Rhetoric of Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Irina N. Griftsova ◽  
Natalia Yu. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Rhetoric Of Science ◽  
Informal Logic ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Principal Tool ◽  
Sophistic Rhetoric

This contribution examines the status of the rhetoric of science in two contexts. The first one is the effect that the changing interpretation of logic (the changing 'image of logic') has had on the status of the rhetoric of science. The second is the role that imagery has in scientific discourse. It is argued that the very possibility of a rhetorical interpretation of science depends on how the logic of science is understood. Informal logic, which acts here as a variant of argumentation theory or a logic of argumentation, is proposed as such a logic. This leads to a revision of the nature of justification in science in general, the substitution of apodictic logic for a logic of argumentation as a principal tool, and the consideration of strict formal ways of material implication-based justification as mere individual cases of a logic of argumentation. The role of imagery in scientific discourse is analysed. It is demonstrated that the situation of rhetoric and perception of imagery is paradoxical: although using rhetorical mechanisms in scientific communication is unavoidable, rhetoric has been criticised for many centuries. It is shown that the negative attitude to using rhetorical elements in scientific texts has long historical roots going back to ancient philosophical thought, namely, Socrates's criticism of eloquence and sophistic rhetoric. Analysis of the functions of imagery in scientific discourse suggests that imagery is an inalienable mechanism of both professional communication and the creation of theoretical models of knowledge.

Types of research texts in Russian historiography on the example of studying the history of entrepreneurship of pre-revolutionary Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Olga G. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Business People ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations ◽  
And Behavior

The study is devoted to the analysis of research texts of the historiographic development of the history of entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia. Modern historiography has accumulated a great deal of factual material. Historians have published monographs, thematic collections, articles, abstracts, reviews, reports, bibliographic indexes, encyclopedias and reference pub-lications, the councils defend candidate and doctoral dissertations on various problems in this area. The genre variety of scientific literature about business people reflects a broad professional and public interest in trade and other business activities and contributes to the coordination of research activities. Domestic historiography of the history of merchants and entrepreneurship in Siberia is represented by a significant number of works by historians of the region. The purpose of the study is to analyze the research text as a form of organizing speech material in the scientific discourse of studying the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. We use the methods of historical research, based on the analysis and generalization of research by other researchers, with the application of the principle of historicism, which made it possible to apply the historical-logical, historical-systemic methods. The region-oriented approach made it possible to study more fully the features of scientific texts in the historiography of the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia. The research results are as follows: scientific historical discourse is characterized by a certain set of norms, stereotypes of thinking and behavior; scientific communication plays a significant role in the life of society; genres act as a means of organizing and formalizing interaction in the scientific community; text as a form of organizing speech material in scientific discourse is characterized by the originality and recognizability of style, compositional structure.

scholarly journals Ethics Committee as A Tool to Improve the Management of Psychological and Pedagogical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Alexey Mikhailovich Dvoinin ◽  
Svetlana Evgenievnа Shukshina ◽  
Andrey Andreevich Sevalnikov ◽  
Irina Sergeevna Bulanova ◽  
Henndy Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committee ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Ethical Violations ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Status ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
The University

The article considers the problem of low quality pedagogical and psychological/pedagogical research in the Russian academic context, closely interconnected with bad academic practices in conducting this kind of research. The authors identified the most common ethical violations, including imitation of scientific research, compiling scientific texts, falsification of results, incorrect borrowing, etc. The paper contains a pre-project analysis of the management model of psychological and pedagogical research common in modern Russian universities and conclusions on its failure in the conditions of transition to the global standards for assessing the quality of education and research. The authors present an approach to the development of a model for managing psychological and pedagogical research at the university level. The proposed model is based on international standards of scientific ethics and principles of evidence-based science, and the committee on the ethics of psychological and pedagogical research is its key element. The paper determines the status, structure, functions of the ethics committee, as well as specific features and possible risks of implementing the proposed alternative model in universities with serious problems in the field of good academic practice.

scholarly journals Multifunctionality of agriculture, public policies and scientific evidences: Some critical issues of contemporary controversies

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Laurent ◽  
Marielle Berriet-Solliec ◽  
Marc Kirsch ◽  
Pierre Labarthe ◽  
AurélieT AurélieTrouvé
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Situation

Various theoretical models of public policy analysis are used to treat situations of decision-making in which public deciders have to take into account the multifunctionality of agriculture. For some, science-society relations are not really problematical. Others acknowledge the current attempts of these policy-makers to find adequate scientific knowledge, and the difficulties they encounter. These difficulties stem partly from the very content of knowledge produced by research. Could other modes of production be more efficient? The status of the knowledge produced by these approaches is a subject of debate. Bridging the divide between science and policy more effectively is not only a question of knowledge brokerage.Accessibility and reliability of the existing evidences are also problems to be addressed. The debates around evidence-based practices may provide some landmarks in this new situation although they also emphasize the limits of the tools that can be built for this purpose.  

