scholarly journals Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium in Potassium Dichromate Solution by Botrytis aclada fres and Chrysonilia sitophila

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Olufemi Adeniran
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Chrysonilia Sitophila

Methods in coccidiosis research: separation of oocysts from faeces

Parasitology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ryley ◽  
R. Meade ◽  
Judith Hazelhurst ◽  
Thelma E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Glass Bead ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Collection Medium ◽  
Forced Aeration

Factors which may be important in the large-scale extraction of coccidial oocysts from faeces have been investigated with Eimeria tenella. Age of bird, inoculum, feeding status at the time of inoculation, period of collection, feeding status during collection, collection medium, homogenization and sieving, flotation, washing, sporulation and further purification have all been considered. The aim has been to establish a method to produce the maximum number of oocysts of a required degree of purity and viability, with the expenditure of the minimum amount of physical effort, time, animals and chemicals. In our method, groups of chickens 3–4 weeks of age are inoculated with 5000 oocysts of E. tenella and food is supplied ad lib. Over the period 5–8 days after inoculation, faeces are collected in trays containing 2% (w/v) potassium dichromate solution, while food intake is restricted. The faecal material is homogenized, passed once through 40 and 100 mesh sieves, centrifuged and the oocysts recovered from the sediment by 3 flotations in saturated salt solution. Following washing, oocysts are sporulated by forced aeration at 30°C and may be further purified by hypochlorite treatment, or passage in 5% Tween 80 solution through a glass bead column followed by sucrose density gradient centri-fugation. Routine passages along these lines over a 5 year period have given a recovery of 46% of the oocysts excreted by over 7000 birds.

scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF GRAPE SEED OIL ON CHROMIUM-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVESTRESS IN RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Hassan Orabi ◽  
Sherif Mohamed Shawky
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Grape Seed Oil

The current study focused on investigating the renoprotective effects of grape seed oil (GSO) against hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI))-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 40 male rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I served as the control group, group II received 1000 mg/L potassium dichromate (353.5 mg/L Cr(VI)) in drinking water for 12 weeks, group III received 3.7 g/kg body weight/day GSO orally for 12 weeks, and group IV received GSO together with potassium dichromate for 12 weeks. Cr(VI) significantly increased serum levels of urea, creatinine, potassium and glucose. In addition, Cr(VI) increased MDA levels and induced renal tissue damage and DNA damage. On the other hand, Cr(VI) decreased serum levels of sodium and antioxidant defence system [reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)]. However, treatment with GSO prevented elevation levels of serum urea, creatinine, potassium and glucose. In addition, GSO enhanced sodium level, renal tissue antioxidant defense system due to its curative effect ameliorated particularly oxidative stress, renal tissue and DNA damage. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that GSO is a promising nephroprotective agent against Cr(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity.Key words: grape seed oil; hexavalent chromium; nephrotoxicity; DNA damage BLAŽILNI UČINKI OLJA GROZDNIH PEŠK PRI TOKSIČNI OBREMENITVI LEDVIC TER VPLIV NA OKSIDATIVNI STRES PODGAN, POVZROČEN S KROMOM Povzetek: Študija je bila osredotočena na proučevanje zaščitnih učinkov olja grozdnih pešk (GSO) pri toksični obremenitvi ledvic, povzročeni s heksavalentnim kromom (Cr (VI)). Štirideset samcev podgan je bilo naključno razdeljenih v štiri skupine: skupina I - kontrolna skupina, skupina II, ki je v pitni vodi 12 tednov prejemala 1000 mg/L kalijevega dikromata (353,5 mg/L Cr (VI)), skupina III, ki je peroralno 12 tednov prejemala 3,7 g/kg telesne mase/dan GSO ter skupina IV, ki je 12 tednov prejemala GSO skupaj s kalijevim dikromatom. Cr(VI) je znatno zvišal serumske ravni sečnine, kreatinina, kalija in glukoze v serumu. Poleg tega je Cr(VI) zvišal raven MDA in povzročil poškodbe ledvičnega tkiva in poškodbe DNK. Po drugi strani je Cr(VI) znižal serumsko raven natrija in antioksidativnega obrambnega sistema, zmanjšal raven glutationske peroksidaze in katalaze. Dodajanje GSO poskusnim živalim je preprečilo zvišanje ravni sečnine v serumu, kreatinina, kalija, natrija in glukoze. Poleg tega je GSO izboljšal obrambni sistem antioksidantov ledvičnega tkiva. Zaradi svojega zdravilnega učinka je izboljšal zlasti oksidativni stres, poškodbe ledvičnega tkiva in DNK. Rezultati kažejo, da je GSO obetavno zaščitno sredstvo za ledvica pri toksični obremenitvi, povzročeni s Cr(VI).Ključne besede: olje grozdnih pešk; heksavalentni krom; nefrotoksičnost; poškodba DNK

scholarly journals The fine structure produced in cells by primary fixatives 2. Potassium dichromate

