scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TENSILE STRENGTH, CRYSTALLINITY, CRYSTALLITE SIZE, AND THERMAL STABILITY OF POLYPROPYLENE JOINED BY FRICTION STIR WELDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bambang Kusharjanta ◽  
Rudy Soenoko ◽  
Anindito Purnowidodo ◽  
Yudy Surya Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fsw Parameters

This paper aims to investigate the joining of polypropylene using friction stir welding (FSW). FSW parameters were the rotation speed of 620 rpm, the travel speed of 7.3 mm/min, and 13 mm/min. The tensile test was performed using a universal testing machine, and the results of the tensile test were related to the crystallite size and degree of crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to examine the crystallite size and degree of crystallinity while thermal analysis was carried out using TGA/DSC. Besides, the effect of the degree of crystallinity on the thermal stability at the weld nugget area due to travel speed is explained in this paper. The findings showed that FSW with a travel speed of 7.3 mm/min had a higher crystallite size and degree of crystallinity than that with a travel speed of 13 mm/min, because there is a fusion of crystals and also recrystallization occurs, as an effect of the difference in the length of time exposed to heat during the FSW process. From the study results, it can be seen that the FSW with a 7.3 mm/minute travel speed has a higher crystal size and degree of crystallinity compare with the use of 13 mm/minute travel speed. The reason for that, the difference in heat exposure time during FSW affects crystal fusion and recrystallization. A sample with a travel speed of 7.3 mm/min had high tensile strength because it obtains sufficient heat for a more complete joint. In terms of thermal stability, the specimen with a lower travel speed showed a higher stability level than the specimen with a higher travel speed in that of the higher degree of crystallinity.

Considerations on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Butt Welds of the EN AW 5754 Aluminium Alloy, Made by Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1157 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Victor Verbiţchi ◽  
Radu Cojocaru ◽  
Lia Nicoleta Boțilă ◽  
Cristian Ciucă ◽  
Ion Aurel Perianu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Parent Metal ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Fsw Parameters

Experiments have been performed for the butt welding of 160 mm x 90 mm x 2 mm sheets of EN AW 5754 aluminium alloy, where the friction stir welding (FSW) has been used.Referring to the parent metal, the chemical composition and the form of wrought products of the aluminium alloy EN AW 5754 is presented, according to the standard EN 573-1:2005, respectively EN 573-3:2013. The mechanical properties of EN AW-5754 (Al Mg3) sheets are presented, according to EN 485-2:2016. The experiments have been conducted on the own equipment for friction stir welding, type FSW-4kW-10kN, to execute 8 (eight) FSW test pieces, according to EN ISO 25239-4. A quenched FSW tool, own-made of C 45 grade steel, EN 10083, has been used. The parameters of the FSW tests are shown. As main parameters, the rotational speed of the FSW tool was in the range n = 800 – 1200 rev/min, respectively the travel speed was in the range v = 50 – 200 mm/min. The run of the joining experiments is described and the joining test pieces are presented in figures. The ultimate tensile strength of the parent metal (σmin,pm) is based on the specified minimum tensile strength of the ”O” condition of the parent material, respectively this value is also required for the weld, that is σmin,w = 190 MPa. The specimens T1.0, T1.1, T2.1, T2.2, T3.1, T3.2, T4.1, T4.2, T5.1, T5.2 și T6.1 are adequate and accepted by this tensile test. The specimens T1.2, T6.2, T7.1, T72. and T8.1 can be accepted, if higher properties are achieved with a full postweld treatment. Another possibility is a lower extent of the minimum tensile strength of the weld that shall be in accordance with another design specification, for example σmin,w = 145 MPa. By the correlation of the FSW parameters with the results of the tensile test, the ranges for the main parameters with adequate values of the ultimate tensile strength are established: n = 800 – 1000 rev/min and v = 50 – 100 mm/min. By the conclusions, the main aspects of the execution of the FSW test pieces, as well as the results of the tensile tests are selected. The involved industrial areas of the applications are: electro-technique, electronics, manufacturing, shipbuilding and automotive industries. The FSW process is ecological, because it neither uses, nor produces hazardous substances. The references consist of 12 titles.

