Concepts, Images, Determination. Some remarks on the understanding of Transcendental Philosophy by McDowell and Fichte

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cogliandro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Transcendental Philosophy ◽  
Alternative Path ◽  
Space Of Reasons ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Epistemological Uncertainty

McDowell in Mind and World developed a post-transcendental understanding of some core philosophical puzzles of subjectivity, like consciousness, conceptual capacity and perception. One of the main assumptions in the background of his philosophical proposal is that all our possible experience has to be determined and therefore has to be acknowledged as conceptual, therefore this very experience has to be both relational and representational.After this statement of conceptual experience in the early 2000’s a debate started which still involves philosophers like Brandom, Gaskin, Wright, Heck, Stalnaker, Peacocke, Dreyfus.The discussion in the beginning was focused on the definition of the Space of Reasons, what is most lively today is the epistemological uncertainty of the possibility of perceiving imagines in a reductive view as perceptual (non-conceptual) experience. The proposal of McDowell is a quasi-Hegelian understanding of concepts. I think that is possible an alternative path, moving from a new understanding of conceptual spontaneity and of the determination in general, rooted in J. G. Fichte Sittenlehre (1812) and in the general framework of the Wissenschaftslehre (mostly the WL Nova methodo and some later expositions) in a broader and more nuanced understanding of the postkantian transcendental philosophy.

scholarly journals Butler and Postanalytic Philosophy

Hypatia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Paul Giladi
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Feminist Identity ◽  
Wilfrid Sellars ◽  
Poststructuralist Feminism ◽  
Pragmatic Account ◽  
Space Of Reasons ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article has two aims: (i) to bring Judith Butler and Wilfrid Sellars into conversation; and (ii) to argue that Butler's poststructuralist critique of feminist identity politics has metaphilosophical potential, given her pragmatic parallel with Sellars's critique of conceptual analyses of knowledge. With regard to (i), I argue that Butler's objections to the definitional practice constitutive of certain ways of construing feminism is comparable to Sellars's critique of the analytical project geared toward providing definitions of knowledge. Specifically, I propose that moving away from a definition of woman to what one may call poststructuralist sites of woman parallels moving away from a definition of knowledge to a pragmatic account of knowledge as a recognizable standing in the normative space of reasons. With regard to (ii), I argue that the important parallels between Butler's poststructuralist feminism and Sellars's antirepresentationalist normative pragmatism about knowledge enable one to think of her poststructuralist feminism as mapping out pragmatic cognitive strategies and visions for doing philosophy. This article starts a conversation between two philosophers whom the literature has yet to fully introduce to each other.

Diagnosis Rule Discovery Based on Causality in the Context of Fault Diagnosis in Rotating Machinery

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Zhou Jin ◽  
Ru Jing Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Rotating Machinery ◽  
Massive Data ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Rule Discovery ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Simple Implementation ◽  
Definition Of

The rotating machineries in a factory usually have the characteristics of complex structure and highly automated logic, which generated a large amounts of monitoring data. It is an infeasible task for uses to deal with the massive data and locate fault timely. In this paper, we explore the causality between symptom and fault in the context of fault diagnosis in rotating machinery. We introduce data mining into fault diagnosis and provide a formal definition of causal diagnosis rule based on statistic test. A general framework for diagnosis rule discovery based on causality is provided and a simple implementation is explored with the purpose of providing some enlightenment to the application of causality discovery in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.

scholarly journals Parallel Robot Translational Performance Evaluation through Direction-Selective Index (DSI)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boschetti ◽  
R. Rosa ◽  
A. Trevisani
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Parallel Manipulators ◽  
Parallel Robot ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Performance Variations

Performance indexes usually provide global evaluations of robot performances mixing their translational and/or rotational capabilities. This paper proposes a definition of performance index, called direction-selective index (DSI), which has been specifically developed for parallel manipulators and can provide uncoupled evaluations of robot translational capabilities along relevant directions. The DSI formulation is first presented within a general framework, highlighting its relationship with traditional manipulability definitions, and then applied to a family of parallel manipulators (4-RUU) of industrial interest. The investigation is both numerical and experimental and allows highlighting the two chief advantages of the proposed DSIs over more conventional manipulability indexes: not only are DSIs more accurate in predicting the workspace regions where manipulators can best perform translational movements along specific directions, but also they allow foreseeing satisfactorily the dynamic performance variations within the workspace, though being purely kinematic indexes. The experiments have been carried out on an instrumented 4-RUU commercial robot.

scholarly journals Introduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 353-368
Author(s):  
Dario Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning

