Neither Eyewitnesses, Nor Windows to the Past, but Valuable Testimony in its Own Right: Remarks on Iconography, Source Criticism and Ancient Data-processing

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH UEHLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Potential Use

This chapter explores the potential use of visual sources, together with the methods employed for studying them, such as iconography or iconology, for the history of ‘ancient Israel’. It describes the theoretical and conceptual framework, particularly the notion of ‘eyewitnessing’, and considers the method, particularly iconography. The chapter also presents case examples chosen from monuments which are so well known to historians of ancient Israel that they are well suited to illustrate both the pitfalls of more conventional interpretations and the potential of alternative approaches. Before turning to the sources – namely visual evidence that may be related to the history of ancient Israel and Judah – the chapter discusses the state of the art among fellow historians in neighbouring disciplines, including those belonging to the so-called ‘humanities’ (or arts and letters). It also considers visual art and history, the metaphor of legal investigation, the balancing of testimony, and the particular status of an eyewitness.

Presenting the Past: The Genre of Commentary in Theoretical Perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis article provides a theoretical discussion of the genre of commentary writing. Rather than examining the role of commentary in a specific religion, it attempts to articulate a set of useful questions to begin the process of rethinking what this genre is and, in the process, help create a theoretical vocabulary and conceptual framework for an analysis of commentary from the history of religions. The article is divided into three parts. The first broadens the traditional concept of a "canon", ostensibly the raw data upon which the commentary imposes a taxonomy. The second argues that the human condition, what Heidegger calls the way in which we are thrown into the world, demands that we interpret it. Finally, it is suggested that commentary is fundamentally about location or space, thereby providing the classificatory schema that is necessary for contextualizing both past and present. The main goal of this article is to problematize the current discussion of commentary in a theoretical way.

Discovering the Past for Yourself

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Tyrkkö
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Digital Pedagogy ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Corpus Tools

This chapter outlines the state of the art in corpus-based language teaching and digital pedagogy, focusing on the differences between using corpora with present-day and historical data. The basic concepts of corpus-based research such as representativeness, frequency, and statistical significance can be introduced to students who are new to corpus methods, and the application of these concepts to the history of English can deepen students’ understanding of how historical varieties of the language are researched. This chapter will also address some of the key challenges particular to teaching the history of English using corpora, such as dealing with the seemingly counterintuitive findings, non-standard features, and small datasets. Finally, following an overview of available historical corpora and corpus tools, several practical examples of corpus-driven activities will be discussed in detail, with suggestions and ideas on how a teacher might prepare and run corpus-based lessons.

scholarly journals A brief history of metrology: past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Fanton
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International System ◽  
Actual State ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we take the freedom to paraphrase Stephen Hawking's well-known formula and approach, for a reflection about metrology. In fact, metrology has a past, a present, and a future. The past is marked by a rich series of events, of which we shall highlight only those which resulted in major turns. The impact of the French Revolution is indisputably one of them. The present corresponds to a significant evolution, which is the entry of metrology into the world of quantum physics, with the relevant changes in the International System of units (SI). An apercu of the actual state of the art of metrological technology is given. The future is characterised by a persisting need for a still enhanced metrology, in terms of performance and domain covered. In this respect, soft metrology seems to constitute a promising field for research and development.

Yahweh and His Clio: Critical Theory and the Historical Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Social World ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Discussion about the reconstruction of the history of ancient Israel seldom interacts with theoretical literature on the nature of history. Modern attempts to write Israel’s history, however, have been shaped by their theoretical underpinnings for the past two centuries. This essay explores the epistemological underpinnings of the historical criticism of the Hebrew Bible, outlines trends in historiographical theory, and assesses the impact newer theories of intellectual cultural history can have on studies of the history of the social world of ancient Israel.

scholarly journals Vignette Thyroid Surgery: A Glimpse Into its History

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dorairajan ◽  
P.V. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Short History ◽  
Operating Theater ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Abstract At present, physicians and surgeons treating thyroid disorders can rely on highly accurate and precise investigations, modern equipment, and state of the art operating theater to achieve optimum results; however, this was not the case at the beginning of the treatment of thyroid diseases centuries ago. We present a short history of the treatment and understanding of thyroid diseases in the past few decades. Also we present the contributions of the important surgeons who tried to perfect the treatment of thyroid diseases, including surgery, thus making modern day management easier.

