scholarly journals ESTUDO DA PRODUÇÃO DE ENERGIA EÓLICA A PARTIR DE MEDIÇÕES ANEMOMÉTRICAS DA ESTAÇÃO DE CRAÍBAS/AL E SIMULAÇÕES COM O MODELO WASP

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Thays Paes de Oliveira ◽  
Rosiberto Salustiano da Silva Junior ◽  
Roberto Fernando Fonseca Lyra ◽  
Sandro Correia Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Wind Potential ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Intensity Density ◽  
Different Levels

Wind energy is seen as one of the promising generation of electricity, as a source of cheap and renewable, is benefit to reduce the environmental impacts of the dam. Along with the hydroelectric networks, the energy produced by the wind will help to increase power generation capacity in the country. That from speed data and direction municipality Wind Craíbas in the corresponding period 2014 - 2015, estimated the wind potential of the region. The tool used in the treatment of the collected data was the Wasp, making simulations of three different levels of measurement, producing a fictitious wind farm with powerful wind turbine. With the model, WASP helps estimate the probability distribution of Weibull and scale parameters A and K. he predominant wind direction is southeast and the best wind power and intensity density levels took place in 70m and 100m high , with about 201 W / m² and 243 W / m² respectively. But when evalua ted the inclusion of fictitious wind farm, the best use happened at 100m tall with production around 73.039 GWh , which can be attributed this improvement to increased efficiency of the wind turbine used in the simulation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Wind Turbine Aging through Operation Data Calibrated by LiDAR Measurement

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Hyun-Goo Kim ◽  
Jin-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Wake Effect

This study analyzed the performance decline of wind turbine with age using the SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) data and the short-term in situ LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) measurements taken at the Shinan wind farm located on the coast of Bigeumdo Island in the southwestern sea of South Korea. Existing methods have generally attempted to estimate performance aging through long-term trend analysis of a normalized capacity factor in which wind speed variability is calibrated. However, this study proposes a new method using SCADA data for wind farms whose total operation period is short (less than a decade). That is, the trend of power output deficit between predicted and actual power generation was analyzed in order to estimate performance aging, wherein a theoretically predicted level of power generation was calculated by substituting a free stream wind speed projecting to a wind turbine into its power curve. To calibrate a distorted wind speed measurement in a nacelle anemometer caused by the wake effect resulting from the rotation of wind-turbine blades and the shape of the nacelle, the free stream wind speed was measured using LiDAR remote sensing as the reference data; and the nacelle transfer function, which converts nacelle wind speed into free stream wind speed, was derived. A four-year analysis of the Shinan wind farm showed that the rate of performance aging of the wind turbines was estimated to be −0.52%p/year.

Hub height optimisation of commercial WTGs based on accurate wind resource analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110227
Author(s):  
Kyle O Roberts ◽  
Nawaz Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Resource Analysis ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Unique Maximum ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Wind Resource

Wind turbine selection and optimal hub height positioning are crucial elements of wind power projects. However, in higher class wind speeds especially, over-exposure of wind turbines can lead to a reduction in power generation capacity. In this study, wind measurements from a met mast were validated according to specifications issued by IRENA and NREL. As a first step, it is shown that commercial WTGs from a database may be matched to the wind class and turbulence intensity. Secondly, a wind turbine selection algorithm, based on maximisation of capacity factor, was implemented across the range of WTGs. The selected WTGs were further exposed to an iterative algorithm using pointwise air density and wind shear coefficients. It is shown that a unique maximum capacity factor, and hence wind power generation, exists for a wind turbine, premised on its eventual over-exposure to the wind resource above a certain hub height.

