scholarly journals Development of gel for Aedes aegypti repellent with combination of cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum burmannii Blume) and fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Evah Sohipah ◽  
Anny Purba ◽  
Ratna Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Skin Irritation Test ◽  
Fennel Oil

Background/Aim: Aim of this study was to develop efficient mosquito repellent by combining fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) and cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum burmannii Blume) in a gel preparation form. Methods: Effectiveness of each oil and its combination as viral repellents was tested by the World Health Organization's Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) method. Repellent was prepared in gel form. Evaluation of gel preparation included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, flow properties, acute skin irritation test and effectiveness test as mosquito repellent. Results: The mosquito protection test for cinnamon oil showed that cinnamon oil was most effective at concentration of 15 % (96.85 %), and fennel oil at 24 % concentration (79.26 %). Within 6 hours, gel made of 24 % fennel oil and 15 % cinnamon oil combination gave protection against 53.49 % mosquitoes. Conclusion: The combination of cinnamon oil and fennel oil can be formulated into gel form with satisfying physical and chemical characteristics and effectiveness against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for 6 hours.

Determination of Antioxidant Activities and Bioactive Components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Samonsabar)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare

World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of developing countries use traditional medicines, mostly natural plant products, for their primary health care needs. In the past few decades, the medicinal value of plants has been assumed more important dimension owing largely to the discovery that extracts from plants contain not only primary metabolites but also a diverse array of secondary metabolites with antioxidant potential. Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. Antioxidants are vital substances which possess ability to protect the body from damage due to free radical-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of current study was to determine the antioxidant activities and bioactive components of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) (Samonsabar) seeds by using UV Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Aqueous extract of fennel seeds showed more antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.28 ug/ml) than ethanolic extract (IC50: 0.83 ug/ml) and comparable to standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid (IC50: 0.59 ug/ml). GC-MS analysis was fruitful in identification of compounds based on peak area, retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, MS Fragmentions and pharmacological actions. Ten bioactive phytochemical compounds from aqueous extracts and 11 from ethanolic extract of fennel seeds were identified. These findings indicated that fennel seeds are potential to provide preventive properties against oxidative damage. These results will give scientific information for quality control of indigenous drug to herbal medicine users and local practitioners using fennel for different types of ailments

scholarly journals Ligusticum sinense Nanoemulsion Gel as Potential Repellent against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles minimus, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Anuluck Junkum ◽  
Wanchai Maleewong ◽  
Atiporn Saeung ◽  
Danita Champakaew ◽  
Arpaporn Chansang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Anopheles Minimus ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Nanoemulsion Gel ◽  
Fresh Preparation

Ligusticum sinense Oliv. cv. is a species of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae), a large plant family in the order Apiales. In this study, L. sinense hexane extract nanoemulsion gel (LHE-NEG) was investigated for mosquito repellency and compared to the standard chemical, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), with the goal of developing a natural alternative to synthetic repellents in protecting against mosquito vectors. The results demonstrated that LHE-NEG afforded remarkable repellency against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles minimus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, with median protection times (MPTs) of 5.5 (4.5–6.0), 11.5 (8.5–12.5), and 11.25 (8.5–12.5) h, respectively, which was comparable to those of DEET-nanoemulsion gel (DEET-NEG: 8.5 (7.0–9.0), 12.0 (10.0–12.5), and 12.5 (10.0–13.5) h, respectively). Evaluation of skin irritation in 30 human volunteers revealed no potential irritant from LHE-NEG. The physical and biological stability of LHE-NEG were determined after being kept under heating/cooling cycle conditions. The stored samples of LHE-NEG exhibited some changes in appearance and differing degrees of repellency between those kept for 3 and 6 heating/cooling cycles, thus providing slightly shorter MPTs of 4.25 (4.0–4.5) and 3.25 (2.5–3.5) h, respectively, when compared to those of 5.0 (4.5–6.0) h in fresh preparation. These findings encourage commercially developed LHE-based products as an alternative to conventional synthetic repellents in preventing mosquito bites and helping to interrupt mosquito-borne disease transmission.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Effectiveness of Azolla pinnata against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) with Its Effects on Larval Morphology and Visualization of Behavioural Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Shaida Husna Zulkrnin ◽  
Nurul Nadiah Rozhan ◽  
Nur Amanina Zulkfili ◽  
Nik Raihan Nik Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Test Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Aquatic Fern ◽  
Significant Difference