Dead Sea Levels during the Bronze and Iron Ages

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Joy Kagan ◽  
Dafna Langgut ◽  
Elisabetta Boaretto ◽  
Frank Herald Neumann ◽  
Mordechai Stein
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead

The history of lake-level changes at the Dead Sea during the Holocene was determined mainly by radiocarbon dating of terrestrial organic debris. This article reviews the various studies that have been devoted over the past 2 decades to defining the Dead Sea levels during the Bronze and Iron Ages (≃5.5 to 2.5 ka cal BP) and adds new data and interpretation. In particular, we focus on research efforts devoted to refining the chronology of the sedimentary sequence in the Ze'elim Gully, a key site of paleoclimate investigation in the European Research Council project titled Reconstructing Ancient Israel. The Bronze and Iron Ages are characterized by significant changes in human culture, reflected in archaeological records in which sharp settlement oscillations over relatively short periods of time are evident. During the Early Bronze, Intermediate Bronze, Middle Bronze, and Late Bronze Ages, the Dead Sea saw significant level fluctuations, reaching in the Middle Bronze an elevation of ≃370 m below mean sea level (bmsl), and declining in the Late Bronze to below 414 m bmsl. At the end of the Late Bronze Age and upon the transition to the Iron Age, the lake recovered slightly and rose to ≃408 m bmsl. This recovery reflected the resumption of freshwater activity in the Judean Hills, which was likely accompanied by more favorable hydrological-environmental conditions that seem to have facilitated the wave of Iron Age settlement in the region.

scholarly journals Collaborative Development of High Resolution Pluvial Flood Maps for Flanders

10.29007/nxqj ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Cauwenberghs ◽  
Tom Feyaerts ◽  
Neil Hunter ◽  
Joost Dewelde ◽  
Thomas Vansteenkiste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flood Maps

As part of the low countries and with one of the highest population densities worldwide, the Flemish region has experienced a long history of flooding causing tens of millions euro damage each year. In response to this, water managers invested over the past decade in flood modelling and mapping with a fluvial origin. In recent years, pluvial flooding has also occurred numerous times in Flanders, but a region-wide map describing these processes more in detail in terms of extent, depth and probability was lacking. Following a pilot-study in 2016, the VMM undertook in 2017 the VLAGG1- project to develop a region-wide, high-resolution pluvial flood map for Flanders. Via a combination of state-of-the art methodologies and web technologies, a draft flood map was presented to a broad reviewing community across Flanders, who were then able to improve it further by adding local knowledge on known flooding and more detailed data on key hydraulic structures. In a three month period, over 7000 additions were made by 370 delegates from 165 organizations that have been incorporated into, and significantly improved the quality of the final flood maps which are due to be published in 2019.

scholarly journals A vueltas con la recuperación del leonés = Rethinking the recovery of Leonese