The optimization of pricing strategy for the wind power equipment aftermarket service

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingcheng Kong ◽  
Ling Liang ◽  
Jianhong Xu ◽  
Weisi Zhang ◽  
Weijun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
Service Pricing ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Aftermarket Services

Purpose Although the wind power industry has been booming in China during the last decade, the development of wind turbine aftermarket service is still lagging behind, which seriously affects the operational efficiency of wind farms. If wind turbine manufacturers get involved in the aftermarket, the service pricing policy will impact the profits of both the manufacturer and the wind farm. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss an optimal service pricing strategy in the wind turbine aftermarket and design a method to improve electricity generation efficiency through service contract design. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In order to decide the maintenance quantity and channel effort level, the authors design a normal Stackelberg game and an efficiency value-added revenue-sharing contract and discuss two kinds of revenue increment sharing models under situations, in which the supply chain’s leaders are the wind farm and the wind turbine manufacturer, respectively. Findings The results show that in either case, there exist optimal power generation revenue-sharing ratios that can maximize profit. At the same time, the authors outline an optimal service pricing policy, maintenance demand policy and channel service effort-level policy. The results summarize the influences of wind aftermarket services on wind farms’ and wind turbine manufacturers’ profit, which provides managerial insights into the process of manufacturing servitization. Practical implications The manufacturer’s channel effort level will influence the power generation increments very much, so the authors have developed a mechanism to stimulate the manufacturer improving the efficiency of aftermarket services. Originality/value Taking the power generation increment revenue as the profit increment function, the authors discuss the influence of service price on the profit increment of the wind farm and the wind turbine manufacturer and also consider the influence of service price on the wind farms maintenance quantity and wind turbine manufacturers channel effort level.

scholarly journals Potential of Electricity Generation on the Western Coast of Mediterranean Sea in Egypt

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
A. Ahmed Shata ◽  
S. Abdelaty ◽  
R. Hanitsch
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Wind Potential

Potential of Electricity Generation on the Western Coast of Mediterranean Sea in EgyptA technical and economic assessment has been made of the electricity generation by wind turbines located at three promising potential wind sites: Sidi Barrani, Mersa Matruh and El Dabaa in the extreme northwest of Egypt along the Mediterranean Sea. These contiguous stations along the coast have an annual mean wind speed greater than 5.0 m/s at a height of 10 m. Weibull's parameters and the power law coefficient for all seasons have been estimated and used to describe the distribution and behavior of seasonal winds at these stations. The annual values of wind potential at the heights of 70-100 m above the ground level were obtained by extrapolation of the 10 m data from the results of our previous work using the power law. The three stations have a high wind power density, ranging from 340-425 to 450-555 W/m2at the heights of 70-100 m, respectively. In this paper, an analysis of the cost per kWh of electricity generated by two different systems has been made: one using a relatively large single 2 MW wind turbine and the other - 25 small wind turbines (80 kW, total 2 MW) arranged in a wind farm. The yearly energy output of each system at each site was determined, and the electricity generation costs in each case were also calculated and compared with those at using diesel oil, natural gas and photovoltaic systems furnished by the Egyptian Electricity Authority. The single 2 MW wind turbine was found to be more efficient than the wind farm. For all the three considered stations the electricity production cost was found to be less than 2 ϵ cent/kWh, which is about half the specific cost of the wind farm.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Turbine Fatigue and Ultimate Loads to Wind and Wake Characteristics in a Small Wind Farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Shaler ◽  
Amy N. Robertson ◽  
Jason Jonkman
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Inflow Conditions ◽  
Calibration Parameters