Derrida and the Legacy of Psychoanalysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Earlie
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Thought ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Key Questions

This book offers a detailed account of the importance of psychoanalysis in Derrida’s thought. Based on close readings of texts from the whole of his career, including less well-known and previously unpublished material, it sheds new light on the crucial role of psychoanalysis in shaping Derrida’s response to a number of key questions. These questions range from the psyche’s relationship to technology to the role of fiction and metaphor in scientific discourse, from the relationship between memory and the archive to the status of the political in deconstruction. Focusing on Freud but proposing new readings of texts by Lacan, Torok, and Abraham, Laplanche and Pontalis, amongst other seminal figures in contemporary French thought, the book argues that Derrida’s writings on psychoanalysis can also provide an important bridge between deconstruction and the recent materialist turn in the humanities. Challenging a still prevalent ‘textualist’ reading of Derrida’s work, it explores the ongoing contribution of deconstruction and psychoanalysis to pressing issues in critical thought today, from the localizing models of the neurosciences and the omnipresence of digital technology to the politics of affect in an age of terror.

Modernismo, Spiritualism, and Science in Argentina at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-229
Author(s):  
Soledad Quereilhac
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social Legitimation ◽  
Scientific Discourses ◽  
Growth Of Science

This chapter analyzes the uses and appropriations of scientific discourse in Argentine magazines from the fin de siècle: a period in which literary modernism coincided with the development of spiritualisms that aspired to the status of science (or “occult sciences”) like Spiritism and Theosophy. The aim is to examine concrete examples that relativize the sharp division between science, art, and spiritualism in the culture of this period. The main sources explored are La Quincena. Revista de letras (1893–1899), Philadelphia (1898–1902), La Verdad (1905–1911), and Constancia (1890–1905). In addition, the chapter focuses on how the astonishing growth of science in Argentina, as well as the social legitimation of scientific discourses, influenced other fields, giving shape to new literary expressions, beliefs, and utopian projections that synthesized the material and the spiritual.

Reading Ngũgĩ Reading Conrad

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Mark Wollaeger
Keyword(s):  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o ◽  
Postcolonial Criticism ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Center Periphery

This chapter considers points of intersection between Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Joseph Conrad. By Ngũgĩ’s own account, his rewriting of Conrad’s Under Western Eyes (1911) as A Grain of Wheat (1967) triggered a crisis of audience that ultimately led him to abandon English for his native Gikuyu. To further complicate the question of influence, Wollaeger also examines the relationship between two works of nonfiction: Conrad’s A Personal Record (1912) and Ngũgĩ’s Decolonizing the Mind (1986). At the heart of Ngũgĩ’s attempt to fashion premodern tribalism into a utopian space are two problems that still animate critical discussion. What is the status of the local and the indigenous? Does attention to influence reinstate a center-periphery model in postcolonial criticism? This chapter shows the extent to which Conrad and Ngũgĩ both anticipate and generate theoretical models later used to articulate modernism and postcolonialism as fields of inquiry.

scholarly journals Cognitive implications of nominalizations in the advancement of scientific discourse

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iria Bello
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Writing ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Cognitive Dimension

<p>Nominalizations are well-known features of scientific writing. Scholars have been intrigued by their form and by their functions. While these features have been widely studied, the cognitive side of nominalizations in scientific texts still needs further attention. Nominalizations contribute to the advancement of discourse and at the same time add abstraction to the processes they convey and make them become more reified in the eyes of the reader. They are not mere verbal transformations as they change completely the cognitive configuration of the process they express. With examples retrieved from the astronomy subcorpus (CETA, 2012) of the Coruña Corpus the aim is to study nominalizations in the interface between cognition and language. The ultimate goal is to complement all the theoretical-descriptive studies on the topic by approaching the cognitive dimension and build a bridge for studies on the production and understanding of English scientific register.</p>

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of Jets from Active Galactic Nuclei

Galaxies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-María Martí
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hydrodynamical Description ◽  
Jet Plasma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Double Radio Galaxies

Numerical simulations have been playing a crucial role in the understanding of jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN) since the advent of the first theoretical models for the inflation of giant double radio galaxies by continuous injection in the late 1970s. In the almost four decades of numerical jet research, the complexity and physical detail of simulations, based mainly on a hydrodynamical/magneto-hydrodynamical description of the jet plasma, have been increasing with the pace of the advance in theoretical models, computational tools and numerical methods. The present review summarizes the status of the numerical simulations of jets from AGNs, from the formation region in the neighborhood of the supermassive central black hole up to the impact point well beyond the galactic scales. Special attention is paid to discuss the achievements of present simulations in interpreting the phenomenology of jets as well as their current limitations and challenges.

scholarly journals Engaged Humanities. New Perspectives of Experience-Oriented Humanities

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Klaudia Muca
Keyword(s):  
Disability Studies ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
New Model ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Status

Abstract The term engagement was used in critical cultural studies as a term that name an attitude of scholars, and a feature of cultural and scientific texts, that are based on the experience of an individual or a group of people. In the recent two decades, many of Polish academic narrations on the field of cultural production focused on the issue of engagement. In the article, a phenomenon of engagement in the context of disability studies is considered. The main objective of the article is the analysis of disability studies as a new model of experience- oriented discipline. What is particularly interesting is a possibility to relabel experiences of the disabled as a significant report on the status of modern narrations, which should include different minority bodies. The main aim of disability studies is to present a project of engaged attitudes towards social sustainability that is not based on exclusions of any social groups of people. Studies on disability are also introduced as an experience-oriented discipline in the field of engaged humanities. This article aims at presenting critical narrations on the issue of engagement in other to connect disability studies to the engaged humanities. Promoting engagement in many areas of culture and social life seems to be a way of introducing more open politics towards difference, and social sphere of life that is equally accessible for everyone.

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