Evolution of Cost/Schedule Control (Direct Labor) in Naval Shipyards

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Scott N. Gessis
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Schedule Control ◽  
Control Concept ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cost

The evolution of a cost/schedule control system (C/SCS) for direct labor in naval shipyards can be traced from the cost/schedule control concept used in the Air Force in the 1960s as an initiative toward more reliable data. Subsequent C/SCS programs were initiated across the Department of Defense (DoD) in the late 1960s and early 1970s. As private shipyards came under what is known as cost/ schedule control system criteria (C/SCSC), and its validation requirements, the issue of C/SCS in naval shipyards rose to the surface. In 1984, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) issued a directive which called for C/SCS implementation in naval shipyards. Expanded use and standardization has followed. This paper reviews basic C/SCS principles, how naval shipyards have used C/SCS in improving performance, and how it has been standardized while still retaining a degree of flexibility.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Estimating the Cost of Educating Military Physicians at the Uniformed Services University

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Patrick Luan ◽  
James Bishop ◽  
Jamie Lindly ◽  
George Prugh ◽  
Sarah K John
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Military Physicians ◽  
Time Use Surveys

Abstract Introduction The Department of Defense (DoD) operates a large, multi-channeled physician accession pipeline to maintain a professional workforce of over 10,000 active duty physicians. The Uniformed Services University (USU) operates the nation’s only federal medical school providing trained doctors to the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Public Health Service. Although the school serves an essential purpose, policymakers question the cost of operating the University’s medical school. One challenge is to develop reproducible and transparent costing methods that can be used to evaluate the University’s value and efficiency. Methods This work proposes a replicable methodology for estimating the cost per student-year at USU. Using detailed data from USU encompassing facility use, budgeting and expenditures, and faculty and student rosters, we break out and attribute costs to the University’s component schools. Using faculty and staff time-use surveys, we further break out education-related personnel costs from other University activities such as research and service. We can then calculate the School of Medicine’s annual cost to educate a uniformed physician. Results In Fiscal Year 2017, it cost the DoD approximately $253,000 per year (more than $1 million dollars total over a 4-year curriculum) to directly educate a physician though the USU School of Medicine. Data from the following Fiscal Year show that education costs grew a modest 2.1% per student-year. Conclusions This work provides a foundational framework and approach to estimate the costs of accessioning a physician at USU. This methodology can be replicated for subsequent value analyses of physician accession and retention as budgetary pressures change to match the DoD operating environment. Uniformed Services University’s costs should be periodically reassessed against those of alternative accession sources.

scholarly journals Simplified Mathematical Modelling of Uncertainty: Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Spain

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Julio Emilio Marco-Franco ◽  
Pedro Pita-Barros ◽  
Silvia González-de-Julián ◽  
Iryna Sabat ◽  
David Vivas-Consuelo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Funeral Homes ◽  
The Cost

When exceptional situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, arise and reliable data is not available at decision-making times, estimation using mathematical models can provide a reasonable reckoning for health planning. We present a simplified model (static but with two-time references) for estimating the cost-effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. A simplified model provides a quick assessment of the upper bound of cost-effectiveness, as we illustrate with data from Spain, and allows for easy comparisons between countries. It may also provide useful comparisons among different vaccines at the marketplace, from the perspective of the buyer. From the analysis of this information, key epidemiological figures, and costs of the disease for Spain have been estimated, based on mortality. The fatality rate is robust data that can alternatively be obtained from death registers, funeral homes, cemeteries, and crematoria. Our model estimates the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to be 5132 € (4926–5276) as of 17 February 2021, based on the following assumptions/inputs: An estimated cost of 30 euros per dose (plus transport, storing, and administration), two doses per person, efficacy of 70% and coverage of 70% of the population. Even considering the possibility of some bias, this simplified model provides confirmation that vaccination against COVID-19 is highly cost-effective.

Research and Design of Intelligent Lighting Control System Based on Industrial Wireless Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Wei Ru Chen
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Point Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Research And Design ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The intelligent lighting control system is one of typical applications of the Internet of things. The method of intelligent lighting control system based on industrial wireless technology is proposed in the paper. It used proposed three-point-control technology, and adjusting the brightness of lamps, turn on/off the lamps and a part of fault detection can be realized. At the same time, it can greatly reduce the cost of system. It will be useful to engineer and researchers.

