scholarly journals Replacement of conventional plastic shampoo packaging for biodegradable ones – a survey.

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. e15
Author(s):  
Laís Da Costa Saboia ◽  
Renata Nunes Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Packaging is present in our daily lives, however, packaging for cosmetics is based on polymers from petroleum, which cause environmental impacts. A promising alternative would be the usage of biodegradable materials, such as biopolymers packaging. The present work proposed a survey to map public opinion about hygienic products change. 151 people from different segments of society answered the survey (questions related to environmental awareness, possible acceptability of changing traditional shampoos packaging for biodegradable ones). It was also observed the influence of the level of education on these choices. A large part of the participants was willing to accept products encased in biodegradable materials, but these group of people would have caution due to probable increase of price. In addition, there is a correlation between level of education and the attitude towards the environmental perspective, so those who studied more, tend to have more positive attitudes towards the environment

Trust in the Police: Cross-country Comparisons

2012 ◽  
pp. 24-47
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson ◽  
G. Monusova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Police Activity

Using different cross-country data sets and simple econometric techniques we study public attitudes towards the police. More positive attitudes are more likely to emerge in the countries that have better functioning democratic institutions, less prone to corruption but enjoy more transparent and accountable police activity. This has a stronger impact on the public opinion (trust and attitudes) than objective crime rates or density of policemen. Citizens tend to trust more in those (policemen) with whom they share common values and can have some control over. The latter is a function of democracy. In authoritarian countries — “police states” — this tendency may not work directly. When we move from semi-authoritarian countries to openly authoritarian ones the trust in the police measured by surveys can also rise. As a result, the trust appears to be U-shaped along the quality of government axis. This phenomenon can be explained with two simple facts. First, publicly spread information concerning police activity in authoritarian countries is strongly controlled; second, the police itself is better controlled by authoritarian regimes which are afraid of dangerous (for them) erosion of this institution.

scholarly journals Ethno-Religious Identification and Social Distance Between Muslims and Christians: Analysis on Social Identity Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Cahyo Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Individual

This article aims to investigate the relationship between ethno-religious identity and the social distancebetween Muslims and Christians in Ambon and Yogyakarta, taking into account factors at the individual level.Also, this research is addressed to fll a gap in the literature between studies that emphasize economic andpolitical competition as the main sources of con?ict, and studies that focus on prejudice and discriminationas causes of con?ict. The central question is: to what extent is ethno-religious identifcation present amongMuslims and Christians in Ambon and Yogyakarta and observable in their daily lives? This research usessocial identity theory that attempts to question why people like their in-group, and dislike out-groups. Thetheory says that individuals struggle for positive in-group distinctiveness, and have positive attitudes towardtheir in-group and negative attitudes towards out-groups. This research uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A survey was conducted with 1500 university students from six universities in Ambon andYogyakarta. By using quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, this study came up with several fndings. Firstly, the study found high levels of religious identifcation among Muslim and Christian respondents,demonstrated by their participation in religious practices, which we defne as frequency of praying, attendingreligious services, and reading the Holy Scriptures. Secondly, social distance consists of contact avoidance,avoidance of future spouses from another religion, and the support for residential segregation. Di?erencesfrom the mean show that Muslim respondents tend to display higher contact avoidance and support forresidential segregation compared to Christian respondents. Thirdly, analysis of variance demonstrates thatelements of ethno-religious identity are related signifcantly to elements of social distance.

Earth-Based Mortars: Mix Design, Mechanical Characterization and Environmental Performance Assessment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayane de Lima Moura Paiva ◽  
Adriana Paiva Souza Martins ◽  
Lucas Rosse Caldas ◽  
Oscar A.M. Reales ◽  
Romildo Dias Toledo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Earth