Abstract. Wind turbines are designed using a set of simulations to determine the fatigue and ultimate loads, typically focused solely on unwaked wind turbine operation. These structural loads can be significantly influenced by the wind inflow conditions. When placed in the wake of upstream turbines, turbines experience altered inflow conditions, which can additionally influence the fatigue and ultimate loads. Although significant research and effort has been put into measuring and defining such parameters, limited work has been done to quantify the sensitivity of structural loads to the inevitable uncertainty in these inflow conditions, especially in a wind farm setting with waked conditions. It is therefore important to understand the impact such uncertainties have on the resulting loads of both non-waked and waked turbines. The goal of this work is to assess which wind-inflow- and wake-related parameters have the greatest influence on fatigue and ultimate loads during normal operation for turbines in a three-turbine wind farm. Twenty-eight wind inflow and wake parameters were screened using an elementary effects sensitivity analysis approach to identify the parameters that lead to the largest variation in the fatigue and ultimate loads of each turbine. This study was performed using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW baseline wind turbine with synthetically generated inflow based on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Kaimal turbulence spectrum with IEC exponential coherence model. The focus was on sensitivity to individual parameters, though interactions between parameters were considered, and how sensitivity differs between waked and non-waked turbines. The results of this work show that for both waked and non-waked turbines, ambient turbulence in the primary wind direction and shear were the most sensitive parameters for turbine fatigue and ultimate loads. Secondary parameters of importance for all turbines were identified as yaw misalignment, u-direction integral length, and the exponent and u components of the IEC coherence model. The tertiary parameters of importance differ between waked and non-waked turbines. Tertiary effects account for up to 9.0 % of the significant events for waked turbine ultimate loads and include veer; non-streamwise components of the IEC coherence model; Reynolds stresses; wind direction; air density; and several wake calibration parameters. For fatigue loads, tertiary effects account for up to 5.4 % of the significant events and include vertical turbulence standard deviation; lateral and vertical wind integral lengths; lateral and vertical wind components of the IEC coherence model; Reynolds stresses; wind direction; and all wake calibration parameters. This information shows the increased importance of non-streamwise wind components and wake parameters in fatigue and ultimate load sensitivity of downstream turbines.

scholarly journals Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1453
Author(s):  
Eric Simley ◽  
Paul Fleming ◽  
Nicolas Girard ◽  
Lucas Alloin ◽  
Emma Godefroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Variability Model

Abstract. Wake steering is a wind farm control strategy in which upstream wind turbines are misaligned with the wind to redirect their wakes away from downstream turbines, thereby increasing the net wind plant power production and reducing fatigue loads generated by wake turbulence. In this paper, we present results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant involving two wind turbines spaced 3.7 rotor diameters apart. During the 3-month experiment period, we estimate that wake steering reduced wake losses by 5.6 % for the wind direction sector investigated. After applying a long-term correction based on the site wind rose, the reduction in wake losses increases to 9.3 %. As a function of wind speed, we find large energy improvements near cut-in wind speed, where wake steering can prevent the downstream wind turbine from shutting down. Yet for wind speeds between 6–8 m/s, we observe little change in performance with wake steering. However, wake steering was found to improve energy production significantly for below-rated wind speeds from 8–12 m/s. By measuring the relationship between yaw misalignment and power production using a nacelle lidar, we attribute much of the improvement in wake-steering performance at higher wind speeds to a significant reduction in the power loss of the upstream turbine as wind speed increases. Additionally, we find higher wind direction variability at lower wind speeds, which contributes to poor performance in the 6–8 m/s wind speed bin because of slow yaw controller dynamics. Further, we compare the measured performance of wake steering to predictions using the FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State) wind farm control tool coupled with a wind direction variability model. Although the achieved yaw offsets at the upstream wind turbine fall short of the intended yaw offsets, we find that they are predicted well by the wind direction variability model. When incorporating the expected yaw offsets, estimates of the energy improvement from wake steering using FLORIS closely match the experimental results.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis and modelling of the feasibility of wind energy in Kuwait

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Seyed Amir Kaboli ◽  
Reyhaneh Nazmabadi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
The Impact

There continues to be significant attention and investment in wind power generation, which can supply a high percentage of the global demand for renewable energy if harvested efficiently. The research study is based on techno-economic analysis of the feasibility of implementing wind power generation in Kuwait with a power generation capacity of 105 MW based on 50 wind turbines, which has a major requirement for clean energy. The study focused on three main areas of analysis and numerical modeling using the RETScreen software tool. The first area involved evaluating the performance and efficacy of generating wind power by collecting, analyzing, and modeling data on observed wind levels, wind turbine operation, and wind power generation. The second area comprised an environmental impact review to assess the environmental benefits of implementing wind power. The third area involved economic analysis of installing wind power in Kuwait. The analysis was undertaken to assess the energy recovery time for wind energy and determine the mitigation of global warming and pollution levels, the decrease of toxic emissions, and any cost savings from implementing clean energy systems in Kuwait. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of certain variables in the modeling process. The results are used to estimate that the energy price would be $0.053 per kWh for a power generation capacity of 105 MWh based on an initial cost of $168 million and O&M of $5 million for 214,000 MWh of electricity exported to the grid. Moreover, the wind turbine farm will potentially avoid the emission of approximately 1.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, thereby saving approximately $9 million over 20 years spent installing carbon capture systems for conventional power plants. The wind farm containing a simple wind turbine is estimated to have a payback period of 9.1 years.