Dengue is vector-borne diseases with 390 million infections per year extending over 120 countries of the world. Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector for dengue viral infections for humans. Current focus on application of natural product against mosquito vectors has been the main priority for research due to its eco-safety. The extensive use of chemical insecticides has led to severe health problems, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to human and nontarget species, and development of insecticide resistance on mosquitoes. Azolla pinnata is an aquatic fern and predominantly used as feed in poultry industry and as fertilizer in agricultural field for enhancing the fertility of rice paddy soil. The present study was conducted to explore the larvicidal efficacy of A. pinnata using fresh and powdered form against late third-stage larvae (6 days, 5 mm in larvae body length) of Ae. aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). The larvicidal bioassays were performed using World Health Organization standard larval susceptibility test method for different concentration for powdered and fresh A. pinnata. Powdered A. pinnata concentration used during larvicidal bioassay ranges from 500ppm to 2000ppm; meanwhile, fresh A. pinnata ranges from 500ppm to 9,000,000 ppm. The highest mortality was at 1853 ppm for powdered A. pinnata compared with fresh A. pinnata at 2,521,535 ppm, while the LC50 for both powdered and fresh A. pinnata recorded at 1262 ppm and 1853 ppm, respectively. Finally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference on Ae. aegypti larval mortality (F=30.439, df=1, p≤0.001) and concentration (F=20.002, df=1, p≤0.001) compared to powdered and fresh A. pinnata at 24-hour bioassay test. In conclusion, the powdered A. pinnata serves as a good larvicidal agent against Ae. aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and this study provided information on the lethal concentration that may have potential for a more eco-friendly Aedes mosquito control program.

scholarly journals The insecticidal potential of Foeniculum vulgareMill., Pimpinella anisum L. and Caryophillus aromaticus L. to control aphid on kale plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. R. LUCCA ◽  
L. H. P. NÓBREGA ◽  
L. F. A. ALVES ◽  
C. T. A. CRUZ-SILVA ◽  
F. P. PACHECO
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Pimpinella Anisum ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fennel Oil

ABSTRACTThe use of natural substances for pest control in agriculture is, economically, a viable option and has benefits for both the humanbeing and the environment, due to its low persistence and toxicity. Thus, this trial aimed on determining the insecticidal potential of the extracts and essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and clove (Caryophillus aromaticus L.) to control Brevicoryne brassicae L. in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.). The treatments were: fennel, anise, cloves extracts at 10%; fennel, anise, cloves oils at 1% and control with distilled water. The mortality tests were carried out with aphids in laboratory, with three replications, after 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. During laboratory trials , it was found out that fennel oil at 1% showed the best rate of mortality on aphid nymphs (70% at 72 h), followed by clove extract at 10% with 37% mortality. Tests in pots were only carried out only with cloves extracts at 10% and fennel oil at 1% treatment, in which such efficiency was alsoindicated on aphid nymphs.

scholarly journals Acaricidal activity of Foeniculum vulgare against Rhipicephalus annulatus is mainly dependent on its constituent from trans-anethone

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260172
Author(s):  
Shawky M. Aboelhadid ◽  
Waleed M. Arafa ◽  
Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki ◽  
Atalay Sokmen ◽  
Saleh Al-Quraishy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fennel Oil

Globally, the economic losses due to hard ticks infestation and the control of the associated diseases have been calculated at USD $13.9–18.7 billion per year. The economic impact is related to its direct damage to the skins, blood loss, anemia, severe immunological reactions and indirect losses that related to the effects of hemoparasites, cost of treatment for clinical cases and expenses incurred in the control of ticks. The current study evaluated the acaricidal activities of fennel Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and its main components; trans-anethole and fenchone; against R. annulatus. GC–MS analysis revealed that this oil contained 16 components representing 99.9% of the total identified compounds with E-anethole being the predominant component(64.29%), followed by fenchone (9.94%). The fennel oil and trans-anethole showed significant acaricidal activities. The LC50 of the fennel oil was attained at concentrations of 12.96% for adult ticks and 1.75% for tick larvae meanwhile the LC50 of trans-anethole was reached at concentrations of 2.36% for adult tick and 0.56% for tick larvae. On the contrary, fenchone showed no any significant adulticidal activities and its LC50 attained at a concentration of 9.11% for tick larvae. Regarding repellence activities, trans-anethole achieved 100% repellency at the concentration of 10% while fennel showed 86% repellency at the same concentration. Fenchone showed no repellency effect. Treatment of larvae with fennel, trans-anethole, and fenchone LC50 concentrations significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity. Meanwhile, glutathione s-transferase activity was significantly decreased in fennel treated larvae but no significant effect was found in the larvae of trans-anethole and fenchone groups. These results indicate that the acaricide effect of fennel oil may attributed to its high content of trans-anethole. This was supported by potent adulticidal, larvicidal, and repellency effects of trans-anethole against Rhipeciphalus annulatus tick and therefore it could be included in the list of acaricide of plant origin.

