scholarly journals Growing ecologically clean potato seed material

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
K. Abdurakhimov
Keyword(s):  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
T.M. Oleynik ◽  
K.A. Sloblodyan ◽  
S.A. Slobodyan ◽  
R.V. Gricay

The results of improvement studies of potato varieties by chemotherapy along with the use of antiviral drugs: RNA-ase, acyclovir, izatizon, and hydrochloride as well as data on the molecular diagnosis of X-and M-viruses in vitro plants, resulting from the recovery are presented. 3 lines free from virus X and 4 lines free from potato virus M were allocated. After the testing of variety changeability and its economically valuable characteristics in field conditions one of them will be selected and submitted to the Bank in vitro redeveloped varieties.


2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Е.А. Симаков ◽  
Б.В. Анисимов ◽  
С.В. Жевора ◽  
А.В. Митюшкин ◽  
А.А. Журавлев ◽  
...  

Для преодоления зависимости товаропроизводителей от импорта зарубежного семенного материала, удовлетворения возросших требований к потребительским и столовым качествам клубней сортов картофеля и структуре целевого использования урожая определены приоритетные направления совершенствования селекции и семеноводства картофеля на ближайшую и длительную перспективу. Представлены результаты целенаправленной селекции сортов картофеля нового поколения различных сроков созревания с конкретными параметрами хозяйственно полезных признаков, определяющих их целевое использование в соответствии с запросами отечественного рынка картофеля. Предложена система мер по развитию селекции и семеноводства картофеля, способствующая повышению эффективности создания и использования потенциала отечественных сортов, наращиванию объемов производства качественного семенного материала высоких посевных стандартов. Среди них: скрининг и постоянное обновление генофонда, формирование, пополнение и поддержание признаковых генетических коллекций, разработка системы генетических и молекулярных маркеров ценных хозяйственных признаков, развитие селекционных программ по созданию сортов с пигментированной окраской мякоти клубней, повышенным содержанием антиоксидантов и высокой питательной ценностью, разработка эффективных приемов и методов взращивания высококачественного семенного картофеля на основе созданиях исходного материала, свободного от вирусных, вироидных и бактериальных фитопатогенов, освоение адаптивных ресурсо- и энергоэкономичных технологий и схем семеноводства картофеля, средств защиты, машин и механизмов, обеспечивающих качество сортовых семян, формирование региональной сети учреждений РАН и агропредприятий по оригинальному семеноводству картофеля, выделение специальных семеноводческих территорий с наиболее чистыми фитосанитарными условиями и т.п. Это позволит ускорить переход сельхозпредприятий и крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств на использование для посадки только сертифицированных семян не ниже 1-2 репродукций. To overcome the dependence of producers on imports of foreign seed material, to meet the increased requirements for the consumer and table qualities of potato tubers and the structure of the intended use of the crop, priority areas for improving the selection and seed production of potato in the near and long term have been identified. The results of purposeful selection of new generation potato varieties of different maturation periods with specific parameters of economically useful features that determine their intended use in accordance with the requirements of the domestic potato market are presented. The proposed system of measures on development of selection and seed potatoes, facilitate the creation and use of potential native varieties, increase production of quality seed material of high seed standards. Among them: screening and constant updating of the gene pool, formation, replenishment and maintenance genetic collections of traits, development of a system of genetic and molecular markers of valuable economic traits, development of selection programs for breeding cultivars with pigmented colour of tuber pulp, high content of antioxidants and high nutritional value, development of effective methods and methods for growing high-quality seed potatoes based on the creation of source material free from viral, viroid and bacterial phytopathogens, development of adaptive resource-and energy-efficient technologies and schemes for potato seed production, protective equipment, machines and mechanisms that ensure the quality of varietal seeds, formation of a regional network of RAS institutions and agricultural enterprises for original potato seed production, allocation of special seed-growing territories with the cleanest phytosanitary conditions. This will speed up the transition of agricultural enterprises and peasant (farm) farms to use only certified seeds for planting at least 1-2 reproductions.


Author(s):  
M.V. Konopatskaya ◽  

It is determined that over a long storage period there is a moderate inverse correlation (correlation coefficient amount to -0,63) between tubers infection by silver scab and their coating by common scab ulcers. The revealed pattern may indicate the antagonistic nature of the relationship between the disease agents.


2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
BARBARA SAWICKA ◽  
PIOTR PSZCZÓŁKOWSKI ◽  
HONORATA DANILČENKO ◽  
ELVYRA JARIENE

The goal of the study was to determine the effect of sonication of different potato seed material cultivars on physicochemical properties. Tuber samples from a field experiment conducted in Parczew (51°38'N, 22°54'E) in 2015–2017 were used for the study. The experiment was carried out by the method of randomized sub-blocks, in a split-plot dependent system. The first order factor were pre-planting treatments: 1) the use of ultrasounds, 2) control object without ultrasounds. The second order factor consisted of 10 potato cultivars of all earliness groups. Seed material was a subject to immerse sonication using an ultrasonic device. Following parameters were evaluated: dry matter of tubers, starch content, textural features, acidity (pH) of potato juice. Sonication contributed to the increase in dry matter and starch contents in tubers, the change in pH towards alkaline reaction, and textural parameters of raw and cooked tubers were increased.


