Evaluation of the antioxidant activity, antimicrobial effect and acute toxicity from leaves of Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. Cambess .) Hieron. ex Niederl

This research was to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and microbial profiles of Cola lepidota fruits. One hundred grams each of the fruit exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp were blended and analyses were carried out by the following standard methods. Active acidity and vitamin C contents were 5.5 and 6.34 mg 100 g–1 in endocarp, 4.5 and 14.39 mg 100 g–1 in mesocarp and 6.7 and 10.02 mg 100 g–1 for exocarp. Moisture and carbohydrate contents of 12.31 and 68.72% were in the mesocarp while protein and crude fibre contents of 8.13 and 26.18% were in the exocarp and endocarp. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) contents were 1.79, 0.27 and 0.57 mg 100 g–1 in exocarp while lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) were absent in the endocarp. Predominant isolates were Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species. C. lepidota had no antimicrobial effect against the tested organisms. Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, coumarins and anthocyanins were present while alkaloids, quinolones, glycosides, steroids and cardiac glycosides were absent. The fruit was observed to have antioxidant property by hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. This study presents C. lepidota as good for human consumption and can be exploited for animal feed production.

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Gastric Antiulcerogenic and Hypokinetic Activities ofTerminalia fagifoliaMart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/261745 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Paulo Humberto M. Nunes ◽

Maria do Carmo C. Martins ◽

Rita de Cássia M. Oliveira ◽

Mariana H. Chaves ◽

Elcilene A. Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽

Gastric Wall ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Mucus Layer ◽

Gastroprotective Activity ◽

Small Intestinal Transit ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Antiulcerogenic Activity

The acute toxicity, the antioxidant activity, and the pharmacological activity on the gastrointestinal tract of rodents of the ethanolic extract (TFEE) from the bark ofTerminalia fagifoliaMart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae) and of its aqueous (TFAqF), hydroalcoholic (TFHAF), and hexanic (TFHEXF) partition fractions have been evaluated. TFEE presented low acute toxicity, antioxidant, and antiulcerogenic activity against ethanol-induced ulcers, which was partially blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME and indomethacin. It reduced the total acidity and raised the pH of gastric secretion. Additionally, TFEE delayed gastric emptying and slightly inhibited the small intestinal transit and also presented a weakly antidiarrheal activity. The antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activity were also detected in TFAqF and TFHAF but not in TFHEXF. The antisecretory and gastroprotective activity of TFEE partially involve the nitric oxide and prostaglandin participation. Nevertheless, TFEE, TFAqF, and TFHAF drastically reduced the mucus layer adhered to the gastric wall of rats treated with ethanol or indomethacin. Complementary studies are required in order to clarify the paradox of the presence of a gastroprotector activity in this plant that, at the same time, reduces the mucus layer adhered to the gastric wall.

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Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and toxicity on Cavia porcellus of Dialium angolense Welw. Ex Oliv, a traditional medicinal plant from Bagira in Eastern of DR Congo

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.2.0352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 166-180

Author(s):

Bashige Chiribagula V ◽

Bakari Amuri S ◽

Okusa Ndjolo Philippe ◽

Kahumba Byanga J ◽

Duez P ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

E Coli

Dialium angolense is used in Bagira for its various medicinal properties particularly in the management of infectious diseases. In this study, the methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and their in vivo toxicity on Cavia porcellus. The major phytochemical classes of extracts were screened using standard in-tube reactions. The antimicrobial study was tested on Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae using agar well diffusion and dilution methods, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by a DPPH assay. For the acute toxicity study, animals (6/group) were orally given in a single dose 5000, 1000 or 15000 mg of extract/kg body weight (BW) then observed for 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity assays, 150 or 300 mg/kg BW/day were orally given, and animals observed for 28 days. Total phenolics and total flavonoids contents ranged 1.19 to 1.61 mg GAE.g-1 and 0.45 to 1.01 mg QEg-1, respectively. The extracts presented antioxidant activity with IC50 ranging 4.9 to 6.9 µg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) on tested strains ranged from 1.9 to 500 µg/mL with the aqueous extract of fruits as a most active extract: MIC=1.9 µg/mL on E. coli and C. albicans. No signs of toxicity were noted during the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessments, suggesting a maximal tolerate doses (MDT) and LD50 > 15000 mg/kg BW. This study highlights the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dialium angolense and suggests that further studies be directed towards the isolation of active compounds.