The incorporation of sustainable materials in the civil construction sector has grown in recent years to minimize environmental impacts. Among these materials, the use of earth, a local raw material that does not require much energy for its processing, appears as an advantageous and promising alternative. Earth mortars stabilized with natural binders, when compared to conventional mortars, can have technological, economic and environmental advantages. The objective of this work was to develop an earth-based mortar stabilized with mineral binders using a 1:3 binder to aggregate mass proportion, and to evaluate its fresh and hardened state properties, as well as its environmental impacts using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with a cradle to gate scope. The selected materials were divided in four groups: (i) cement, hydrated lime, fly ash and metakaolinite (binders), (ii) natural sand and coarse fraction of the earth (aggregates), (iii) calcium chloride and superplasticizer (additives) and (iv) water. In the matrix formulation the clay fraction from earth constituted the majority of the binder. The selection of supplementary cementitious materials as additional binders provided improvements in workability and mechanical properties of the mortar. A mix design was carried out using different cement (5; 7.5 and 10%) and fly ash (11; 13.5 and 16%) mass percentages. The water/binder material ratio, superplasticizer content and calcium chloride content were 0.65; 2% and 1%, respectively. The results showed that an increase in fly ash content combined with a decrease in cement content provided an increase in workability and a decrease in mechanical properties of mortars. Nevertheless, the mechanical performance of the mortars remained above the minimum values prescribed in Brazilian construction codes. From the results analysis it was concluded that partial replacement of cement by fly ash provided greater workability in the fresh state and reduced the environmental impacts of the earth-based mortar.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Environmental Impact of Traditional Clay Bricks Mixed with Organic Waste Using Life Cycle Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Lozano-Miralles ◽  
Manuel Hermoso-Orzáez ◽  
Carmen Martínez-García ◽  
José Rojas-Sola
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
The Impact

The construction industry is responsible for 40–45% of primary energy consumption in Europe. Therefore, it is essential to find new materials with a lower environmental impact to achieve sustainable buildings. The objective of this study was to carry out the life cycle analysis (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts of baked clay bricks incorporating organic waste. The scope of this comparative study of LCA covers cradle to gate and involves the extraction of clay and organic waste from the brick, transport, crushing, modelling, drying and cooking. Local sustainability within a circular economy strategy is used as a laboratory test. The energy used during the cooking process of the bricks modified with organic waste, the gas emission concentrate and the emission factors are quantified experimentally in the laboratory. Potential environmental impacts are analysed and compared using the ReCiPe midpoint LCA method using SimaPro 8.0.5.13. These results achieved from this method are compared with those obtained with a second method—Impact 2002+ v2.12. The results of LCA show that the incorporation of organic waste in bricks is favourable from an environmental point of view and is a promising alternative approach in terms of environmental impacts, as it leads to a decrease of 15–20% in all the impact categories studied. Therefore, the suitability of the use of organic additives in clay bricks was confirmed, as this addition was shown to improve their efficiency and sustainability, thus reducing the environmental impact.

Political Intolerance in the USSR

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. GIBSON ◽  
RAYMOND M. DUCH
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
The West ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Relationship

Political tolerance is a democratic value that has often been studied by those interested in the relationship between mass public opinion and democracy. Yet most research efforts have been mounted in relatively democratic regimes. Little is known about political tolerance in relatively totalitarian regimes. The authors' purpose in this article is to explore intolerance within the mass public of the Soviet Union. Focusing on two surveys of public opinion conducted in the USSR in 1990, the authors demonstrate that political intolerance is fairly widespread in the Soviet Union. Moreover, the objects of intolerance are focused, not dispersed pluralistically. Many of the predictors of intolerance found useful in the West (e.g., perceptions of threat, closed-mindedness) are also good predictors in the Soviet Union. Level of education plays an especially interesting role, contributing to support for more general democratic values, but not directly to political tolerance. The authors conclude this article by speculating about the future of the democratization process in the USSR in light of regnant intolerance in that country.

scholarly journals CONTENT ANALYSIS OF AL-QUR'AN SCIENCE INTEGRATION IN CHILDREN'S ANIMATED SERIAL OF RIKO THE SERIES ON HUJAN’S EPISODE

Ta dib ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Dadan Suryana ◽  
Resti Yulia ◽  
Safrizal Safrizal
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Science Integration ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

The Qur'an is a source of value in the development of religion, morals, and knowledge for early childhood, especially for Muslim children. The integration of science-based knowledge is often highlighted at every level of education, especially in PAUD. This study uses a qualitative descriptive with the type of document analysis or content analysis. The data analysis technique used refers to the Saussure model. The stages in the analysis of research data are content analysis, information grouping, data interpretation, and verification. Testing the validity of the data using the credibility test, namely by increasing the persistence of researchers in terms of reviewing the important points of the analyzed content. The results showed that the animated film Riko the series became a science learning solution that was integrated with Al-Qur'an learning to give meaning to Al-Qur'an learning so that it was not limited to memorization but could be directly related to children's daily lives.

scholarly journals Are American’s Attitudes Toward GM Science Really Negative? An Academic Examination of Attitudes and Willingness to Expose Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Taylor K. Ruth ◽  
Joy N. Rumble ◽  
Alexa J. Lamm ◽  
Traci Irani ◽  
Jason D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Spiral Of Silence ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Spiral Of Silence ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this study was to reexamine attitudes toward GM (genetic modification) science and explore whether tenets of the historic spiral of silence theory still exist to explain attitudes and willingness to expose attitudes. A national survey of 1,050 U.S. residents revealed the majority of respondents had positive attitudes toward GM science; however, these respondents were no more willing to express their attitudes compared to those with neutral or negative attitudes. The findings from this study did not fully support the spiral of silence but provided insight into public opinion formation and measurement.

