Some ways for obtaining healthy potato seed material

Author(s):  
S.A. Dobrokhotov ◽  
◽  
A.I. Anisimov

Some methods of obtaining a healthy seed material of potatoes (meristem culture, from seedlings of leaf tubers, etc.) are considered. The possibility of obtaining in one season, in conditions of heifers, tubers from seedlings and from them leafy minitubers is shown. The data on the yield of potatoes after different methods of improving the seed material are given.

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Powelson ◽  
Robin Ludy ◽  
Heather Heather ◽  
Debra A. Inglis ◽  
Babette Gundersen ◽  
...  

Planting of potato seed pieces infected with Phytophthora infestans can lead to the introduction of late blight within a planting. When infected seed pieces are planted, there are three resulting scenarios: (i) a healthy plant emerges, (ii) no plant emerges because of the rapid decay of the seed piece, or (iii) a symptomatic plant emerges. A major factor favoring stand establishment and seed transmission is the severity of seed piece infection. When infection is severe, stand is compromised and transmission rate is low. When infection is mild, the plant emerges before the seed piece decays and, in some instances, the pathogen makes its way from the seed piece to the plant where a stem lesion is formed. Diseased seed tubers are the principle source of late blight inoculum for infection of healthy seed pieces. Treatment of infected or blighted seed tubers with a seed dressing with activity against P. infestans is not a viable tactic because the products are ineffective against established infections. Conversely, treatment of healthy seed pieces provides a high level of protection against late blight spores that are spread during the seed handling and planting operations. Optimum effectiveness is achieved when products are applied immediately following cutting, as none are effective against established infections. Seed treatment reduces the risk of seed transmission of late blight and enhances stand establishment and plant vigor. This tactic should be an important component of an integrated late blight management program. Accepted for publication 16 January 2002. Published 29 January 2002.


2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
T.M. Oleynik ◽  
K.A. Sloblodyan ◽  
S.A. Slobodyan ◽  
R.V. Gricay

The results of improvement studies of potato varieties by chemotherapy along with the use of antiviral drugs: RNA-ase, acyclovir, izatizon, and hydrochloride as well as data on the molecular diagnosis of X-and M-viruses in vitro plants, resulting from the recovery are presented. 3 lines free from virus X and 4 lines free from potato virus M were allocated. After the testing of variety changeability and its economically valuable characteristics in field conditions one of them will be selected and submitted to the Bank in vitro redeveloped varieties.


2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Е.А. Симаков ◽  
Б.В. Анисимов ◽  
С.В. Жевора ◽  
А.В. Митюшкин ◽  
А.А. Журавлев ◽  
...  

