A Comparative Cost Analysis of Floating Wind Turbine Platforms

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Dwyer ◽  
Justin C. Emmerik
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anchoring System ◽  
Steel Weight ◽  
Cost Factors

This thesis presents a cost-of-energy (COE) analysis comparing three types of floating wind turbine platforms—spar-buoy, semi-submersible, and tension-leg platform (TLP)— based on existing commercial designs. The analysis develops the COE of a 500-MW reference wind plant at a reference offshore location using a merit-based criterion that integrates both lifecycle cost and turbine energy production. A sensitivity study examines how fluctuations in site-dependent operating parameters and fabrication cost factors affect results. The analysis demonstrates that while the COE of a floating wind plant can vary across a wide range ($0.10 to $0.22/kWh), the relative COE performance of the three platforms does not change. The TLP consistently enables the lowest COE across a range of operating parameters as a result of its comparatively low steel weight and less expensive mooring and anchoring system. The percent differences between the COE enabled by the TLP and that of the spar-buoy and semi-submersible are 4% and 19%, respectively, at the baseline reference site.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Power Output Performance Improvement of a 2 MW Wind Turbine

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Jui-Hung Liu ◽  
Jien-Chen Chen ◽  
Wen-Jhen Lai ◽  
Wei-Niam Su
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Large Wind

This paper shows the possibility of the output improvement to a large wind turbine, so the operator can earn more and thus reduce the overall cost of energy. For a modern wind turbine certificated by IEC or DNV-GL guidelines, a 20 years design lifetime is a base line. However, the efficiency of the turbine will degrade after 8 or 9 years’ operating. Some components, especially the turning blade, the efficiency may vary due to the surface condition change. Meanwhile, the controller technology may also have been improved after years. So, the turbine can regain its original output or even have a better output performance through some adjustments. In this paper, a 2 MW wind turbine with different design and operating parameters like blade efficiency, wind direction alignment, high/low wind control strategy has been evaluated, then with the software DNV-GL BLADED simulation, to calculate the output differences and availability of the turbine. The result shown that a 3~5% yield annually can be obtained for each improved parameter in a 9 m/s mean wind speed situation.

scholarly journals Calibration of Reanalysis Data against Wind Measurements for Energy Production Estimation of Building Integrated Savonius-Type Wind Turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9017
Author(s):  
Andoni Gonzalez-Arceo ◽  
Maitane Zirion-Martinez de Musitu ◽  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Mario del Rio ◽  
Oscar Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Wind Resource

In this work, a cost-effective wind resource method specifically developed for the ROSEO-BIWT (Building Integrated Wind Turbine) and other Building Integrated Wind Turbines is presented. It predicts the wind speed and direction at the roof of an previously selected building for the past 10 years using reanalysis data and wind measurements taken over a year. To do so, the reanalysis wind speed data is calibrated against the measurements using different kinds of quantile mapping, and the wind direction is predicted using random forest. A mock-up of a building and a BIWT were used in a wind tunnel to perform a small-scale experiment presented here. It showed that energy production is possible and even enhanced over a wide range of attack angles. The energy production estimations made with the best performing kind of calibration achieved an overall relative error of 6.77% across different scenarios.

Progressive Drifting of Floating Wind Turbines in a Wind Farm

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Suzuki ◽  
Masaru Kurimoto ◽  
Yu Kitahara ◽  
Yukinari Fukumoto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of platform types have been investigated for a floating wind turbine. Most of the research projects on a floating wind turbine assume that a land based wind turbine is to be installed on a platform with minimum modification to reduce the overall cost. For this reason, allowable limit of a motion of wind turbine is limited to lower value, for example, five degrees for static inclination and one to two degrees for pitching motion. So far analysis and design of motion characteristics of the platform have been main research concern. One key research area less focused is floating platform related risk. If the wind energy would be one of the major sources of power supply, wind farms which are comprised of large number of floating wind turbines must be deployed in the ocean. Wind turbines will be closely spaced in a wind farm so that installation cost should be minimized. In such an arrangement, a wind turbine accidentally started drifting has some possibility to collide or contact with the moorings of neighboring wind turbines and might cause progressive drifting of wind turbines. This paper present investigation of scenario of progressive drifting of floating wind turbines and evaluate risk of the scenario. Quantitative risk of several arrangements of wind farms is estimated. Effect of arrangement of wind turbines in a wind farm and safety factor used in design moorings is discussed.