Design of the Automatic Guided Vehicle Control System Applied to Automotive Logistics

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Guo Song Liu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Circuit Performance ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Automatic Guided Vehicle ◽  
Distribution Logistics ◽  
Auto Parts ◽  
The Cost

In order to improve the efficiency of auto parts distribution logistics, to lower the cost of auto production in transportation logistics, and to reduce accidents, in this paper it is designed that an automatic guided vehicle control system to replace the manned tractors in the distribution sites. The system is equipped with an infrared homing device that can ensure the automated guided vehicle (AGV) along a predetermined route automatic driving at a given distribution information, without the needs to manually guided. Test results show that the circuit performance of AGV control system is stable to ensure the accuracy of the tracking in the practical application, and the mean absolute error of the tracking is less than 0.04m.

scholarly journals Air Temperature Control System in a Building on the Basis of Mathematical Modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 01041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Pilipenko ◽  
Sergei Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Control System ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
The Cost

In the article the authors solve a crucial objective of reducing the cost of heating services through the introduction of a system, controlling boilers and heating devices, based on modelling of the building and predicting heating systems functioning and operation. The authors describe the method of mathematical modelling of heating systems of the building and represent the developed mathematical models, pledged and installed into the developed automated system. The authors have offered an automated system of dispatch control of the boilers with the elements of computer simulation and modelling.

Study on Twin-Rotary Motion Control System Based on Siemens Technology CPU

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2201-2204
Author(s):  
Cun Hai Pan ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Su Mei Du ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Rotary Motion ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Motion Control System ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Closed Loop Control System ◽  
Loop Control System ◽  
Dimension Space ◽  
The Cost

A twin-rotary motion control system was built based on a cam technology and Siemens S7-300T PLC in this paper. The system can position accurately in a three-dimension space using a twin-servo closed loop control system and can real-time monitor various parameters of positioning system by HMI (Human Machine Interface). It also can automatically collect various parameter information and judge the type of fault.At the same time, the degree of automation has been raised and the cost of production was reduced.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL ATAS PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PADA BRI SYARIAH KC MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummu Almaas Khoirunnisaa ◽  
Hendrik Manossoh ◽  
Dhullo Afandi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Rules Set ◽  
Collection Methods

            Murabaha is a sale and purchase agreement with the selling price of goods at cost plus an agreed profit which the seller must disclose the cost of the goods to the buyer. The purpose of this research is to analyze the internal control system applied to BRI Syariah KC Manado whether it has been effective and in accordance with the principles of COSO (Committee Of Sponsoring Organizations). Data analysis method of this research is using descriptive analysis that compares the results of observations, interviews, document analysis established by the company with existing theory. Data collection methods in this study are interviews, observation, and document review. The results shows that internal controls applied for murabahah financing at BRI Syariah KC Manado include rules set by management, organizational structure, forms and documents used in murabahah financing, recording of legitimate financing transactions, and monitoring of financing. Internal control of murabahah financing at BRI Suyariah KC Manado has been running quite well. But in application still found weaknesses that can hinder the implementation of internal controls in the company. Still found employees who do double job. This is not in accordance with the principle of COSO, where Commitment in the Competence of employees should be improved and more qualified in various areas of specialization. BRI Syariah KC Manado in applying internal controls can be affirmed and in accordance with the principles of COSO.Keywords: COSO, murabahah financing, internal control system.

scholarly journals Analysis of the advantages of an aerodynamic compensator in contactless space debris removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
A.A. Fokov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Khoroshylov ◽  
D.S. Svorobin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Low Earth Orbits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Propellant Consumption

