MicroRNAs in Benign and Malignant Hematopoiesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
pp. 1276-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharathkumar Bhagavathi ◽  
Magdalena Czader
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Multipotent Progenitors ◽  
Individual Mirnas ◽  
Translational Level

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of 19- to 24-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that regulate messenger RNA function at the posttranscriptional and translational level. Recent literature demonstrates a significant role of miRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Specific miRNAs have been shown to regulate each step of hematopoiesis starting at the level of multipotent progenitors through terminal stages of myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. Similarly, individual miRNAs and miRNA signatures have been associated with specific hematologic malignancies. There is accumulating evidence that miRNAs can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. This review highlights the current status of knowledge on miRNA in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

MicroRNAs: Key Regulators in Lung Cancer

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes El Founini ◽  
Imane Chaoui ◽  
Hind Dehbi ◽  
Mohammed El Mzibri ◽  
Roger Abounader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Stable Forms

: Noncoding RNAs have emerged as key regulators of the genome upon gene expression profiling and genome-wide sequencing. Among these noncoding RNAs, microRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate a plethora of functions, biological processes and human diseases by targeting the messenger RNA stability through 3’UTR binding, leading to either mRNA cleavage or translation repression, depending on microRNA-mRNA complementarity degree. Additionally, strong evidence has suggested that dysregulation of miRNAs contribute to the etiology and progression of human cancers, such as lung cancer, the most common and deadliest cancer worldwide. Indeed, by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, microRNAs control all aspects of lung cancer malignancy, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, cancer stem cells, immune-surveillance escape, and therapy resistance; and their expressions are often associated with clinical parameters. Moreover, several deregulated microRNAs in lung cancer are carried by exosomes, microvesicles and secreted in body fluids, mainly the circulation where they conserve their stable forms. Subsequently, seminal efforts have been focused on extracellular microRNAs levels as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. In this review, focusing on recent literature, we summarize the deregulation, mechanisms of action, functions and highlight clinical applications of miRNAs for better management and design of future lung cancer targeted therapies.

scholarly journals The Role of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Methylation Modifications in Hematological Malignancies

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Hongling Peng
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Epigenetics is identified as the study of heritable modifications in gene expression and regulation that do not involve DNA sequence alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, etc. Importantly, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification is one of the most common epigenetic modifications of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), which plays a key role in various cellular processes. It can not only mediate various RNA metabolic processes such as RNA splicing, translation, and decay under the catalytic regulation of related enzymes but can also affect the normal development of bone marrow hematopoiesis by regulating the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment of bone marrow. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A methylation modifications play an important role in the development and progression of hematologic malignancies (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndromes [MDS], multiple myeloma [MM], etc.). Targeting the inhibition of m6A-associated factors can contribute to increased susceptibility of patients with hematologic malignancies to therapeutic agents. Therefore, this review elaborates on the biological characteristics and normal hematopoietic regulatory functions of m6A methylation modifications and their role in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies.

scholarly journals Academic staff promotion system and its influence on the quality of vocational and technical education - College of Technological Studies, as a case Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Salah Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Promotion System ◽  
Education College

The need to enhance local capability is one of most Kuwaiti government priorities that is embodied in the overall governmental plan. In fact, the Kuwaiti government has exerted efforts to forge the College of Technological Studies, CTS, in order to equipped students with the knowledge, skills and attitudes that are required by essential sector in the country’s economy (e.g., Oil and Electricity and Water). However, the success of the College of Technological Studies in achieving its objectives would rely on the competencies of the CTS management and academic staff in meeting industrial requirements. The shaping and enhancing of student’s ability in managing, maintaining, and adapting the imported technology in industries would rely on the level of academic staff knowledge, skills, experience, and attitude in meeting industrial requirements. The efficiency of the promotion system for academic staff would indeed contribute significantly to shaping the standard of the CTS graduates. The need to absorb and evaluate the current status of the CTS academic staff promotion system must be one of highly management priority in order to achieve the CTS overall objectives. The aim of this paper is to identify and examine the efficiency of the academic staff promotion system. Several issues would be investigated and examined. Among which: the criteria’s applied in selected and approving academic journals, the criteria’s required for promoting academic staff, work ethics and its relation to the academic staff promotion system, and the obstacles that might face the CTS management in applying the academic staff promotion system. The paper would conclude that unless the management of the CTS realised and appreciate the significant role of the academic staff promotion system, industries would continue to rely on expatriate for years ahead.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Role in Thyroid Cancer Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Marini ◽  
Ettore Luzi ◽  
Maria Luisa Brandi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Targets ◽  
Mirna Deregulation ◽  
Cell Maintenance

