scholarly journals Individual Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for palliative cancer patients in Lithuania. A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meda Sutkevičiūtė ◽  
Monika Stančiukaitė ◽  
Giedrė Bulotienė
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Psychological Difficulties ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Palliative Patients

Patients with oncological diseases, especially palliative care patients, suffer from physical and psychological difficulties. The quality of life of such patients is bad, they do not have purpose to live and they feel anxiety and distress. In 1959 Victor Frankl wrote the book Man’s Search for Meaning in which he stated that the driving force of human life lay in the ability to discern the  meaning of faith and spirituality. Inspired by Frankl’s ideas, the American psychiatrist William Breitbart with colleagues have developed both an individual and group model of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy. Studies show that this therapy helps patients to cope with distress, to discover the  meaning of life in palliative care patients, and to find the  strength to look at life positively; also, it relieves the  symptoms of illness. The  Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy is integrated in various countries and has recently been initiated for palliative patients in Lithuania. The individual Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy was used in the case reviewed in this paper.

scholarly journals Meaning-in-Life: A Vital Salutogenic Resource for Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Gørill Haugan ◽  
Jessie Dezutter
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Health Science Research ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBased on evidence and theory, we state that facilitating and supporting people’s meaning-making processes are health promoting. Hence, meaning-in-life is a salutogenic concept.Authors from various disciplines such as nursing, medicine, psychology, philosophy, religion, and arts argue that the human search for meaning is a primary force in life and one of the most fundamental challenges an individual faces. Research demonstrates that meaning is of great importance for mental as well as physical well-being and crucial for health and quality of life. Studies have shown significant correlations between meaning-in-life and physical health measured by lower mortality for all causes of death; meaning is correlated with less cardiovascular disease, less hypertension, better immune function, less depression, and better coping and recovery from illness. Studies have shown that cancer patients who experience a high degree of meaning have a greater ability to tolerate bodily ailments than those who do not find meaning-in-life. Those who, despite pain and fatigue, experience meaning report better quality-of-life than those with low meaning. Hence, if the individual finds meaning despite illness, ailments, and imminent death, well-being, health, and quality-of-life will increase in the current situation. However, when affected by illness and reduced functionality, finding meaning-in-life might prove more difficult. A will to search for meaning is required, as well as health professionals who help patients and their families not only to cope with illness and suffering but also to find meaning amid these experiences. Accordingly, meaning-in-life is considered a vital salutogenic resource and concept.The psychiatrist Viktor Emil Frankl’s theory of “Will to Meaning” forms the basis for modern health science research on meaning; Frankl’s premise was that man has enough to live by, but too little to live for. According to Frankl, logotherapy ventures into the spiritual dimension of human life. The Greek word “logos” means not only meaning but also spirit. However, Frankl highlighted that in a logotherapeutic context, spirituality is not primarily about religiosity—although religiosity can be a part of it—but refers to a specific human dimension that makes us human. Frankl based his theory on three concepts: meaning, freedom to choose and suffering, stating that the latter has no point. People should not look for an inherent meaning in the negative events happening to them, or in their suffering, because the meaning is not there. The meaning is in the attitude people choose while suffering from illness, crises, etc.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF RENDERING PALLIATIVE CARE TO THE ONCOLOGY PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
E.P. Gladunova
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer ◽  
Palliative Patients

The analysis of prevalence of cancer in the world, in Russia and on the territory of the Samara Region. The results of analysis of neglect of oncological diseases in the Samara region; the results of regression analysis of growth of oncological diseases are presented. The organization of rendering palliative care in the Samara Region is studied and assessment of provision of palliative patients with berths is carried out. The estimate of provision of patients with malignant neoplasms with drugs for pain management. Factors that reduce the quality of rendering of medical assistance to the oncology patients are revealed. Directions of improving the quality of pharmaceutical care of patients with cancer are suggested.

Security Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Paweł Kępka
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Security Design ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
The Individual

The article presents issues related to  security design including, among others, the classification of security design, criteria for its division, the essence of design, security interests and objectives, security determinants (environment), concepts for safety-enhancing activities under specified conditions, security potential and the concept of security enhancing activities. The considerations are based on the assumption that security is first and foremost based on the need to protect against the real risks posed by elements that could negatively affect individuals, communities or entire countries. On the other hand, the long history, beyond the defined approach to  providing security, resulting strictly from the willingness to  live in  a  specific environment (space), indicates cases in which the sense of security is related to the authority, capabilities, quality of assets and resources possessed. Both of the approaches presented emphasise that, regardless of their attitude, the issue of protection of human life and health is the most important category of things to be protected. The first approach indicates a reactionary character, closely related to intervention in respect of a given threat (real or imaginary), while the second one draws the perspective of organising the security potential that constitutes the strength of the individual in general, including the case of a real threat. It is a sign of preparing resources (legal, organisational, material, financial, informational) for the potential threat from nature, another person or a country. The concepts defined for preparing for what becomes a threat to the protected values are not only logical, but can also be seen in a hierarchical way. The proof in this case is that, first of all, people repel what threatens them here and now and only then do they think about building their security potential as an answer to what they may face in the future.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL HERITAGE OF ACADEMICIAN IVAN ZIAZUN IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNIZATION OF EDUCATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Vasyl Kremen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Pedagogical Action ◽  
Education Organization ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Teacher Personality ◽  
The Individual