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (73) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
JOHN R. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Mouse Pancreas

The exocrine cells of the mouse pancreas were fixed in potassium dichromate solution, embedded in araldite or other suitable medium, and examined by electron microscopy. Almost every part of these cells is seriously distorted or destroyed by this fixative. The ergastoplasm is generally unrecognizable, the mitochondria and zymogen granules are seldom visible, and no sign of the plasma membrane, microvilli, or Golgi apparatus is seen. The contents of the nucleus are profoundly rearranged. It is seen to contain a large, dark, irregularly shaped, finely granular object; the evidence suggests that this consists of coagulated histone. The sole constituent of the cell that is well fixed is the inner nuclear membrane. The destructive properties of potassium dichromate are much mitigated when it is mixed in suitable proportions with osmium tetroxide or formaldehyde.

Diversity and prevalence of gut parasites in urban macaques

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Bikram Sapkota ◽  
Roshan Babu Adhikari ◽  
Ganga Ram Regmi ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tirth Raj Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
The Status

Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are commonly found to inhabit various religious sites and cities in Nepal. Similar to other nonhuman primates, they are also the natural or reservoir host of several gut parasites. However, the status of gut parasitism, particularly in the urban dweller macaques, remains largely unexplored in the country. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of gut parasites in the monkeys inhabiting Bajrabarahee, an urban temple area in Lalitpur District, Nepal. A total of 42 fresh fecal samples of macaques belonging to five different troops, were collected and preserved in 2.5% (w/v) potassium dichromate solution. The fecal samples were processed by direct wet mount, concentration, and acid-fast techniques and examined under an optical microscope. All the fecal samples were positive with gut parasites. The parasites detected were Ascarid spp., Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria sp., Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba spp., Giardia sp., hookworm, Strongyloides sp., Strongylid spp., Trichomonas sp., and Trichuris sp. Cent percent prevalence rate and high species richness with 12 parasites may indicate that they have impact on the gut health of these monkeys. This suggests the need of deworming the macaque population and enhancing public awareness for pro-active control of parasitic infection as well as of adopting the preventive measures to lessen the zoonotic transmission of the pathogenic parasites.

Sexual maturation and fertility of male and female mice exposed prenatally and postnatally to trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Al-Hamood ◽  
A. Elbetieha ◽  
H. Bataineh
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Chromium Compounds

The reproductive toxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds was investigated in male and female mice exposed to 1000 ppm chromium chloride and potassium dichromate via their mother during gestational and lactational periods. Fertility was reduced in male offspring exposed to either trivalent or hexavalent chromium compounds. Body weights and weights of testes, seminal vesicles and preputial glands were reduced in trivalent-exposed male offspring. The exposure of female mice offspring to trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds delayed sexual maturation. Fertility was reduced in female offspring exposed to either trivalent or hexavalent chromium compounds. The exposure of female mice to hexavalent chromium compound reduced the number of implantations and viable fetuses respectively. Body weight and weights of ovaries and uteri were reduced in trivalent-exposed female offspring. The results indicate that under our experimental conditions, the exposure of male and female mice offspring to either trivalent or hexavalent chromium compounds during gestational and lactational periods impair reproductive functions and fertility in adulthood.

scholarly journals Anticoccidial Activity of Aloe debrana and Aloe pulcherrima Leaf Gel against Eimeria Oocysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andualem Yimer Desalegn ◽  
Mulubrihan Rahimeto Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Anticoccidial Activity ◽  
Avian Coccidiosis

