international centres and to identify common and distinctive features. The prognostic method allowed forming an original outlook on the advantages and disadvantages of offshore activities. Logical-semantic and dogmatic methods enabled to define the concepts of “offshore jurisdiction”, “offshore zone”, “offshore financial centre” and their specific features. The results of the study enabled to consider offshore zones, offshore financial centres and international financial centres, in terms of their specific features, as certain territories and areas of certain states, where under the exclusive conditions of doing business outside the territory of registration, non-resident entities are granted benefits and privileges in doing business, taxation, registration, and financial reporting, as well as an exclusive privilege of confidentiality. Practical implications. In the study, first, the concepts of “offshore zone”, “offshore financial centre”, “international offshore centre” are defined; second, the scientific approaches to their classification are analysed and compared in the specialized literature, the Fifth Directive is considered as the main legal regulation of money laundering and the BEPS Project; third, the author’s outlook on the positive and negative features of offshore activities and their impact on the world economy are substantiated. Relevance/originality. The author’s approach to the definition of the main features of offshore zones and offshore financial centres through the analysis of their qualitative characteristics is offered to determine the key areas of their development trends.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Medicine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Global History ◽  
Current State ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Traditions

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Medicine celebrates the richness and variety of medical history around the world. In recent decades, the history of medicine has emerged as a rich and mature sub-discipline within history, but the strength of the field has not precluded vigorous debates about methods, themes, and sources. Bringing together over thirty international scholars, this book provides a constructive overview of the current state of these debates, and offers new directions for future scholarship. There are three sections: the first explores the methodological challenges and historiographical debates generated by working in particular historical ages; the second explores the history of medicine in specific regions of the world and their medical traditions, and includes discussion of the ‘global history of medicine’; the final section analyses, from broad chronological and geographical perspectives, both established and emerging historical themes and methodological debates in the history of medicine.

On the Creation of Competitive Business Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
A. E. Gavrilov ◽  
E. A. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Aim. The presented study aims to examine, analyze, and systematize scientific knowledge in the field of infrastructure systems for the formation of conditions for creating competitive modern enterprises based on IT technologies.Tasks. The authors define the concept of innovation infrastructure; analyze the external and internal environment of providing a competitive infrastructure for business structures; determine the specific aspects of the formation of theoretical foundations of infrastructure support for the competitiveness of business structures; examine the potential for the digitalization of the economy in the infrastructure support for the creation of competitiveness of business structures.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to critically analyze modern mechanisms of infrastructure support for the competitive advantages of innovation-oriented business structures.Results. External institutions participating in the innovation process in Russia are examined and typified. Their specific features are identified, and the history of their formation and role in the infrastructure are described. The concept of infrastructure support is examined. A correlation between innovation infrastructure and the creation of the competitive advantages of business structures is established.Conclusions. Based on the examined materials, the authors describe the prospects of using modern information technologies in the design of infrastructure for innovative projects. The study provides recommendations for the transformation of competitiveness support institutions and modernization of the management of the internal elements of innovative business infrastructure in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The authors create prerequisites for the development of an advanced digital application that would combine and balance a lot of data and aspects of infrastructure support for the competitiveness of business structures, improving the efficiency of development of innovative projects, their implementation, and management of business structure competitiveness.

scholarly journals MEASURES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL ENFORCEMENT IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Irina A. Tretyak
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional System

The subject. The article is devoted to different measures of constitutional legal enforce-ment in the constitutional law of Brazil, their analyzing, depending on main goal of coer-cion. The purpose of the paper is to extend constitutional knowledge about measures of consti-tutional legal enforcement and to demonstrate generic character of constitutional legal enforcement theory for different countries. The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, de-scription) and legal methods. The main results and scope of their application. The author describes different measures of constitutional legal enforcement in the constitutional law of Brazil. Constitutions of foreign countries contain various measures of constitutional coercion as the main way to resolve constitutional conflicts. Among the measures of constitutional and legal coercion enshrined in the Brazilian Con-stitution are: holding the President accountable for abuse of power; temporary termina-tion of the powers of the President of the Republic during the process of bringing him to justice; prohibition of the President and Vice-President of the Republic to leave the terri-tory of the country for a certain period without the approval of the Parliament; recognition by the National Congress of the positions of the President and Vice-President as vacant if they fail to exercise their constitutional powers within 10 days of taking office;holding new elections when the positions of the President and Vice-President are declared vacant if they fail to exercise their constitutional powers within 10 days from the date of taking office. Conclusions. Depending on the constitutional system, the history of the state, measures of constitutional coercion may be different in content, but it remains possible to classify such measures depending on the main purpose of their application. The system of measures of constitutional legal enforcement, including measures of prevention, suppres-sion, restoration, responsibility and security is applicable not only for the Russian constitu-tional law, but also for constitutional law of foreign countries, in particular, Brazil.

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