Для преодоления зависимости товаропроизводителей от импорта зарубежного семенного материала, удовлетворения возросших требований к потребительским и столовым качествам клубней сортов картофеля и структуре целевого использования урожая определены приоритетные направления совершенствования селекции и семеноводства картофеля на ближайшую и длительную перспективу. Представлены результаты целенаправленной селекции сортов картофеля нового поколения различных сроков созревания с конкретными параметрами хозяйственно полезных признаков, определяющих их целевое использование в соответствии с запросами отечественного рынка картофеля. Предложена система мер по развитию селекции и семеноводства картофеля, способствующая повышению эффективности создания и использования потенциала отечественных сортов, наращиванию объемов производства качественного семенного материала высоких посевных стандартов. Среди них: скрининг и постоянное обновление генофонда, формирование, пополнение и поддержание признаковых генетических коллекций, разработка системы генетических и молекулярных маркеров ценных хозяйственных признаков, развитие селекционных программ по созданию сортов с пигментированной окраской мякоти клубней, повышенным содержанием антиоксидантов и высокой питательной ценностью, разработка эффективных приемов и методов взращивания высококачественного семенного картофеля на основе созданиях исходного материала, свободного от вирусных, вироидных и бактериальных фитопатогенов, освоение адаптивных ресурсо- и энергоэкономичных технологий и схем семеноводства картофеля, средств защиты, машин и механизмов, обеспечивающих качество сортовых семян, формирование региональной сети учреждений РАН и агропредприятий по оригинальному семеноводству картофеля, выделение специальных семеноводческих территорий с наиболее чистыми фитосанитарными условиями и т.п. Это позволит ускорить переход сельхозпредприятий и крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств на использование для посадки только сертифицированных семян не ниже 1-2 репродукций. To overcome the dependence of producers on imports of foreign seed material, to meet the increased requirements for the consumer and table qualities of potato tubers and the structure of the intended use of the crop, priority areas for improving the selection and seed production of potato in the near and long term have been identified. The results of purposeful selection of new generation potato varieties of different maturation periods with specific parameters of economically useful features that determine their intended use in accordance with the requirements of the domestic potato market are presented. The proposed system of measures on development of selection and seed potatoes, facilitate the creation and use of potential native varieties, increase production of quality seed material of high seed standards. Among them: screening and constant updating of the gene pool, formation, replenishment and maintenance genetic collections of traits, development of a system of genetic and molecular markers of valuable economic traits, development of selection programs for breeding cultivars with pigmented colour of tuber pulp, high content of antioxidants and high nutritional value, development of effective methods and methods for growing high-quality seed potatoes based on the creation of source material free from viral, viroid and bacterial phytopathogens, development of adaptive resource-and energy-efficient technologies and schemes for potato seed production, protective equipment, machines and mechanisms that ensure the quality of varietal seeds, formation of a regional network of RAS institutions and agricultural enterprises for original potato seed production, allocation of special seed-growing territories with the cleanest phytosanitary conditions. This will speed up the transition of agricultural enterprises and peasant (farm) farms to use only certified seeds for planting at least 1-2 reproductions.


Author(s):  
M.V. Konopatskaya ◽  

It is determined that over a long storage period there is a moderate inverse correlation (correlation coefficient amount to -0,63) between tubers infection by silver scab and their coating by common scab ulcers. The revealed pattern may indicate the antagonistic nature of the relationship between the disease agents.


2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
BARBARA SAWICKA ◽  
PIOTR PSZCZÓŁKOWSKI ◽  
HONORATA DANILČENKO ◽  
ELVYRA JARIENE

The goal of the study was to determine the effect of sonication of different potato seed material cultivars on physicochemical properties. Tuber samples from a field experiment conducted in Parczew (51°38'N, 22°54'E) in 2015–2017 were used for the study. The experiment was carried out by the method of randomized sub-blocks, in a split-plot dependent system. The first order factor were pre-planting treatments: 1) the use of ultrasounds, 2) control object without ultrasounds. The second order factor consisted of 10 potato cultivars of all earliness groups. Seed material was a subject to immerse sonication using an ultrasonic device. Following parameters were evaluated: dry matter of tubers, starch content, textural features, acidity (pH) of potato juice. Sonication contributed to the increase in dry matter and starch contents in tubers, the change in pH towards alkaline reaction, and textural parameters of raw and cooked tubers were increased.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Y. Fedoruk ◽  
M. Grabovskyi ◽  
L. Pravdyva ◽  
N. Ostrenko ◽  
T. Lozinska ◽  
...  

Potato, one of the most important food crops in the world, is susceptible to viruses, which reduce its yield and production efficiency. The resistance of potatoes to viral infection is an essential factor in the preservation of the variety’s productive qualities. In addition, there are several ways of selection for recovering and obtaining the initial seed material that is free from viruses for further reproduction in the seed growing of potatoes. It should be noted that in the literature the issues of medium-late potato varieties resistance to viral diseases in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are not fully covered, which has become the subject of our research. In our studies we used the material obtained by the method of improving selections, as well as using thermotherapy and apical meristem culture. Over the years of reproduction both meristematic and seed material from improving selections, the virus infestation in plants wasn’t changed significantly, provided that all seed growing events were observed. It has been proven that the yield of super-super-elite of Lybid variety is not significantly changed depending on the method of obtaining the initial material. The variety Gorlitsa has higher yield in the plantations formed by clonal propagation. It has been established that the yield of variety Lybid super-elite varies, but not significantly, depending on the method of obtaining the initial material. The variety Gorlitsa has a higher super-elite yield when using the initial material from clonal propagation in breeding nurseries with use of improved selections. Significant influence on the manifestation of the sign, both in the cultivation of super-super-elites and super-elites, has the weather conditions of the year and the biological characteristics of the variety. In 2017, the highest yield of tubers was obtained at Gorlitsa – 3.74·104 kg ha-1, at Lybid the lower yield was 2.43·104 kg ha-1. In 2018, the highest yield of tubers was formed by Lybid variety – 3.50·104 kg ha-1, and the lowest was byt Gorlitsa variety – 2.56·104 kg ha-1.