2020 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Christian Fernández Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p class="Pa8">El presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis sucinto sobre la trayectoria de la recuperación moderna del leonés, así como contribuir al campo de la sociolingüística a través de una valoración sobre las ideologías lingüísticas de las asociaciones involucradas en su protección, activas en la actualidad o en el pasado. Para ello, analizaremos las ideas y discursos que apoyan o refutan posturas hegemónicas y contrahegemónicas dentro del proceso de recuperación lingüística utilizando la teoría del sociolingüista gallego José del Valle mediante la contraposición que es­tablece entre las culturas de la monoglosia y de la heteroglosia, lo cual supone una novedad para entender el marco conceptual de la realidad lingüística leonesa dentro de esta disciplina.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="Pa8">The present article intends to elaborate on the history of the modern recovery of Leonese as well as contributing to the field of sociolinguistics through an analysis of the linguistic ideologies of the associations –cur­rently active or in the past– involved in its protection. To do so, after reviewing the style and language attitudes of the first writers in Leonese of the 20th century, we will focus on the ideas and rhetoric of associations that support or reject hegemonic or counterhegemonic stances within the process of language recovery using the theory of CUNY sociolinguist José del Valle, who establishes an opposition between the culture of monoglos­sia and the culture of heteroglossia. This new approach aims to provide a conceptual framework to understand the Leonese language situation within the field of sociolinguistics.<em> </em></p>

scholarly journals PENGARCAAN DEWA WISNU PADA MASA HINDU-BUDDHA DI BALI (ABAD VII-XIV MASEHI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
I Kadek Sudana Wira Darma
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Erwin Panofsky

Figurine of goddess Vishnu is an archaeological remain of Hindu-Buddhist period that rarely found in Bali. This research examines the variation of iconography, as well as the role and the position of Vishnu in the Hindu-Buddhist period in Bali in VII-XIV Century AD. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the history of Balinese culture in the past, especially in the religion aspect. The methods of data collection are literature study, observation and interviews as well as data processing through the analysis of comparative iconography, and iconoplastic. The theory that used to assist analysis is a theory of religious iconology and iconography of Erwin Panofsky. Based on the results of the study found that there is a variation of the iconography on the statues of Vishnu in Hindu-Buddhist period in Bali. The variation can be seen in the variety of depictions of jewelry, clothing, “laksana” and posture. There are also variations for the iconography that caused by the factors of the ability and creativity of the artists, social restriction, cultural influence and raw material of the statue. The role and position of Vishnu in the Hindu-Buddhist period in Bali as a protector and preserver. His position is important although it is not as high as the god of Shiva. Arca Dewa Wisnu merupakan tinggalan arkeologi dari periode Hindu- Buddha yang sangat sedikit ditemukan di Bali. Penelitian ini meneliti variasi ikonografi, serta peranan dan kedudukan Dewa Wisnu pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Bali abad VII-XIV Masehi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merekonstruksi sejarah kebudayaan masyarakat Bali pada masa lalu terutama aspek religinya. Penulis menggunakan metode pengumpulan data seperti studi pustaka, observasi dan wawancara serta pengolahan data melalui analisis ikonografi, ikonoplastik dan komparatif. Teori yang digunakan untuk membantu analisis adalah teori ikonografi dan ikonologi Erwin Panofsky. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa terdapat variasi ikonografi pada arcaarca dewa Wisnu pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Bali abad VII-XIV Masehi. Variasi terlihat pada ragam penggambaran perhiasan, busana, laksana, dan sikap tubuh. Adapun variasi ikonografi disebabkan oleh faktor kemampuan dan kreativitas seniman, batasan sosial, pengaruh budaya dan bahan baku arca. Peranan dan kedudukan dewa Wisnu pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Bali yaitu sebagai dewa pelindung dan pemelihara, kedudukannya sangat penting walaupun tidak setinggi Dewa Siwa.

Forty Years of Quantitative Diffraction Analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Present State ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Absorption Factor ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

In this paper an attempt is made to review in rather broad perspective the origins and history of quantitative methods in diffraction analysis, at the same time leaving an in-depth examination of the present state of the art to other better qualified contributors to this conference. Space limitations preclude mention of many significant contributions, for which I am very sorry. It will be possible to review only a number of pivotal historical events, while also taking note of certain other researches that seem representative of historical and present-day trends.The birth of quantitatively meaningful analysis in the mid-1930s depended upon a realisation of, and allowance for, the alteration of the diffracted intensities resulting from absorption of x-rays by the specimen. Furthermore, advances in the art achieved during the past forty years have been closely related to improvements in the treatment of the absorption factor.

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