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Antioxidant and gastroprotective effects of the ethyl acetate extract from Stemodia maritima L. in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. e195101522548

Author(s):

Rayane Siqueira de Sousa ◽

Jéssica de Andrade Gomes Silva ◽

Elizabeth Fernanda de Oliveira Borba ◽

Katharina Rodrigues de Lima Porto Ramos ◽

Camila Joyce Alves da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Gastric Ulcer ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Gastroprotective Activity ◽

Ulcer Model ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Stemodia maritima L., is a shrub of the Plantaginaceae family, with some biological activities already described, such as: larvicide, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant, and gastroprotective activities of the ethyl acetate extract from S. maritima. The phytochemical profile was investigated through the quantification of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and CCD analysis. The toxicity of the extract was performed through cell viability using L929 line cell, and acute toxicity by the OECD Guide 423. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by the methods of reduction of the ferric ion (FRAP), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and the gastroprotective activity by the absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, with analysis of NO, MDA, GSH and MPO levels in the stomach tissues. In the phytochemical profile it was possible to identify the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, mono, and sesquiterpenes. The extract was not cytotoxic against L929 lineage, maintaining cell viability above 70% at the doses tested, and in acute toxicity it did not show physiological changes indicative of toxicity compared to the control group. The extract presented antioxidant activity of 157.3 ± 9.7 mg equivalent of Trolox/g of extract in the FRAP method, and 50.0 ± 1.1 % by TAA. The ethyl acetate extract of S. maritima, at the doses tested, reduced the ulcerative lesion index compared to the injured control group, increased the levels of NO and GSH, and was able to decrease the concentrations of MDA and MPO, enhancing their gastroprotective activity.

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Evaluation of preliminary phytochemical screening, acute toxicity and antioxidant profile of Ocimum kilimandscharicum

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2494 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 372-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gaurav Saxena ◽

Abhilasha Mittal ◽

Abdul Wadood Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Clinical Safety ◽

Free Radical Activity ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Nature has offered us diverse curative herbs having with powerful antioxidant phytochemicals. Ocimum (Lamiaceae) is a notable source of volatile oils and flavouring agents in general and primarily of eugenol, methyl eugenol, linalool, methyl chavicol, etc. Karpoora Thulasi is a member of this genus; nevertheless, not much literature has been reported on its safety and antioxidant potential. In this investigation, we did a pre-clinical safety assessment of concentrate of O. kilimandscharicum on Sprague Dawley rodents. Toxicological concordat of the O. kilimandscharicum concentrate was carried out following OECD guidelines 423. Further, to verify the traditional efficacy and elucidate the mechanism, the present study compared in-vitro antioxidant activity of the plant by DPPH, ABTS and Hydroxyl radical scavenging method using ascorbic acid as the standard. In acute oral toxicity, no treatment-related death or toxic signs were observed. Moreover, the study revealed that the O. kilimandscharicum extract could be well tolerated up to the dose 2000 mg/kg body weight and could be classified as Category 5. Moreover, ABTS free radical activity of the extract was 79.2148 while that of DDPH Inhibition potential was found to be 70.72758. Our findings present substantiation that the crude extracts of O. kilimandscharicum is a likely source of natural antioxidants, and this justified its long-established uses. Keywords: Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Acute Toxicity, In-vitro Antioxidant Activity DPPH, ABTS

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Chemical profiles, antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of raw and sulfur-fumigated Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 234 ◽

pp. 76-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Muhua Yuan ◽

Zhigang Yan ◽

Yuan Liu ◽

Dingqiao Chen ◽

Zijiang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Chemical Profiles

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CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, ORAL ACUTE TOXICITY AND LD50 DETERMINATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i5.17834 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Manal Mortady Hamed ◽

Aboelfetoh Mohamed Abdalla ◽

Mosad Ahmed Ghareeb ◽

Said Abdelhalim Saleh

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

Objective: The objective of this study was undertaken to estimate the total phenolic contents (TPCs), in vitro antioxidant of different solvent extracts of M. oleifera leaves, oral acute toxicity and LD50 determination of the 85% methanolic extract as well as the chromatographic isolation and identification of the extract constituents.Methods: The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves were estimated using three antioxidant assays and the total phenolic contents (TPCs) were also evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu’s assay. The n-BuOH extract undergoes further chromatographic isolation owing to the high antioxidant activity using 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) method, which resulted in the isolation of seven compounds.Results: The results showed that the TPCs values of the tested extracts were varied from 309.52 to 43.28 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. The reducing power antioxidant activities (RPAA) were 0.434, 0.402, 0.395, 0.149, 0.143 and 0.124, while the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were 316.43, 203.35, 181.56, 86.70, 76.62 and 50.83 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry extract; for n-BuOH, EtOAc, 85% MeOH, H2O, CH2Cl2, and pet. ether extracts, respectively. The oral acute toxicity study of the 85% methanol extracts of M. oleifera and M. peregrina revealed that; their LD50 values were 3458.3 and 4125 mg/kg respectively, thus the two plants could be classified as slightly toxic in the scale of Hodge and Sterner which reflected their nutrient values as edible plants. The isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their 1H and 13C-NMR spectra as; cis-p-coumaric acid 4-O-(2'-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), chlorogenic acid (2), niazirin (3), 3,4-dihydroxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-4-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), gallic acid (5), taxifolin (6), and benzyl-carbamo-thioethionate (7).Conclusion: The M. oleifera leaves showed promising antioxidant activities and slightly toxic behavior.

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