Friction Stir Welding on Corner Joint with New Surface Preparation Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 836 ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Widia Setiawan ◽  
Djarot B. Darmadi ◽  
Wahyono Suprapto ◽  
Rudy Sunoko
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Preparation Design

Aluminium 6061 was joined by friction stir welding (FSW) with new surface preparation on corner design. The distribution micro structure in Corner-joints was tool welded rotation (rpm), and travel speed (mm/mnt) observed and analyzed. The welding parameters observing the tensile strength, micro structure and micro hardness it can be said. The result structure micro are homogen whilst from tensile test the strength joint is quilt good even better from preview publihsed papers. The obtained with the transverse speed 15 mm/menit, and 1500 rpm.

scholarly journals Characterization of Brass/Steel Plates Joined by Friction Stir Welding

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Mariyappan. K ◽  
Praveen K ◽  
Suresh Kumar.S ◽  
Kadambanathan. K ◽  
Rajamanickam. S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Fsw Parameters ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this study is to show the feasibility for butt joining dissimilar brass to austenitic stainless steel plates by Friction Stir Welding. In this study, the limited FSW parameters were employed. Metallurgical characterization like Scanning Electron Microscopy and Mechanical characterization like tensile test, Micro hardness is done to investigate the joint performance and the weld zone of dissimilar brass/steel joints. The tensile strength and micro hardness values are 20 MPa, 122 MPa and 157 MPa and 175 Hv, 196 Hv and 199 Hv for the table traverse speeds of 40 mm/min, 50 mm/min and 60 mm/min respectively. The tensile strength of dissimilar brass/steel joint was found to be lower than that of parent metals. The defect free brass/steel interfaces were seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy. It was illustrated that the stirred zone exposed to two main structures namely, recrystallized grains of brass and intercalated swirl and vortex-like structure which can be characterized both the recrystallized brass grains and steel layers. This work is one of the preliminary studies on the detailed examinations of the dissimilar brass/steel joined by Friction stir welding. 

The Effect of Top Surface Lubrication on the Friction Stir Welding of Polycarbonate Sheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
M. M. Z. Ahmed ◽  
A. Elnaml ◽  
M. Shazly ◽  
M. M. El-Sayed Seleman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Transverse Cross Section ◽  
Joint Zone ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Shoulder ◽  
Shoulder Diameter ◽  
Fsw Parameters ◽  
Spherulitic Structure

Abstract In this work, top surface lubrication during friction stir welding of polycarbonate sheets was applied. A homogenous layer of Paraffin wax has been placed on the top surface of the joint area with a width that ensures to cover the shoulder diameter. Then FSW was applied using conventional FSW tool with rotating pin and shoulder at different FSW parameters (Rotation speeds of 1 000, 1500, 2 000 min–1 and welding speeds of 25, 50, 75,100 mm/min). The main objective of using the wax is to act as a lubricant that reduces the friction between the shoulder and the polycarbonate surface. The joints produced were investigated in terms of surface quality, internal defects, and mechanical properties. During FSW the wax is melted and played as lubricant between the tool shoulder and the polycarbonate surface and resulted in defect-free surface with no thickness reduction of the original plate. The transverse cross-section showed defect-free joints for the majority of the FSW parameters investigated. Tensile testing results showed a reduction of the tensile strength after FSW, and an enhancement in the tensile strength with the increase of welding speed or rotation speed. The fracture occurs at the joint zone and the fracture surface investigation using SEM showed the existence of spherulitic structure in the weld joint.

Effect of Taper Pin Ratio on AA7075 Aluminium Alloy Friction Stir Welding

2016 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah Othman ◽  
Norsyahfiana Abdul Razak ◽  
Luqman Hakim Ahmad Shah ◽  
Mahadzir Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Shoulder Diameter

This study focuses on the effect of pin taper tool ratio on friction stir welding of aluminum AA7075. Two pieces of AA7075 alloy with thickness of 6 mm were friction stir welded by using conventional milling machine. The shoulder diameter used in this experiment is fix 18mm. The taper pin ratio used are varied at 6:6, 6:5, 6:4, 6:3, 6:2,and 6:1. The rotational speeds that were used in this study were 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm and 1400 rpm, respectively. The welding speeds used are 60 mm/min, 80 mm/min and 100 mm/min. Microstructure observation of welded area was studied by using optical microscope. To evaluate the mechanical properties of this specimen, tensile test was used in this study. Welded specimens using taper pin ratio 6:2 shows higher tensile strength compared to other taper pin ratio up to 197 MPa. Moreover, taper pin ratio 6:1 showed better tensile test compared to taper pin ratio above 6:3. The optimum parameters were found to be taper pin ratio 6:2 with 1000 rpm of rotational speed and 60mm/min welding speed.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Microstructure Properties on Al-Cu Joint processed by Friction Stir Welding: The effect of Tilt Angle Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Jupri Jupri ◽  
Jon Affi ◽  
Devi Chandra ◽  
Mochamad Asrofi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microstructure Observation

The tilt angle tool on Aluminum A5083 and Copper C11000 joint processed by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was observed in this study. The rotation speed and transverse speed were used as a parameter process for 2500 rpm and 30 mm/min, respectively. The tensile test and microstructure observation were carried out to determine the tensile strength and metal flow on Al-Cu joint, respectively. The result shows that the highest tensile strength was in 2o tilt angle tool for 105 MPa. Its fracture surface was more close to Al and formed brittle formation.The metal flows of Al-Cu with 0o and 2o were not homogeneous and formed an agglomeration of Cu particle to Al surface.