“Zoosemiotics” was introduced in 1963 by Thomas Albert Sebeok, initially as a compromise between ethological and semiotic research. In the beginning, Sebeok was convinced that “zoosemiotics” had to be used mostly as an umbrella term, uniting different scholarly approaches to animal communication). In the light of its most recent developments, a synthetic definition of zoosemiotics can be today that of the study of semiosis within and across animal species.

scholarly journals A General Framework for Implicit and Explicit Debiasing of Distributional Word Vector Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 8131-8138
Author(s):  
Anne Lauscher ◽  
Goran Glavaš ◽  
Simone Paolo Ponzetto ◽  
Ivan Vulić
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Vector Spaces ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cross Lingual ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Embedding Methods

Distributional word vectors have recently been shown to encode many of the human biases, most notably gender and racial biases, and models for attenuating such biases have consequently been proposed. However, existing models and studies (1) operate on under-specified and mutually differing bias definitions, (2) are tailored for a particular bias (e.g., gender bias) and (3) have been evaluated inconsistently and non-rigorously. In this work, we introduce a general framework for debiasing word embeddings. We operationalize the definition of a bias by discerning two types of bias specification: explicit and implicit. We then propose three debiasing models that operate on explicit or implicit bias specifications and that can be composed towards more robust debiasing. Finally, we devise a full-fledged evaluation framework in which we couple existing bias metrics with newly proposed ones. Experimental findings across three embedding methods suggest that the proposed debiasing models are robust and widely applicable: they often completely remove the bias both implicitly and explicitly without degradation of semantic information encoded in any of the input distributional spaces. Moreover, we successfully transfer debiasing models, by means of cross-lingual embedding spaces, and remove or attenuate biases in distributional word vector spaces of languages that lack readily available bias specifications.

scholarly journals Motherland in the Philosophical Constructions of I.A. Ilyin: Literary Projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-243
Author(s):  
Evgeny R. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Vladimir Nabokov ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Emigre Literature ◽  
Marina Tsvetaeva ◽  
Typical Sign ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Ideological Structure

This is the first attempt at analyzing philosophical works about Motherland by Ivan Ilyin (written in the 1920s) as the solid ideological structure, which influenced literature of the Russian emigration of the 1920s as well as Russian émigré selfawareness. The article describes the system of Ilyin’s thought in its dynamics: from his first speeches, delivered in Berlin in 1922, towards the speeches (and articles) of the second half of the 1920s. It highlights certain changes in the definition of the Motherland: in the beginning of his philosophical career, Ilyin understands Motherland as related to the Civil War and the interests of the White Army; later, he moves this concept to religious sphere; by the end of the 1920s he relegates Motherland to the context of world history and Russian culture. Several examples show how Ilyin’s philosophy influenced (or sounds in consonance with), main ideas of the early émigré literature (including novels and political articles by Ivan Bunin, Nina Berberova, Vladimir Nabokov, and Marina Tsvetaeva). That Ivan Ilyin, a former professor of law turned into the greatest ideologist of Russia Abroad is a typical sign of the time and the proof of politicization of Russian philosophy.

Historical Account or Discourse on Identity? A Reexamination of Fulbe Hegemony and Autochthonous Submission in Banyo

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Gausset
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Military

Traditional accounts of the nineteenth-century Fulbe conquest in northern Cameroon tell roughly the same story: following the example of Usman Dan Fodio in Nigeria, the Fulbe of Cameroon organized in the beginning of the nineteenth century a “jihad” or a “holy war” against the local pagan populations to convert them to Islam and create an Islamic state. The divisions among the local populations and the military superiority of the Fulbe allowed them to conquer almost all northern Cameroon. They forced those who submitted to give an annual tribute of goods and servants, and they raided the other groups. In these traditional accounts the Fulbe are presented as unchallenged masters, while the local populations are depicted as slaves who were powerless over their fate; their role in the conquest of the region and in the administration of the new political order is supposed to have been insignificant.I will show that, on the contrary, in the area of Banyo the Wawa and Bute played a crucial role in the conquest of the sultanate and in its administration. I will then re-examine the cliche that all members of the local populations were the slaves of the Fulbe by distinguishing the fate of the Wawa and Bute on one side from that of the Kwanja and Mambila on the other, and by showing the importance of the Fulbe's identity in shaping the definition of slavery. Finally I will argue that, if the historical accounts found in the scientific literature invariably insist on Fulbe hegemony and minimize the role played by the local populations, it is because those accounts are often based on Fulbe traditions, and because these traditions are remodeled by the Fulbe in order to correspond to their discourse on identity.