2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
K. Abdurakhimov
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Ilze Skrabule ◽  
Gunta Bebre

The first potato varieties that reached the territory of Latvia were empirically selected clones from genetically diverse material brought from South America to Europe. In the 19th century, when agricultural production rapidly developed, the demand for high yielding potato varieties suitable to local growing conditions increased. Therefore, potato variety evaluation trials were set up. Scientifically- based potato breeding in Latvia was launched by P. Knappe. The potato breeding programme in Priekuïi Plant Breeding Station was started in 1931, and has still continued. Several breeding methods were used by potato breeders Ç. Knape, V. Gaujers, G. Bebre and others in Priekuïi. Potato breeding for short periods was carried out in several other places in Latvia: Stende, Carnikava, and Lejaskurzeme. The method of elimination of diseases in potato seed material and high quality seed material production was implemented in Priekuïi. More than 60 potato varieties have been created in Latvia, some of them were and still are in demand in agricultural production.


2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
I.V. Demchuk ◽  
M.M. Zaritsky

The investigation results of disease eradication systems for the initial seed potato material obtained from the meristem culture in combination with chemotherapy are shown. The special role of the virology control in these processes is demonstrated. The maintenance of morphological and productive properties in the initial seed potato material is discussed. The necessity of effective selection of bestcharacteristic lines for the potato seed initial material is underlined.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
E. V. Haksar ◽  
M. S. Romanova ◽  
O. O. Novikov ◽  
N. I. Leonova ◽  
G. A. Romashov

The results of the study on the production of potato minitubers by aeroponic and aero-hydroponic methods, which are non-substrate methods of growing plants, are presented. In order to develop technologies for growing virus-free potato seed material in closed systems, experiments on growing potato minitubers in multiuse aeroponic systems were conducted. Early-ripening potato varieties Rosara, Antonina and Yubilyar, mid-ripening Solnechny variety, and S-112 and Ch hybrids were used as the tested potato varieties. The plant growing cycle was divided into three phases: adaptation, growth, and tuberization. For each phase, different cultivation parameters were used. As a light source, highpressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per one plant on this type of systems was as follows: Antonina variety – 15.3 pcs., Yubilyar variety – 23 pcs., Hybrid Ch – 28.1 pcs., Hybrid S-112 – 30.2 pcs., Solnechny variety – 30.3 pcs., Rosara variety – 43.9 pcs. The effect of various light sources on the quantitative yield of potato minitubers of Nevsky and Yubilyar varieties was studied for this type of systems. Cultivation of potatoes in these systems was carried out according to the technology described, but using two different types of light sources. In the control variant, high-pressure sodium lamps DNaT 400 were used, in the experimental variant, LED lamps produced by CoB (full spectrum) technology with a passive cooling system were used. The use of LED lighting on Nevsky variety led to a statistically signifi cant increase in the quantitative yield of potato minitubers from one plant compared to the control, by 20.88%. The prospects of using Fagro aero-hydroponic systems for adaptation of potato microplants and for obtaining potato minitubers of Rosara and Solnechny varieties were shown. The quantitative yield of potato minitubers per plant on this type of installations was 46.9 pcs. for Rosara variety, and 56.7 pcs. for Solnechny.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document