Amended Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Cocamide DEA

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-542 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Panel ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Skin Irritation Test

Cocamide DEA is a mixture of ethanolamides of Coconut Acid that is used as a surfactant-foam booster and viscosity-increasing agent-aqueous in cosmetic products. Production formulation data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration in 1994 indicated that this ingredient was used in 745 products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel had previously evaluated the safety of Cocamide DEA, Lauramide DEA, Linoleamide DEA, and Oleamide DEA in cosmetics and concluded that they were safe as cosmetic ingredients at the concentrations that were currently being used (50%). CIR's decision to reevaluate the safety of Cocamide DEA in cosmetics is based on occupational studies indicating that this ingredient may have sensitization potential; however, the Expert Panel has determined that these studies are not relevant to cosmetic use. Furthermore, the Panel agreed that its original conclusion on Cocamide DEA should be clarified relative to use of this ingredient in rinse-off and leave-on products. Clarification of the original conclusion is based on the results of a skin irritation test in which 15 volunteers were tested with a surfactant solution containing 10% Cocamide DEA, the highest concentration tested in predictive patch tests. Additional comments that were made during the Panel's review of other data in the present report include that the severe ocular irritation reactions induced by a chemical (p H 9–10.5) containing >64% Cocamide DEA were likely a result of p H; that the renal effects noted in Fischer 344 rats in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) subchronic dermal toxicity study may be species-related and not test substance-related; and with reference to an ongoing NTP two-year chronic study that was initiated in 1993, that the results will be reviewed when the study is available. On the basis of the animal and clinical data presented in the present report, the Expert Panel concluded that Cocamide DEA is safe as used in rinse-off products and safe at concentrations 10% in leave-on cosmetic products. It was also concluded that Cocamide DEA should not be used as an ingredient in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds are formed.

scholarly journals Pre-validation of an in vitro skin irritation test for medical devices using the reconstructed human tissue model EpiDerm™

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Kandarova ◽  
Jamin A. Willoughby ◽  
Wim H. De Jong ◽  
Silvia Letasiova ◽  
Tatiana Milasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Skin Irritation Test

scholarly journals Development of Lidocaine-Loaded Dissolving Microneedle for Rapid and Efficient Local Anesthesia

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Huisuk Yang ◽  
Geonwoo Kang ◽  
Mingyu Jang ◽  
Daniel Junmin Um ◽  
Jiwoo Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Fast Onset ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Skin Irritation Test ◽  
Administration Methods

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic agent used in the form of injection and topical cream. However, these formulation types have limitations of being either painful or slow-acting, thereby hindering effective and complete clinical performance of lidocaine. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) are used to overcome these limitations owing to their fast onset time and minimally invasive administration methods. Using hyaluronic acid and lidocaine to produce the drug solution, a lidocaine HCl encapsulated DMN (Li-DMN) was fabricated by centrifugal lithography. The drug delivery rate and local anesthetic quality of Li-DMNs were evaluated using the pig cadaver insertion test and Von Frey behavior test. Results showed that Li-DMNs could deliver sufficient lidocaine for anesthesia that is required to be utilized for clinical level. Results from the von Frey test showed that the anesthetic effect of Li-DMNs was observed within 10 min after administration, thus confirming fast onset time. A toxicity test for appropriate clinical application standard was conducted with a microbial limit test and an animal skin irritation test, showing absence of skin irritation and irritation-related microorganisms. Overall, Li-DMN is a possible alternative drug delivery method for local anesthesia, meeting the requirements for clinical conditions and overcoming the drawbacks of other conventional lidocaine administration methods.

scholarly journals A popular Indian clove-based mosquito repellent is less effective against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti than DEET

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0224810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiming Tan ◽  
Gabriel B. Faierstein ◽  
Pingxi Xu ◽  
Rosângela M. R. Barbosa ◽  
Garrison K. Buss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Repellent
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