The article stated that modern Ukrainian education and science require a new understanding of the philosophical and intellectual concepts, theories, and the experience of education organization in synchronic and diachronic discourse, which provides the quality of innovative educational and scientific reformation, enrichment of the nation's intellect, and search for landmarks in the establishment of Ukraine in the European space. The conceptual ideas of academician Ivan Andriiovych Ziaziun are generalized in order to actualize the philosophical and pedagogical achievements of the scientist-philosopher in modern pedagogical theory and educational practice.The conceptual ideas of academician I. Ziaziun were embodied in the author's conceptions of the philosophical and pedagogical heritage: "philosophy of education", "pedagogical excellence", "pedagogy of good", "the beauty of pedagogical action" etc. The scientist substantiated the interdisciplinary connection of psychology and pedagogy, extrapolating it in the context of the meaning of consciousness and sub- consciousness in professional and personal development of a teacher, giving meaningful value to reflection as an instrument of self-evaluation and self-perfection. The problem of human nature is a pivot in the philosophical concept of academicianI. Ziaziun, which manifests itself in the spiritual, psychic, ethical and aesthetic dimensions of human life. In the context of defining the human nature of the individual, the academician substantiated the principles of the philosophy of education.The key requirement of the humanistic paradigm of education is pedagogical thinking and pedagogical action, which constitute the values of subject-subject interaction in the educational environment. The scientist emphasized that pedagogical excellence is a manifestation of activity of teacher personality, a humanistic philoso- phical position, the effectiveness of extrapolation of adequate methods and forms of learning. The teacher's pedagogical act is manifested in self-realization within pedagogical activity, which ensures the self-development of student's personality, in pedagogical technique, speech culture, the dialogic nature of communication, the search for truth, in figurative aesthetic worldview, and creative activity.

scholarly journals Dreaming during COVID-19: the effects of a world trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Marogna ◽  
Emanuele Montanari ◽  
Silvio Contiero ◽  
Klodjana Lleshi
Keyword(s):  
Instant Messaging ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
World Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychological Difficulties ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a state of health emergency affecting the entire world population. Given the serious practical and psychological difficulties and complications that have been experienced during this period, many scholars have created hypothesis, as a consequence, an increased possibility of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within the general population with significant implications for one’s dream activity. Participants in the study were recruited via the instant messaging application ‘WhatsApp’ for a period of 14 days. The study consisted of three phases: the first phase provided information on the purpose of the research and how to carry it out; in the second phase, each participant, using the Bionian model of dream experience as a focus, was asked to write down dreams, emotions and free connections/associations related to the dream. At the end of the collection, the texts obtained were analysed by means of a qualitative analysis performed with the aid of the MAXQDA software. The study confirms the computational and exploratory analysis of the text carried out in the research of Pesonen et al. (2020), finding also in our sample the presence of the hypothesized clusters going to explain the manifestation of imagery related to COVID-19 also within the dream activity. To confirm this, the nightmare of participant number 6 of the study is reported. The following qualitative research has offered an insight into the traumatic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, showing how many unmetabolized ‘daytime elements’ have been reproposed in the dream scenario, recalling the symptomatology of PTSD through the presence of distressing content that affect the quality of sleep and the daily life of the individual.

scholarly journals Palliative Care in Gynaecological Oncology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalezinska Monika ◽  
Chovanec Josef
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Life Prognosis ◽  
Patient’S Autonomy ◽  
Postmenopausal Status ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Palliative care in gynaecologic oncology focuses on specific and severe symptoms resulting from affected abdominal and pelvic organs and feminine genitals. These symptoms are mainly connected to advanced gynaecologic malignancies. Patients with locally advanced or recurrent gynaecologic cancers may present with various symptoms. Among those we discuss vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge and fistulas. Vice versa non-malignant diseases and non-pelvic site diseases such as inflammations, overdose of anticoagulants, wounds or pressure ulcers may have similar clinical manifestation. Some symptoms may result from aggressive cancer treatment (oncological surgery, radiotherapy) with curative intent. Some symptoms get worse on account of the postmenopausal status (natural or artificial following any type of ovarian failure). For advanced gynae-oncological diseases it has been in practise, that the best palliative care is offered and practised simultaneously with curative treatment. The problematics of gynaecologic symptoms in palliative care represents delicate and intimate sphere and it may disturb patient’s autonomy and dignity. The mission of physicians, nurses and caregivers is to consider treatment options thoroughly in context of patient’s quality of life, prognosis and life conditions to fulfil the ideals of the best symptomatic and supportive care.