Optimizing Friction Stir Welding of Al 6061 Alloy Using Statistical Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-754
Author(s):  
Dae Min Kang ◽  
◽  
Kyoung Do Park ◽  
Dai Yeal Lee ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Al 6061 ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Shoulder Diameter ◽  
Strength Tests

In this study, a three-way factorial design is used to optimize the friction stir welding (FSW) process of Al 6061 alloy. Control factors are shoulder diameter, travel speed, and rotation speed of tool, and each factor has three levels. Tensile strength tests are also carried out to measure the mechanical properties under various FSW conditions. In this work, travel speed, shoulder diameter, and tool speed are shown to individually be meaningful factors in the tensile strength of the alloy, but interactions among the weld factors are not detected. The result of the study is that the optimum process condition for maximum tensile strength is estimated to be A3B3C3. In addition, the presumed range of tensile strength under the optimal conditions is estimated to be 257±23 (Mpa) with 95% reliability.

Effect of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of Welded 5083 Aluminium Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 5055-5063
Author(s):  
Lixin Hao ◽  
Ruiling Jia ◽  
Xiwei Zhai ◽  
Huixia Zhang ◽  
Jian Hou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fsw Parameters

The friction stir welding (FSW) parameters were designed in this study by orthogonal experimental method. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of corresponding FSW joints of 5083 aluminium alloy (AA5083) were also investigated. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) was employed to study local potential differences on the FSW joint. Results showed that the welding parameters greatly influenced the FSW joint properties of the AA5083. The ratio of rotation speed to welding speed (n/v) mainly affected the mechanical properties of the joint. The tensile strength for the joint was reduced when welded with too large or too small n/v. The hardness of all FSW joints was characterized with similar ‘W-shaped,’ and minimum hardness value appeared on advancing side of the heat affected zone. Different heat input and agitation intensity caused heterogeneous microstructure for the AA5083 FSW joint, which led to differences in passivation properties of weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone. Susceptibility of the AA5083 FSW joint to pitting corrosion was attributed to the difference of relative potential between the intermetallic phase and Al matrix.

Tool Design and Speed Parameters Effects on Microstructure and Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) 5052 Al Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 3165-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodratollah Roudini ◽  
Sajad Gholami Shiri ◽  
Masoud Mohammadi Rahvard
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Tool Design ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Shoulder Diameter ◽  
Tool Rotation

there are some parameters in friction stir welding (FSW) technique such as tool design, tool rotation speed and tool travel which can be controlled in a precise manner thus controlling the energy input into the system. In this study the effects of these parameters were investigated on microstructure and tensile strength of 5052 aluminum alloy. Roll sheets of this alloy were welded by FSW method at different rotation speeds (400, 800, 1600 and 2500 rpm), welding speeds (50 and 100 mm/min) and tools shoulder diameters (14 and 20 mm). The microstructure results showed that the stir zone (SZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) had dynamically recrystallized and recovered respectively. Also the tensile strength of samples welded at tool rotation speeds of 400 and 800 rpm, travel speed 50 mm/min and tools shoulder diameter of 20 mm is similar to that of base metal. The tool rotation speeds of 400 rpm have a good welding ability with higher travel speed and lower tools shoulder diameter.

Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Mg-1Al-xSn-0.3Mn Magnesium Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Lian Xu ◽  
Fu Sheng Pan ◽  
Xian Quan Jiang ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Yang Ran
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Friction Stir Weld ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Non Destructive

For the study of the weldability of new-typed Mg-1Al-xSn-0.3Mn (x=1,3) magnesium alloys, the plates of extruded Mg-1Al-xSn-0.3Mn (x=1,3) magnesium alloys with a thickness of 2.8 mm were friction stir welded by butt. And the microstructure and properties were tested and analyzed by X-ray non-destructive test, OM, SEM, EDS, microhardness and tensile test. The results show that the above-mentioned magnesium alloys could be successfully butt-welded without any defect by friction stir welding, the microstructure in the NZ was fine and equiaxed, and some grains in the TMAZ were elongated in the form of bars. Moreover, the tensile strength of the friction stir weld could reached over 85% that of the base material and the HAZ at advancing side of the weld had the lowest hardness.

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