Author(s):  
S.A. Dobrokhotov ◽  
◽  
A.I. Anisimov

Some methods of obtaining a healthy seed material of potatoes (meristem culture, from seedlings of leaf tubers, etc.) are considered. The possibility of obtaining in one season, in conditions of heifers, tubers from seedlings and from them leafy minitubers is shown. The data on the yield of potatoes after different methods of improving the seed material are given.


Author(s):  
Ilze Skrabule ◽  
Gunta Bebre

The first potato varieties that reached the territory of Latvia were empirically selected clones from genetically diverse material brought from South America to Europe. In the 19th century, when agricultural production rapidly developed, the demand for high yielding potato varieties suitable to local growing conditions increased. Therefore, potato variety evaluation trials were set up. Scientifically- based potato breeding in Latvia was launched by P. Knappe. The potato breeding programme in Priekuïi Plant Breeding Station was started in 1931, and has still continued. Several breeding methods were used by potato breeders Ç. Knape, V. Gaujers, G. Bebre and others in Priekuïi. Potato breeding for short periods was carried out in several other places in Latvia: Stende, Carnikava, and Lejaskurzeme. The method of elimination of diseases in potato seed material and high quality seed material production was implemented in Priekuïi. More than 60 potato varieties have been created in Latvia, some of them were and still are in demand in agricultural production.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
E. V. Haksar ◽  
M. S. Romanova ◽  
O. O. Novikov ◽  
N. I. Leonova ◽  
G. A. Romashov

The results of the study on the production of potato minitubers by aeroponic and aero-hydroponic methods, which are non-substrate methods of growing plants, are presented. In order to develop technologies for growing virus-free potato seed material in closed systems, experiments on growing potato minitubers in multiuse aeroponic systems were conducted. Early-ripening potato varieties Rosara, Antonina and Yubilyar, mid-ripening Solnechny variety, and S-112 and Ch hybrids were used as the tested potato varieties. The plant growing cycle was divided into three phases: adaptation, growth, and tuberization. For each phase, different cultivation parameters were used. As a light source, highpressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per one plant on this type of systems was as follows: Antonina variety – 15.3 pcs., Yubilyar variety – 23 pcs., Hybrid Ch – 28.1 pcs., Hybrid S-112 – 30.2 pcs., Solnechny variety – 30.3 pcs., Rosara variety – 43.9 pcs. The effect of various light sources on the quantitative yield of potato minitubers of Nevsky and Yubilyar varieties was studied for this type of systems. Cultivation of potatoes in these systems was carried out according to the technology described, but using two different types of light sources. In the control variant, high-pressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used, in the experimental variant, LED lamps produced by CoB (full spectrum) technology with a passive cooling system were used. The use of LED lighting on Nevsky variety led to a statistically signifi cant increase in the quantitative yield of potato minitubers from one plant compared to the control, by 20.88%. The prospects of using Fagro aero-hydroponic systems for adaptation of potato microplants and for obtaining potato minitubers of Rosara and Solnechny varieties were shown. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per plant on this type of installations was 46.9 pcs. for Rosara variety, and 56.7 pcs. for Solnechny.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Faniya Zamalieva

The studies were carried out with the aim of biological substantiation of a decrease in Y-virus reinfection during the reproduction of seed potatoes with a low degree of infection. The experiments were carried out in 2001-2006 in Laishevskiy district of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 2001-2003 and 2002-2004 the total vector activity of aphids for three years was 393 and 310 equivalent units, respectively, the degree of infestation at the final stage reached 45.8 and 20.8%. In 2003-2005 and 2004-2006 the total vector activity of aphids for three years was higher than in previous cycles by 2.0 ... 2.5 times (785 and 610 equivalent units, respectively), but the degree of infestation at the final stage was only 4.1% and 1, 7%. For the first time, a calculation formula was obtained and the distances between diseased potato plants were specified, depending on the degree of contamination of the seed material. With a planting density of 55 thousand plants/ha, the formula takes the following form: , where у is the distance between infected plants, meter; х is the degree of infection with the virus (х > 0), %. The relationship between the degree of planting infestation and the distance between diseased plants is inversely proportional, graphically it is a hyperbole. The dynamics of changes in the distance between infected plants was traced with a decrease in infection from 100% to close to zero values. It was revealed that the 1% level of infection is critical. With an increase in infestation from 1 to 100%, the distance between diseased plants decreases from 4.26 to 0.42 m, which is a small distance for winged aphids to overcome. A decrease in infestation from 1% to close to zero value may lead to an increase in the distance between diseased plants from 4.26 m to theoretically infinite. Seed material, with close to zero infection, is safe to reproduce for a long time without the risk of rapid reinfection, due to the significant distance for vectors between sources of infection and a decrease in the participation of most aphids in the transmission of viruses. The results obtained formed the basis for the potato seed-growing system and the technology for protecting seed potatoes from reinfection with the Y-virus in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan


2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
С.В. Мальцев ◽  
С.В. Андрианов ◽  
А.В. Митюшкин

Цель работы – определение эффективности применения ингибиторов прорастания при хранении сортов картофеля различного использования: столовых, для потребления в свежем виде, специально предназначенных для переработки на картофелепродукты, а также в качестве семенного материала. Исследования проведены в 2005–2007 и 2015–2020 годах с использованием регуляторов роста на основе д. в. хлорпрофам (Спраут-стоп; Харвест-Макс, Р; Спад-Ник, Р) и фитогормона этилена. Картофель хранили в холодильных камерах ФГБНУ «ФИЦ картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха» при температурах 3–4, 5–7, 8–10 °C. Производственные опыты по хранению проведены в АО «Озеры» Озерского района Московской области (при температурных режимах 3–4 и 8–10 °C) и ООО «ПокровскАгро» Энгельсского района Саратовской области (5–7 °C). Газацию этиленом проводили по адаптированной к российским условиям технологии Restrain. Опыты закладывали в условиях дерново-подзолистой почвы экспериментальной базы «Коренево» (Московская область, городской округ Люберцы) на фоне минерального питания N60P60K120 при локальном внесении удобрений во время нарезки гребней. Исследованиями установлено, что обработка клубней сортов столового картофеля при температуре хранения 5–7 °C препаратом Спраут-стоп способствовала снижению общих потерь на 1,0–2,0%, а при температуре хранения 8–10 °C – на 4,0–6,0%. Причем наиболее эффективно обрабатывать клубни столовых сортов в марте, а сортов картофеля на переработку – в сентябре. Применение регулятора роста Спраут-стоп на семенном картофеле оказалось неэффективным независимо от дозы и срока обработки. Использование препарата Харвест-Макс, Р на столовом картофеле сорта Гала обеспечило снижение потерь при хранении на 5,1 и 7,0% при суммарных дозах препарата 39 и 57 г/т. Применение препарата Спад-Ник, Р как отдельно, так и в сочетании с фитогормоном этиленом способствовало снижению потерь сортов картофеля, предназначенного для переработки на хрустящий картофель, на 6,9–7,7%. При этом не выявлено существенного снижения биохимических показателей клубней и пригодности картофеля к переработке при использовании ингибиторов прорастания на основе д. в. хлорпрофам. Газация семенного материала картофеля фитогормоном этиленом способствовала прибавке общей урожайности по сортам Леди Клэр и Сатурна на 14,2 и 7,4% соответственно. The aim of this research is to determine the efficiency of germination inhibitors appliance by storage of potato varieties for various target uses: table, for fresh consumption, special for processing into potato products and also as seed material. Studies were conducted in 2005–2007 and 2015–2020 using growth regulators based on active ingredient chlorpropham (Sprout-stop; Harvest-Max; Spud-nic) and the phytohormone ethylene. Potatoes were stored in the cooling chambers of the Russian Potato Research Centre at temperatures of 3–4, 5–7, 8–10 °C. Production experiments were carried out in the JSC “Ozery” of the Ozyorsky district of the Moscow region (at store temperatures of 3–4 and 8–10 °C) and LLC “PokrovskAgro” of the Engels district of the Saratov region (5–7 °C). Treatment with ethylene was carried out using the Restrain technology adapted to Russian conditions. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of sod-podzolic soil of the experimental base “Korenevo” (Moscow region, Lyuberetsky city district) with the doses of mineral fertilizers of N60P60K120 by their local appliance during cutting of ridges. In research was found that treatment of tubers of table potato varieties at a storage temperature of 5–7 °C with inhibitor Sprout-stop contributed to a reduction in total losses by 1.0–2.0% and at a storage temperature of 8–10 °C – by 4.0–6.0%. Moreover, it is most effective to treat the tubers of table varieties in March, and potato varieties for processing – in September. The use of the sprout-stop growth regulator on seed potatoes was ineffective regardless of the dose and treatment term. The use of inhibitor Harvest-Max on table potatoes of Gala variety provided a reduction in storage losses by 5.1 and 7.0% at total doses of the preparation 39 and 57 g/t. The use of inhibitor Spud-nic both separately and in combination with the plant hormone ethylene contributed to the reduction of losses of potato varieties for processing into crisps 6.9 to 7.7%. At the same time no significant decrease in biochemical parameters of tubers and in suitability of potatoes for processing when using germination inhibitors based on active ingredient chlorpropham was detected. The treatment of potato seed material with phytohormone ethylene provided an increase in total yield of the Lady Claire and Saturna varieties by 14.2 and 7.4%, respectively.


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