Mass Political Attitudes and the Survey Response

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Achen
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Public Opinion Research ◽  
Survey Questions

Students of public opinion research have argued that voters show very little consistency and structure in their political attitudes. A model of the survey response is proposed which takes account of the vagueness in opinion survey questions and in response categories. When estimates are made of this vagueness or “measurement error” and the estimates applied to the principal previous study, nearly all the inconsistency is shown to be the result of the vagueness of the questions rather than of any failure by the respondents.

scholarly journals OPENCRONIC Study. Knowledge and Experiences of Spanish Patients and Carers about Chronic Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Emilio Casariego ◽  
Ana Cebrián-Cuenca ◽  
José Llisterri ◽  
Rafael Micó-Pérez ◽  
Domingo Orozco-Beltran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
And Training

Background: Chronic diseases are currently the main cause of morbidity and mortality and represent a major challenge to healthcare systems. The objective of this study is to know Spanish public opinion about chronic disease and how it affects their daily lives. Methods: Through a telephone or online survey of 24 questions, data was gathered on the characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge and experiences of chronic diseases. Results: Of the 2522 survey respondents, 325 had a chronic disease and were carers, 1088 had a chronic disease and were not carers, 140 did not have a chronic disease but were carers, and 969 did not have chronic disease and were not carers. The degree of knowledge on these diseases was good or very good for 69.4%, 56.0%, 62.2%, and 46.7%, respectively, for each group. All the groups agreed that chronic diseases mainly affect mood, quality of life and having to make sacrifices. Conclusions: Knowledge about chronic diseases is relatively good, although it can be improved among the Spanish population, especially among patients who report having a chronic disease and play the role of carers. However, it is important to continue maintaining the level of information and training concerning these diseases.

scholarly journals مستوى الوعي البيئي لدى طلبة كلية العلوم التربوية في جامعة القدس المفتوحة واتجاهاتهم نحوه

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-140
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Educational Sciences ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Academic Year

هدفت الدراسة إلى قياس مستوى الوعي البيئي لدى طلبة كلية العلوم التربوية في جامعة القدس المفتوحة واتجاهاتهم نحوه، استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وبلغت عينة الدراسة (172) طالبا وطالبة للعام الجامعي 2017/2018، وكانت أداة الدراسة عبارة عن استبانة مكونة من (45) فقرة لقياس الوعي البيئي ومقياس مكون من (34) فقرة لقياس الاتجاهات نحوه، توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج أهمها : تدني مستوى الوعي البيئي لدى عينة الدراسة حيث بلغت النسبة المئوية لمن ليس لديهم وعي بيئي(أقل من 60%) كانوا ( 90.7 ) أما من لديهم وعي بيئي ( 60% فأكثر) كانوا (9.3%. توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لصالح الذكور في مستوى الوعي البيئي بين الجنسين حيث بلغ الوسط الحسابي للذكور (52.5) والوسط الحسابي للإناث (49.1). ومن لديهم اتجاهات نحو الوعي البيئي بلغ (14.5%) أما من ليس لديهم اتجاهات إيجابية نحو الوعي البيئي فقد بلغ (85.5%)، لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الجنسين وبين مستوى الاتجاه نحو الوعي البيئي. The present study aimed at measuring the level of environmental awareness among the students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Al-Quds Open University and their attitudes towards it. The descriptive analytical approach was followed on a sample of (172) male and female students from the Faculty of Educational Sciences in the academic year 2017/2018. To collect the data of the study, a (45) item questionnaire was used to measure the environmental awareness besides a (34) scale to measure the students’ attitudes towards it. T study concluded the low level of environmental awareness among the study sample, as only (9.3%) among the students who reached (60% and above) on the environmental awareness scale. It is worth mentioning that the percentage of environmental awareness was compared to the hypothetical percentage (60%). The results also showed that those who have no environmental awareness (cut off less than 60%) reached (90.7%), while the rest had environmental awareness (9.3%). Additionally, there are statistically significant differences of the total sample in favor of males in the level of environmental awareness, where the mean of the male was (52.5). Moreover, the results revealed that those who have positive attitudes towards environmental awareness reached (14.5%), while those who did not have positive attitudes towards environmental awareness reached (85.5%). Finally, there are no statistically significant differences between the attitudes of the students neither due to their gender nor due to the level of the trend towards environmental awareness.

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