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding the 3′noncoding region of the messenger RNA targets inducing their cleavage or blocking the protein translation. They play important roles in multiple biological and metabolic processes, including developmental timing, signal transduction, and cell maintenance and differentiation. Their deregulation can predispose to diseases and cancer. miRNA expression has been demonstrated to be deregulated in many types of human tumors, including thyroid cancers, and could be responsible for tumor initiation and progression. In this paper we reviewed the available data on miRNA deregulation in different thyroid tumors and describe the putative role of miRNA in thyroid cancer development.

scholarly journals The promising role of noncoding RNAs in cancer-associated fibroblasts: an overview of current status and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengli Fang ◽  
Jin Xu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Complex Regulatory Network

AbstractAs the most important component of the stromal cell population in the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial players in tumor initiation and progression. The interaction between CAFs and tumor cells, as well as the resulting effect, is much greater than initially expected. Numerous studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an irreplaceable role in this interplay, and related evidence continues to emerge and advance. Under the action of ncRNAs, normal fibroblasts are directly or indirectly activated into CAFs, and their metabolic characteristics are changed; thus, CAFs can more effectively promote tumor progression. Moreover, via ncRNAs, activated CAFs can affect the gene expression and secretory characteristics of cells, alter the TME and enhance malignant biological processes in tumor cells to contribute to tumor promotion. Previously, ncRNA dysregulation was considered the main mechanism by which ncRNAs participate in the crosstalk between CAFs and tumor cells. Recently, however, exosomes containing ncRNAs have been identified as another vital mode of interaction between these two types of cells, with a more direct and clear function. Gaining an in-depth understanding of ncRNAs in CAFs and the complex regulatory network connecting CAFs with tumor cells might help us to establish more effective and safer approaches for cancer therapies targeting ncRNAs and CAFs and offer new hope for cancer patients.

scholarly journals Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs in lung cancer: Current status and future prospects

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tao ◽  
Jing-Jing Yang ◽  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Zi-Yu Deng ◽  
Kai-Hu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects

scholarly journals The Role of Neural Plasticity in Depression: From Hippocampus to Prefrontal Cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Tongtong Ge ◽  
Yashu Leng ◽  
Zhenxiang Pan ◽  
Jie Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Neuronal Adaptation ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

Neural plasticity, a fundamental mechanism of neuronal adaptation, is disrupted in depression. The changes in neural plasticity induced by stress and other negative stimuli play a significant role in the onset and development of depression. Antidepressant treatments have also been found to exert their antidepressant effects through regulatory effects on neural plasticity. However, the detailed mechanisms of neural plasticity in depression still remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the recent literature to elaborate the possible mechanistic role of neural plasticity in depression. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural plasticity studies.

Clinicopathologic Aspects of 1p/19q Loss and the Diagnosis of Oligodendroglioma

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Aldape ◽  
Peter C. Burger ◽  
Arie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Oligodendroglial Neoplasms ◽  
Important Marker

Abstract Context.—Significant interobserver variability exists with respect to the diagnosis of oligodendroglial neoplasms, especially their distinction from astrocytoma and mixed oligoastrocytoma. Combined loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 and the long arm of chromosome 19 has been shown to be both relatively specific to oligodendroglioma and, when present, a marker of improved prognosis in patients with these tumors. In addition, 1p/19q loss has been shown to be a marker of “classic” oligodendroglial histology. These findings raise questions as to the role of 1p/19q testing in clinical practice, both as a prognostic marker and as a potential diagnostic marker among infiltrating glial neoplasms. Objective.—This review discusses the issues raised above and tries to clarify the current status of 1p/19q evaluation in the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma. Data Sources.—Sources for this review include recent literature as well as the experience of 3 practicing neuropathologists. Conclusions.—1p/19q status is an important marker in oligodendroglioma. Loss of 1p/19q is associated with classic oligodendroglioma histology as well as improved prognosis. The combined 1p/19q marker will continue to be a clinically useful marker of prognosis and could potentially be incorporated into diagnostic criteria in the future.

Emerging Role of Exosomal-Derived Long Noncoding RNAs in Human PDAC

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Di Long ◽  
Xiao Dong Tian ◽  
Yin-Mo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The incidence and mortality of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are increasing recently. Most patients with PDAC are diagnosed at advanced stage because of the high invasiveness of cancer cells and the lack of typical early symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis of PDAC is very important to improve the prognosis. Exosomes play crucial role in intercellular communication and deliver the contents to recipient cells to regulate their biological behaviors. Recent evidence suggests emerging role of exosomes in the carcinogenesis of a variety of cancers including PDAC. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the development of PDAC. It has been proved that LncRNAs have the potential to be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PDAC. Moreover, increasing number of studies focus on the role of exosomal LncRNAs in PDAC. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In this review, we summarize the current status on our understanding of the role of exosomal-derived LncRNAs in the progression and metastasis of PDAC. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> We focus on challenges in the potential of exosomal-derived LncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets of PDAC. In addition, we provide an overview about the demonstrated important role of exosomal LncRNAs in the progression of PDAC.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document