A modified scheme of the known technology for contactless space debris removal, which is called Ion Beam Shepherd, is considered. This scheme uses an aerodynamic compensator in order to reduce the propellant consumption of the additional electrojet thruster of the shepherd spacecraft. The thruster serves to compensate the spacecraft motion caused by the action of the main electrojet thruster, whose ion plume “brakes” the space debris object. The aerodynamic compensator significantly increases the spacecraft cross-sectional area compared to the space debris object one. This fact, together with the aerodynamic perturbations acting in the direction perpendicular to the orbital plane, calls for estimating the propellant consumption of the control system thruster to maintain the required position of the spacecraft relative to the space debris object in that direction. The goal of this article is to identify the advantages of using the aerodynamic compensator in space debris removal from low Earth orbits using the Ion Beam Shepherd technology. The tasks of the study are to estimate the reduction in the cost of the momentum of the additional electrojet thruster during contactless space debris object de-orbiting due to the use of the aerodynamic compensator and the additional cost of the momentum of the thruster of the spacecraft – space debris object relative position control system to correct deviations perpendicular to the orbital plane. Using a number of simplifying assumptions, integral estimates of these costs are obtained. Using these cost estimates, it is shown that the use of an aerodynamic compensator is advantageous in terms of the cost of the saved electrojet thruster propellant (xenon) regardless of the type of the spacecraft control system thruster.

scholarly journals SISTEM OTOMASI RUANGAN DENGAN RASPBERRY PI BERBASIS MOBILE WEB STUDI KASUS: (LEMBAGA KURSUS CODY APP ACADEMY)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Aditya Mirza Bahari ◽  
Nenny Anggraini ◽  
Siti Ummi Masruroh
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Home Automation System ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRAK Cody App Academy adalah sebuah tempat kursus berbasis teknologi di Bintaro, Jakarta Selatan. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan penulis, Cody masih menerapkan cara manual untuk menyalakan dan mematikan listrik. Selain itu, hasil dari wawancara oleh pengelola Cody, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hal ini berdampak terhadap efisiensi penggunaan arus listrik yang ada di Cody, yang berkaitan langsung dengan besar atau kecilnya tagihan listrik yang harus dibayarkan oleh pengelola Cody. Maka penulis mengusulkan sebuah solusi berupa prototipe Sistem Pengendali Ruangan dengan teknologi motion berbasis mobile web yang merupakan aplikasi yang dapat merubah sistem manual menjadi sebuah sistem home automation. Aplikasi ini akan secara otomatis mematikan arus listrik ketika ruangan sedang kosong, dilihat dari tidak terdeteksinya gerakan dalam rentang waktu lebih dari 10 menit. Metode pengumpulan data yang yang penulis gunakan adalah pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur sejenis. Sedangkan untuk metode pengembangan aplikasi adalah prototipe evolusioner dengan 4 tahap yang mencakup analisis kebutuhan pengguna, membuat satu prototipe. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah  penerapan home automation yang berupa Sistem Pengendali Ruangan dengan teknologi motion  selama jangka waktu 2 bulan berbasis mobile web terbukti membuat penggunaan listrik di Cody lebih efisien berdasarkan perbandingan tagihan listrik sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan sistem yang penulis usulkan. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari perubahan signifikan pada biaya listrik yang harus dibayarkan Cody per bulan yakni sejumlah 20% lebih efisien dibandingkan tanpa menggunkan sistem yang penulis usulkan.   ABSTRACT Cody App Academy is a technology-based course place in Bintaro, South Jakarta. Based on observations made by the author, Cody is still applying the manual way to turn on and turn off the electricity. In addition, the results of interviews by Cody's managers, it can be concluded that this impacts on the efficiency of the use of electric current in Cody, which is directly related to the large or small bill of electricity that must be paid by the manager of Cody. So the author proposed a solution in the form of prototype Space Control System with motion technology based mobile web which is an application that can change the manual system into a home automation system. This application will automatically turn off the power when the room is empty, judging from the detection of movement in the span of more than 10 minutes. Data collection methods that the author uses is the collection of primary and secondary data consisting of observations, interviews and studies of similar literature. The method of application development is an evolutionary prototype with 4 stages that includes user needs analysis, making a prototype. The result of this research is the implementation of home automation in the form of Room Control System with motion technology for 2 months based on mobile web proved to cause the use of electricity in Cody more efficient based on the ratio of electric bill before and after using the system that the author proposed. This can be seen from the significant change in the cost of electricity that Cody has to pay per month which is 20% more efficient than without using the proposed system. How To Cite : Bahari, A.M. Anggraini, N. Masruroh, S.U. (2018). SISTEM OTOMASI RUANGAN DENGAN RASPBERRY PI BERBASIS MOBILE WEB STUDI KASUS: (LEMBAGA KURSUS CODY APP ACADEMY). Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 11(1), 55-66.  doi 10.15408/jti.v11i1.6261 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v11i1.6261 

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