A Techno-Economic Analysis of a Proposed 1.5 MW Wind Turbine With a Hydrostatic Drive Train

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Browning ◽  
Jon G. McGowan ◽  
James F. Manwell
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Initial Capital ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Utility Scale

Although decreases in the cost of energy from utility scale wind turbine generators has made them competitive with conventional forms of utility power generation, further reductions can increase the presence of wind energy in the global energy mix. The cost of energy from a wind turbine can be reduced by increasing the annual energy production, reducing the initial capital cost of the turbine, or doing both. In this study, the cost of energy is estimated for a theoretical 1.5 MW wind turbine utilizing a continuously variable ratio hydrostatic drive train between the rotor and the generator. The estimated cost of energy is then compared to that of a conventional wind turbine of equivalent rated power. The annual energy production is estimated for the theoretical hydrostatic turbine using an assumed wind speed distribution and a turbine power curve resulting from a steady state performance model of the turbine. The initial capital cost of the turbine is estimated using cost models developed for various components unique to the hydrostatic turbine as well as economic parameters and models developed by the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) for their 2004 WindPACT advanced wind turbine drive train study. The resulting cost of energy, along with various performance characteristics of interest, are presented and compared to those of the WindPACT baseline turbine intended to represent a conventional utility scale wind turbine.

scholarly journals Catchment Based Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Small Wind Turbine Using a Single Blade Concept for a Low Cost of Energy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5838
Author(s):  
Hailay Kiros Kelele ◽  
Torbjørn Kirstian Nielsen ◽  
Lars Froyd ◽  
Mulu Bayray Kahsay
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Wind Potential

For low and medium wind conditions, there is a possibility to harness maximum wind potential reducing the cost of energy by employing catchment-based wind turbine designs. This paper aims to study catchment-based small wind turbine aerodynamic performance for improved efficiency and reduced cost of energy. Hence, design parameters are considered based on specific conditions within a catchment area. The bins and statistical methods implemented with Weibull distribution of wind data for selected sites to characterize the wind conditions and a weighted average method proposed to create representative wind conditions implementing a single blade concept. The blade element method was applied using Matlab code (version R2017a, MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, US) for aerodynamic design and analysis, and computational fluid dynamics employed using ANSYS—Fluent (version 18.1, ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) for validation. The performance of the designed blade is evaluated based on annual energy production, capacity factor and power coefficient. Then, for site-specific wind conditions, yearly energy production, and relative cost of energy are examined against rated power. Appropriate rated power for a low cost of energy identified and performance measures evaluated for each site. As a result, a maximum power coefficient of around 51.8% achieved at a design wind speed of 10 m/s, and higher capacity factors of 28% and 50.9% respectively attained for the low and high wind conditions at the proposed rated powers. Therefore, for different wind condition sites, enhanced performance at a low cost of energy could be achieved using a single blade concept at properly selected rated powers employing suitable design conditions and procedures.

scholarly journals Wind Farm Layout Upgrade Optimization

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Abdulrahman ◽  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
General Representation ◽  
Thrust Coefficient ◽  
Wind Farm Layout ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Wide Range

The problem of optimally increasing the size of existing wind farms has not been investigated in the literature. In this paper, a proposed wind farm layout upgrade by adding different (in type and/or hub height) commercial turbines to an existing farm is introduced and optimized. Three proposed upgraded layouts are considered: internal grid, external grid, and external unstructured. The manufacturer’s power curve and a general representation for thrust coefficient are used in power and wake calculations, respectively. A simple field-based model is implemented and both offshore and onshore conditions are considered. A genetic algorithm is used for the optimization. The trade-off range between energy production and cost of energy is investigated by considering three objective functions, individually: (1) annual energy production; (2) cost of added energy; and (3) cost of total energy. The proposed upgraded layouts are determined for the Horns Rev 1 offshore wind farm. The results showed a wide range of suitable upgrade scenarios depending on the upgraded layout and the optimization objective. The farm energy production is increased by 190–336% with a corresponding increase in the total cost by 147–720%. The external upgrade offers more energy production but with much more cost. The unstructured layouts showed clear superiority over the grid ones by providing much lower cost of energy.

Performance Specifications for Real-Time Hybrid Testing of 1:50-Scale Floating Wind Turbine Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Javier Moreno ◽  
Krish Thiagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Hybrid Testing ◽  
Actuation Mechanism ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine ◽  
Performance Specifications

This paper presents performance requirements for a real-time hybrid testing system to be suitable for scale-model floating wind turbine experiments. In the wave basin, real-time hybrid testing could be used to replace the model wind turbine with an actuation mechanism, driven by a wind turbine simulation running in parallel with, and reacting to, the experiment. The actuation mechanism, attached to the floating platform, would provide the full range of forces normally provided by the model wind turbine. This arrangement could resolve scaling incompatibilities that currently challenge scale-model floating wind turbine experiments. In this paper, published experimental results and a collection of full-scale simulations are used to determine what performance specifications such a system would need to meet. First, an analysis of full-scale numerical simulations and published 1:50-scale experimental results is presented. This analysis indicates the required operating envelope of the actuation system in terms of displacements, velocities, accelerations, and forces. Next, a sensitivity study using a customization of the floating wind turbine simulator FAST is described. Errors in the coupling between the wind turbine and the floating platform are used to represent the various inaccuracies and delays that could be introduced by a real-time hybrid testing system. Results of this sensitivity study indicate the requirements — in terms of motion-tracking accuracy, force actuation accuracy, and system latency — for maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy in 1:50-scale floating wind turbine experiments using real-time hybrid testing.

