scholarly journals Dynamics of leadership styles within the Ogoni and Ijaw movements in the Niger Delta

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 823-850
Author(s):  
Zainab Ladan Mai-Bornu
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Group

Much of the literature on the Niger Delta deals with the Ogoni and Ijaw groups together, as having common lived experiences within a shared geographical location. However, the nature of the leaderships led the two movements to adopt distinct strategies in their struggles against the Nigerian state and multinational oil companies. Successful collective action is often ascribed to effective leadership and to the employment of social identity to drive collective group behaviour. Building on the Comparative Case Studies approach, this article compares the nature of leadership within the two movements, and particularly the choices that led Ogoni leaders to preach nonviolence and Ijaw leaders to advocate violence. The article analyses the role of the leaders in determining the strategies adopted by the movements, and examines the importance of the psychological drivers of the collective narratives developed by the two groups of leaders in accounting for the different trajectories. These issues are investigated within the social and political psychological context utilising three axes of comparison — vertical, horizontal and transversal. Findings suggest that strategic choices are frequently based on charismatic leadership, particularly when group leaders are able to utilise a heightened awareness of identity, and on conscious and unconscious fears linking past and current threats.

NIGER DELTA CRISIS AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AMNESTY PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Abstract The Niger Delta since inception of oil exploration in 1956 has been witnessing series of environmental insecurities which culminated into long term sufferings of the people living in the region. The activities of oil companies paid less attention to the well-being of the region and consequently metamorphosed into youth’s militancy –in terms of kidnapping and armed struggles. The effects of militancy led to the proclamation of amnesty programme designed to ameliorate the crisis situation and pardon those who were involved in militancy by the President Yar’Adua led administration in 2009. However, the question of insincerity from the government, multinational oil companies, agencies and militants remains a burden undermining the amnesty implementation programme and its successes in post-amnesty Niger Delta. This seminar, therefore, examined the social impact of amnesty programme and its challenges on Niger Delta. Internet explorations, magazines, newspaper cut-outs, books and journals were the instruments of data collection. Suggestions for proper implementation of amnesty programme and developmental actualisation in the Niger Delta Region were proffered. Keywords: Niger Delta, Crisis, Amnesty Programme, Nigeria

scholarly journals Something Mightier: Marginalization, Occult Imaginations and the Youth Conflict in the Oil-Rich Niger Delta

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edlyne Anugwom
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Oil Corporations ◽  
Asymmetric Power ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

This contribution examines the role of occult imaginations in the struggle against perceived socio-economic marginalization by youth militias from the Ijaw ethnic group in the oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It argues that the asymmetric power between the federal government/transnational oil corporations (TNOCs) and the militias may have privileged the invocation of the supernatural as a critical agency of strength and courage by the youth militias. The conflict in the region embodies a cultural revision which has been necessitated by both the uncertainty of the oil environment and the prevailing narratives of social injustice. Hence the Egbesu deity, seen historically as embodying justice, has been reinvented by the youth militias and imbued with the powers of invincibility and justice in the conflict with the government and oil companies. The low intensity of the conflict has limited both the extent of operations and scale of force used by the military task force in the area and thus reinforced the perception of invincibility of the militias attributed to the Egbesu.

scholarly journals Cultural and Media Identity Among Latvian Migrants in Germany

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-201
Author(s):  
Laura Sūna
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
Transnational Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This chapter explores how transnational media and culture impacts on the identity formation of recent Latvian migrants in Germany. In the context of the EU, Germany opened its labour market to the new EU countries rather late, when compared to other ‘old’ EU countries. This has had an effect on the composition of the group of Latvian migrants going to Germany, and their identities. In the light of this, this chapter examines how Latvian migrants in Germany feel and experience their belonging to Latvia and its culture. It analyses the social and communicative practices crucial for the development of belonging, including the rootedness in the country where they live and the cultural references that are important for them. The evidence for the analysis in this chapter comes from in-depth interviews, open media diaries and network maps of Latvian migrants in Germany. The chapter situates the description of evidence in the framework of cultural identity concepts and discusses the role of culture and media in the process of building migrant identity. The chapter argues that culture is shaping the transnational self-perception of Latvian migrants in Germany – as it provides collective narratives of imagined common frames of references, and confirms feelings of belonging and distinction.

scholarly journals RIGHTS TO OIL THEFT AND ILLEGAL REFINERY IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C.O Okwelum
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

The reactions of the ethnic communities which have morphed into violent militant groups and ganglands in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to State and industry control of land and mineral resources require a very close study. A comparative analysis of the current situation in Nigeria with what is obtained in the early days of the European civilization when the challenges of governance and economic crimes were emerging from the womb of the industrial revolution is equally of importance. If sovereignty resides ultimately with the people and the State governs with the consent of the citizens and the ultimate responsibility of the State and business is the welfare of the citizens, a fundamental breach of the social contract leaves the people with the right not only to abolish the State but to sabotage business in social banditry. This paper tries to apply the general principles of the theories of social banditry and social contract to the phenomenon of oil theft and illegal refineries in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It employs the comparative, historical and analytical methodology in presentation while relying on secondary materials and doctrinal research method. It argues that the crimes of oil theft and illegal refineries have arisen from the lack of the development of the Niger Delta by both the State and the multinational oil companies and that they are an expression of the rights to resource control by indigenous communities after 50 years of State and industry control of same have failed to yield development on the ticket of the United Nation’s Resolution 1803 of 1962 guaranteeing national sovereignty over natural resources. It finds that they fall within Hobsbawm’s social banditry thesis and that the basic conditions for the abolition of the State under the social contract thesis have been largely met by the economic and socio-legal contexts prevailing in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Niger Delta Crises and the Way Forward: A Study of the Mood System in Helon Habila’s Novel, Oil on Water