scholarly journals Results from a Wake Steering Experiment at a Commercial Wind Plant: Investigating the Wind Speed Dependence of Wake Steering Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Simley ◽  
Paul Fleming ◽  
Nicolas Girard ◽  
Lucas Alloin ◽  
Emma Godefroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Variability Model

Abstract. Wake steering is a wind farm control strategy in which upstream wind turbines are misaligned with the wind to redirect their wakes away from downstream turbines, thereby increasing the net wind plant power production and reducing fatigue loads generated by wake turbulence. In this paper, we present results from a wake steering experiment at a commercial wind plant involving two wind turbines spaced 3.7 rotor diameters apart. During the three-month experiment period, we estimate that wake steering reduced wake losses by 5.7 % for the wind direction sector investigated. After applying a long-term correction based on the site wind rose, the reduction in wake losses increases to 9.8 %. As a function of wind speed, we find large energy improvements near cut-in wind speed, where wake steering can prevent the downstream wind turbine from shutting down. Yet for wind speeds between 6–8 m/s, we observe little change in performance with wake steering. However, wake steering was found to improve energy production significantly for below-rated wind speeds from 8–12 m/s. By measuring the relationship between yaw misalignment and power production using a nacelle lidar, we attribute much of the improvement in wake steering performance at higher wind speeds to a significant reduction in the power loss of the upstream turbine as wind speed increases. Additionally, we find higher wind direction variability at lower wind speeds, which contributes to poor performance in the 6–8 m/s wind speed bin because of slow yaw controller dynamics. Further, we compare the measured performance of wake steering to predictions using the FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State) wind farm control tool coupled with a wind direction variability model. Although the achieved yaw offsets at the upstream wind turbine fall short of the intended yaw offsets, we find that they are predicted well by the wind direction variability model. When incorporating the predicted achieved yaw offsets, estimates of the energy improvement from wake steering using FLORIS closely match the experimental results.

scholarly journals Development of Flapping Panel Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2119-2122
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Generation Capacity

In a developing nation like India, electricity has become one of the most important basic needs nowadays. Coal and gasoline based power generation capacity stands at 71% in India, which contributes to a considerable part of air pollution. There are various renewable energy sources which are pollution free, one among them is the wind energy. So the main objective of the project is to facilitate pollution free power generation for individual purpose. In order to understand the problem and working, a flapping panel vertical axis wind turbine was designed. The main advantage of using a vertical axis wind turbine is that it need not pointed towards the wind and also vertical axis wind turbine is more comfortable to erect for domestic purposes. The flapping panel wind turbine is designed using solidworks software and analysed using Ansys Fluent. By making use of the wind, the flapping panels attached to the shaft rotate and the rotor is connected to the permanent magnet electricity generator (PMG). The PMG converts the Kinetic energy of the rotor shaft into electrical energy. The PMG we have used has the capacity of producing maximum power at 1200rpm. On calculating theoretically, the power output is found to be 8W for the rotation of 76.39 rpm and for 1200rpm the power output is calculated to be 125W. The entire wind turbine setup is compact in size and can be easily mounted and erected.

scholarly journals Experimental results of wake steering using fixed angles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fleming ◽  
Michael Sinner ◽  
Tom Young ◽  
Marine Lannic ◽  
Jennifer King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Wake Model ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. In this article, the authors present a test of wake steering at a commercial wind farm. A single fixed yaw offset, rather than an optimized offset schedule, is alternately applied to an upstream wind turbine and the effect on downstream turbines is analyzed. This experimental design allows for comparison with engineering wake models independent of the controller's ability to track a varying offset and correctly measure wind direction. Additionally, by applying the same offset in beneficial and detrimental conditions, we are able to collect important data for assessing second-order wake model predictions. Results of the article from collected data show good agreement with the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) engineering model and offer support for the asymmetry of wake steering predicted by newer models, such as the Gauss-curl hybrid model.

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