scholarly journals Hipotiroidismo Subclínico no Idoso

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Sofia Macedo Silva ◽  
Alexandra Carvalho ◽  
Maria Lopes- Pereira ◽  
Vera Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an increase of thyroid stimulating hormone levels with normal levels of thyroid hormones, could have a multiorgan impact. There seem to be differences in the elderly (over 65 years of age) which indicate that there should be a different approach in terms of diagnosis and the treatment.Material and Methods: Electronic database search and narrative bibliographical review.Results: Different case studies showing the multiorgan consequences of subclinical hypothyroidism suggest that, in the elderly, there is a minor impact or even a lack of repercussion, especially in those over 80 - 85 years old. Additionally, there is evidence indicating that the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone rise with the age of the patient. The standard treatment, in the beginning, is a low dose of levothyroxine when the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone are over 10.0 mIU/L, when there are noticeable symptoms or positive anti-thyroid antibodies. However, the treatment is not consensual when the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone are between 4.5 and 10.0 mIU/L, in such a way that the TRUST study concluded that no benefits have outcome from treating these patients. Discussion: The non-definition of the reference range and the age gap are the key factors that contribute the most to biased results. However, there is consensus regarding non-treatment of mild thyroid dysfunctions (4.5 - 7.0 mIU/L) in the elderly, particularly above 80 years of age. Nevertheless, for positive anti-thyroid antibodies, suggestive ultrasound changes or iatrogenic side effects, the reference level should be 4.5 mIU/L. Conclusion: The general impact of subclinical hypothyroidism is different in elderly people, meaning that an individualized therapeutic approach and long-term monitoring is the appropriate strategy.

Phylogenetic pattern and the quantification of organismal biodiversity

1994 ◽  
Vol 345 (1311) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Option Value ◽  
Alternative Definition ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Proper Consideration

Biodiversity can be explored at a number of different levels and in principle may be separately quantified at each. Phylogenetic pattern has the potential to quantify and estimate biodiversity at the finest scale, that is, variation among species in features or attributes. This scale is an important one for conservation, as it should form the basis for prioritizing conservation efforts at the species level. Further, recent published objections to differentially weighting species are answered by defining option value at this feature-level. Unfortunately, there has been no consensus on exactly how phylogeny can be used to value species, possibly because proper consideration of the link between pattern and underlying features generally has been unresolved. ‘Phylogenetic diversity’ (PD) represents just one of several approaches that do consider diversity at the feature-level explicitly. These alternative approaches are discussed in the context of a general framework for using pattern to quantify diversity at a level below that of the original objects. The pattern framework highlights that estimation of biodiversity at a lower level using pattern will require decisions about the nature of the units of diversity, the kind of pattern to be used, the model relating unit items to pattern, and finally how this implies a pattern-based measure reflecting biodiversity. An alternative published model for relating features to a particular form of phylogenetic pattern is considered, and shown to make unwarranted assumptions. A possible alternative definition of the underlying units of diversity is examined, which may represent a different form of option value, also quantifiable using phylogeny. A possible alternative pattern to a phylogenetic tree for the prediction of feature diversity is also discussed. The appeal of these alternative approaches depends on the goals of conservation; in addition, justification for prioritizing or weighting requires that any practical approach avoid arbitrary, unwarranted, assumptions.

scholarly journals A workplace farmstand pilot programme in Omaha, Nebraska, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 2402-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farryl MW Bertmann ◽  
Hollyanne E Fricke ◽  
Leah R Carpenter ◽  
Daniel J Schober ◽  
Teresa M Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Local Food Systems ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of a workplace farmstand programme through the utilization of an online ordering system to build awareness for local food systems, encourage community participation, and increase local fruit and vegetable availability.DesignA 4-week pilot to explore feasibility of workplace farmstand programmes through a variety of outcome measures, including survey, mode of sale, weekly sales totals and intercept interviews.SettingA large private company in Sarpy County, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.SubjectsEmployees of the company hosting the farmstand programme.ResultsPre-programme, a majority of employees indicated that quality (95·4 %), variety (94·6 %) and cost of fruits and vegetables (86·4 %) were driving factors in their fruit and vegetable selection when shopping. The availability of locally or regionally produced fruits and vegetables was highly important (78·1 %). Participants varied in their definition of local food, with nearly half (49·2 %) reporting within 80·5 km (50 miles), followed by 160·9 km (100 miles; 29·5 %) and 321·9 km (200 miles; 12·1 %). Weekly farmstand purchases (both walk-ups and online orders) ranged from twenty-eight to thirty-nine employees, with weekly sales ranging from $US 257·95 to 436·90 for the producer. The mode of purchase changed throughout the pilot, with higher use of online ordering in the beginning and higher use of walk-up purchasing at the end.ConclusionsThe workplace farmstand pilot study revealed initial interest by both employees and a producer in this type of programme, helped to establish a sustained producer–employer relationship and led to additional opportunities for both the producer and employer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document