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Edokpayi Justina N.
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

The Niger delta of Nigeria has been besieged by a lot of crises, which have posed serious security risks to the region. This has adversely and seriously affected not only the region, but Nigeria in general. The processes of crude oil extraction in the Niger delta have resulted in ecological degradation and oil pollutions, thereby doing a lot of damages to the farmlands and fishing waters of the people, whose major occupations are farming and fishing. Petroleum, the main source of Nigeria’s revenue is obtained in the Niger delta. Yet, Deltans are confronted with a lot of problems; they are impoverished, exploited, neglected and marginalized despite the economic value of the region to the Nigerian economy. No serious or commensurate efforts are made by the government or the multinational oil companies operating in the region to compensate the people for the losses they suffer through oil pollutions. This has resulted in a lot of protests and violence, culminating in the social unrest in the region. To this effect, there have been reactions to the crises in diverse ways. Though such efforts have yielded little dividends, the crises have persisted. Niger delta deserves priority attention in terms of human and infrastructural developments. In the literary circle, some Nigerian literary artists have expressed concern over the issue with a view to creating awareness on the seriousness of the crises, and advancing suggestions that will proffer permanent solutions to the problems. This paper examines and expounds how Helon Habila deploys the mood system as a language tool in his novel, Oil on Water, to address the Niger Delta crises. He advances suggestions to put an end to the crises in order to restore peace, and enhance sustainable development in Nigeria.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CROWDFUNDING: A NEW MODEL FOR FINANCING REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana BERNARDINO ◽  
José FREITAS SANTOS ◽  
José CADIMA RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Ventures

Crowdfunding is an increasingly attractive source to fund social projects. However, to our best knowledge, the study of crowdfunding for social purposes has remained largely unexplored in the literature. This research envisages a detailed examination of the role of crowdfunding on the early-stage of the social projects at regional level. By comparing the characteristics of the projects available in the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange platform with others that did not use this source of financial support, we envisage to show the critical role of crowdfunding on regional development. The use of inferential techniques (Chi-square test, the Cramer’s V statistic, the Goodman and Kruskal λ and the odds ratio) demonstrates that the use of the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange platform was linked to the geographical location of the social venture as well as its geographical scope. Also, social ventures located on rural regions are more likely to use social crowdfunding platforms than social ventures located in urban areas. Further, the circumstance of having the social ventures acting at a local or regional level seems to be strongly associated with the possibility of using crowdfunding for financing social projects.

THE KEY ROLE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IN EXPOSOMICS: THE EXAMPLE OF THE H2020 PULSE PROJECT

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
D. Pala ◽  
L. Annovazzi-Lodi ◽  
R. Bellazzi ◽  
N. Fiscante ◽  
M. Franzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Analytics ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Exposomics is a novel concept that indicates the combination of all the external factors we are exposed to throughout our entire life, as the environment we live in, our lifestyle and behavior are able to have a notable influence on our health. The quantity and typology of environmental factors we are exposed to are clearly dependent on the geographical location of each individual, e.g. some areas are more polluted that others and even the social characteristics of a certain place can have an effect on the way we behave, exposing us to different levels of risk of developing certain diseases or exacerbating existing ones. In this context, the PULSE project, briefly described in this paper, is building an advanced system to identify the effect of a complex set of environmental and social exposures in the big cities, that represent the most complicated environment from this point of view, and mitigate health risk related to common diseases such as asthma, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This system is composed by several parts, most of which apply advanced spatial analytics and geographic information-based tools to estimate health risk in a precise way, providing both citizens and public health officers with tools to monitor it. This paper summarizes the work performed in the project using these analytics, and quickly describes some of the tools in which geographic information has been applied in the most innovative way.

Reflections on the Role of Social Narratives in Working-Class Formation: Narrative Theory in the Social Sciences

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Steinmetz ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Narrative Coherence ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
Social Narratives ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

This article explores the role of social narratives in working-class formation. The primary goal of this exercise is to generate concepts for the comparative analysis of working-class identities and practices. My thesis is that more successful cases of working-class formation involve the elaboration of coherent narratives about individual and collective history, stories that are coordinated with one another and that are organized around the category of social class. In such narratives, events are selected for inclusion due to their relevance to social class, or they are excluded or deemphasized because of their irrelevance to class, and events are interpreted, emplotted, and evaluated in a way that emphasizes class rather than other possible constructs. By contrast, working-class formation is less pronounced where individual and collective narratives are based on alternative, nonclass forms of identity, such as nationality, gender, ethnicity, and race. Working-class formation is also weaker where individual narratives are asynchronous, where the individual and collective levels are not coordinated with one another, or where identities fail to attain narrative coherence.

scholarly journals Agen Ganda dan Perubahan Praktik Pertanian

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Firdaus - Marbun
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Multiple Agents ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
Changing Practices

This article aims to explain the role of dual agents in bringing about changes in agricultural practices.  Starting from the phenomenon of changing plant species that occurred in Parbotihan Village, Onan Ganjang District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency.  Changes in these types of crops often occur in a short period of time and are followed by most farmers.  These changes sometimes occur without considering the adequacy of land, cultivation knowledge, and capital capacity.  So, often the changes that occur are not profitable for them.  On the other hand, these changes also change the cultivation pattern which requires farmers to learn from the beginning as a consequence of changing the types of plants.  This research was conducted during the research period of my thesis by collecting data through observation and interviews. The selected informants are farmers who are involved in changing practices. The author found that the role of multiple agents such as relatives, friends, skippers, and group leaders with different capacities had a role in influencing farmers' actions. Multiple agents act as initiators, motivators, introductors, educators, and interventors. This research also shows that the social arena as public space becomes an effective arena in exchanging information and influences that encourage practice change.

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