scholarly journals Comparison between upwind and downwind designs of a 10 MW wind turbine rotor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Bortolotti ◽  
Abinhav Kapila ◽  
Carlo L. Bottasso
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Interesting Alternative ◽  
Wind Turbine Rotor

Abstract. The size of wind turbines has been steadily growing in the pursuit of a lower cost of energy by an increased wind capture. In this trend, the vast majority of wind turbine rotors has been designed based on the conventional three-bladed upwind concept. This paper aims at assessing the optimality of this configuration with respect to a three-bladed downwind design, with and without an actively controlled variable coning used to reduce the cantilever loading of the blades. A 10 MW wind turbine is used for the comparison of the various design solutions, which are obtained by an automated comprehensive aerostructural design tool. Results show that, for this turbine size, downwind rotors lead to blade mass and cost reductions of 6 % and 2 %, respectively, compared to equivalent upwind configurations. Due to a more favorable rotor attitude, the annual energy production of downwind rotors may also slightly increase in complex terrain conditions characterized by a wind upflow, leading to an overall reduction in the cost of energy. However, in more standard operating conditions, upwind rotors return the lowest cost of energy. Finally, active coning is effective in alleviating loads by reducing both blade mass and cost, but these potential benefits are negated by an increased system complexity and reduced energy production. In summary, a conventional design appears difficult to beat even at these turbine sizes, although a downwind non-aligned configuration might result in an interesting alternative.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of wind farm control techniques on fatigue and ultimate loads

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Croce ◽  
Stefano Cacciola ◽  
Luca Sartori ◽  
Paride De Fidelibus
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

Abstract. Wind farm control is one of the solutions recently proposed to increase the overall energy production of a wind power plant. A generic wind farm control is typically synthesized so as to optimize the energy production of the entire wind farm by reducing the detrimental effects due to wake-turbine interactions. As a matter of fact, the performance of a farm control is typically measured by looking mainly at the increase of produced power, possibly weighted with the wind Weibull and rose at a specific place, and, sometimes, by looking also at the fatigue loads. However, an aspect which is rather overlooked is the evaluation of the impact that a farm control law has on the maximum loads and on the dynamic responses under extreme conditions of the individual wind turbine. In this work, two promising wind farm controls, based respectively on Wake Redirection (WR) and Dynamic Induction Control (DIC) strategy, are evaluated at a single wind turbine level. To do so, a two-pronged analysis is performed. Firstly, the control techniques are evaluated in terms of the related impact on some specific key performance indicators (e.g. fatigue and ultimate loads, actuator duty cycle and annual energy production). Secondarily, an optimal blade redesign process, which takes into account the presence of the wind farm control, is performed with the goal of quantifying the possible modification in the structure of the blade and hence of quantifying the impact of the control on the Cost of Energy model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of active wake control techniques on ultimate loads for a 10 MW wind turbine

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alessandro Croce ◽  
Stefano Cacciola ◽  
Luca Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Control Optimization ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wind Statistics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Wind farm control is one of the solutions recently proposed to increase the overall energy production of a wind power plant. A generic wind farm control is typically synthesized so as to optimize the energy production of the entire wind farm by reducing the detrimental effects due to wake–turbine interactions. As a matter of fact, the performance of a farm control is typically measured by looking at the increase in the power production, properly weighted through the wind statistics. Sometimes, fatigue loads are also considered in the control optimization problem. However, an aspect which is rather overlooked in the literature on this subject is the evaluation of the impact that a farm control law has on the individual wind turbine in terms of maximum loads and dynamic response under extreme conditions. In this work, two promising wind farm controls, based on wake redirection (WR) and dynamic induction control (DIC) strategy, are evaluated at the level of a single front-row wind turbine. To do so, a two-pronged analysis is performed. Firstly, the control techniques are evaluated in terms of the related impact on some specific key performance indicators, with special emphasis on ultimate loads and maximum blade deflection. Secondarily, an optimal blade redesign process is performed with the goal of quantifying the modification in the structure of the blade entailed by a possible increase in ultimate values due to the presence of wind farm control. Such an analysis provides for an important piece of information for assessing the impact of the farm control on the cost-of-energy model.

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