Avian coccidiosis is one of the serious infectious diseases that pose huge impact on the health and production of poultry, hence mainly controlled by regular use of prophylactic and therapeutic chemical drugs. Frequent use of anticoccidial drugs, however, has resulted in the development of resistance in the Eimeria species and concerns about drug residues which have stimulated the efforts to search for alternative. Aloe pulcherrima and Aloe debrana are some of the endemic Aloe species of Ethiopia which are traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious diseases. In this study, an in vitro trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Aloe debrana and A. pulcherrima leaf gel infusions on the inhibition of the sporulation of oocysts of mixed Eimeria species isolated from naturally infected chickens. In this assay, petri dishes containing unsporulated coccidian oocysts at a dose of 1500 oocysts/ml of fecal solution were randomly assigned to 10, 15, 25, and 30% w/v crude gel infusion of both aloe species in 1% potassium dichromate solution while Amprolium and distilled water served as control groups. The results of this study show that 10, 15, 25, and 3 0% w/v gel infusions at the tested concentrations have anticoccidial activity as evidenced by their ability to decrease significantly (P<0.05) the sporulation of Eimeria oocysts relative to the control incubation. The efficacy of A. debrana was found significantly better (P<0.05) than A. pulcherrima at different concentrations. However, A. debrana at 30% concentration showed significantly higher (P<0.05) sporulation inhibition efficacy of 79.35% (CI: 75.99-83.21) compared to A. pulcherrima (69.17%, CI: 64.65-73.92) at similar concentration in relation to the control incubation, though this could not be compared to Amprolium which was more effective (P<0.05) with an inhibition percentage of 90.54% (CI: 89.16-92.21). This study has shown that there is potential for use of Aloe debrana leaf gel for the control of avian coccidiosis and as a chemotherapeutic, though much research is needed to determine absolute concentration which will make it comparable to commercially available drugs in terms of efficacy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Rhesus Macaque (Macaca Mulatta Zimmermann, 1780) and Hanuman Langur (Semnopithecus Entellus Dufresne, 1797) In Devghat, Chitwan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Pujan Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Pitambar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Hanuman Langur ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Multiple Species

The present investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Rhesus Macaque and Hanuman Langur at Devghat, Chitwan. Altogether 93 fresh faecal samples were collected from Rhesus Macaque belonging to five troops and Hanuman Langur of two troops. About 10 gm of faecal material was collected in sterile vials with 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. These samples were examined microscopically by faecal concentration methods viz. floatation technique and sedimentation technique. Out of 93 samples, 69 (74.20%) were found positive for at least one parasite. Prevalence of helminth and protozoan parasites was 52.68% and 40.86% respectively. Altogether, 10 species of parasites including seven helminth and three protozoa were identified based on morphological characteristics of their eggs and cysts under light microscopy. The most commonly detected parasites were Balantidium coli (27.95%) followed by Eimeria sp. (16.12%), Entamoeba sp. (13.97%), Trichuris sp. (23.65%), Ascaris sp. (11.82%), Strongyloides sp. (10.75%), Oesophagostomum sp. (5.37%), Hookworm sp. (3.22%), Trichostrongylus sp. (3.22%) and Hymenolepis sp. (1.07%). Unidentified larvae of nematode which account for 6.45% of total samples were also recorded. Single, double, triple and multiple species of parasites were found in 36.55%, 29.03%, 6.45% and 2.15% samples respectively. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 12-18

scholarly journals A simple radioactive method for the photographic measurement of the integrated intensity of X-ray spectra

1927 ◽  
Vol 115 (772) ◽  
pp. 640-657 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Photographic Plate ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Integrated Intensity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Order

In this paper will be given a preliminary account of a method by which the intensity distribution in X-ray crystal photographs may be estimated by means of a simple and inexpensive apparatus. In the usual photometric procedure the blackening of a photographic plate is estimated by finding the intensity of light transmitted through it. In the method to be described the photographic plate is replaced by a carbon print, and the light and light-sensitive cell by α -rays and a simple α -ray electroscope respectively. The obvious advantages of such a system are, of course, ease of construction and negligible cost; but, as will be seen below, there already appears promise of a much more weighty advantage, namely, that with suitable adjustment the apparatus may be made to integrate the X-ray intensity of a crystal reflection after the manner of the Bragg ionisation-spectrometer. Details are given below, but briefly the method is as follows. A carbon print is first made of the photographic negative . A carbon paper (or tissue, as it is called) consists merely of a pigmented film of gelatine sensitised with dilute aqueous potassium dichromate solution. On exposure to light such a film becomes insoluble, the depth of the insoluble layer after a given time being a measure of the intensity of the incident light. On development with warm water the remaining soluble portions are washed away, and there is left a film of thickness which varies according to the variation in blackness of the original negative. This insoluble film being very tough is readily detached, and, because it is so thin, its stopping-power for α -rays is just about of the right order. The variations in its thickness are thus very easily followed by aid of a few square millimetres of foil on which polonium has been deposited, a single slit, and the α -ray electroscope described by C. T. R. Wilson, which is usually figured in text-books. The latter can be constructed from an ordinary cigarette tin, and a simple tele-microscope with eyepiece scale.

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