Informatics and Literature Search

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Tieman ◽  
David C. Currow
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Individual

Health information technology is changing how health professionals engage with and use knowledge and how health systems organize care. Tools and resources can facilitate access to evidence and enable its application in practice improving outcomes for the individual patient and for the health-care system. However, the quality of these applications relies on the quality and currency of the domain knowledge that is embedded within them and distributed through them. Therefore being able to identify and retrieve palliative care’s evidence base is more critical than ever. Given the complexity of timely, efficient, and effective retrieval of needed knowledge, new approaches are needed to manage the expanding and diffuse knowledge base for palliative care. Such strategies include developing online repositories of clinical knowledge to ensure immediate access and creating search solutions that shortcut access to literature and evidence to support practice, research, and education.

scholarly journals A medicalização da morte e os cuidados paliativos [Medicalization of death and palliative care] [La medicalización de la muerte y los cuidados paliativos]

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. e41021
Author(s):  
Alessandra Zanei Borsatto ◽  
Ana Dulce Santana dos Santos ◽  
Jane Márcia Progianti ◽  
Octavio Muniz da Costa Vargens
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
The Other ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Individual

Objetivo: refletir sobre o processo histórico da medicalização da morte e como os cuidados paliativos podem modificar esse cenário. Conteúdo: o ponto de partida é a discussão de como ocorreu, ao longo dos séculos, o processo de medicalização da sociedade e da morte para, a seguir, apresentando a proposta dos cuidados paliativos, discutir como essa abordagem pode promover a desmedicalização do processo de morte. Conclusão: a medicalização da morte é um processo que se consolidou ao longo dos séculos, ganhando força através do modelo hospitalocêntrico de atenção à saúde. Por outro lado, a proposta dos cuidados paliativos se apresenta como uma possibilidade de mudança de paradigma na convivência com uma doença ameaçadora da vida e frente ao processo de morte uma vez que seu objetivo é melhorar a qualidade de vida do indivíduo de acordo com as suas prioridades, valorizando a sua autonomia. Dessa maneira, o cuidado paliativo pode ser promotor da desmedicalização da morte.ABSTRACTObjective: to reflect on the historical process of the medicalization of death and how palliative care can modify this scenario. Content: the starting point is the discussion of how the process of medicalization of society and death took place over the centuries, and then, presenting the palliative care proposal, to discuss how this approach can promote the demedicalization of the death process. Conclusion: the medicalization of death is a process that has been consolidated over the centuries, gaining strength through the hospital-centered model of health care. On the other hand, the proposal of palliative care presents itself as a possibility of paradigm change in the coexistence with a life threatening disease and in the death process since its objective is to improve the quality of life of the individual according to their their autonomy. In this way, palliative care can be the promoter of demedicalization of death.RESUMENObjetivo: reflexionar sobre el proceso histórico de la medicalización de la muerte y cómo los cuidados paliativos pueden modificar ese escenario. Contenido: el punto de partida es la discusión de cómo ocurrió, a lo largo de los siglos, el proceso de medicalización de la sociedad y de la muerte para, a continuación, presentar la propuesta de los cuidados paliativos, discutir cómo este enfoque puede promover la desmedicalización del proceso de muerte. Conclusión: la medicalización de la muerte es un proceso que se ha consolidado a lo largo de los siglos, ganando fuerza a través del modelo hospitalocéntrico de atención a la salud. Por otro lado, la propuesta de los cuidados paliativos se presenta como una posibilidad de cambio de paradigma en la convivencia con una enfermedad amenazadora de la vida y frente al proceso de muerte una vez que su objetivo es mejorar la calidad de vida del individuo de acuerdo con las suyas prioridades, valorando su autonomía. De esta manera, el cuidado paliativo puede ser promotor de la desmedicalización de la muerte.

scholarly journals A conceptual model of barriers and facilitators to primary clinical teams requesting pediatric palliative care consultation based upon a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Walter ◽  
Douglas L. Hill ◽  
Concetta DiDomenico ◽  
Shefali Parikh ◽  
Chris Feudtner
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Pediatric Palliative Care ◽  
Palliative Care Consultation ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Care Consultation ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Despite evidence that referral to pediatric palliative care reduces suffering and improves quality of life for patients and families, many clinicians delay referral until the end of life. The purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual model for why clinical teams delay discussing palliative care with parents. Discussion Building on a prior model of parent regoaling and relevant research literature, we argue for a conceptual model of the challenges and facilitators a clinical team might face in shifting from a restorative-focused treatment plan to a plan that includes palliative aspects, resulting in a subspecialty palliative care referral. Like patients and families, clinicians and clinical teams may recognize that a seriously ill patient would benefit from palliative care and shift from a restorative mindset to a palliative approach. We call this transition “clinician regoaling”. Clinicians may experience inhibitors and facilitators to this transition at both the individual and team level which influence the clinicians’ willingness to consult subspecialty palliative care. The 8 inhibitors to team level regoaling include: 1) team challenges due to hierarchy, 2) avoidance of criticizing colleagues, 3) structural communication challenges, 4) group norms in favor of restorative goals, 5) diffusion of responsibility, 6) inhibited expression of sorrow, 7) lack of social support, 8) reinforcement of labeling and conflict. The 6 facilitators of team regoaling include: 1) processes to build a shared mental model, 2) mutual trust to encourage dissent, 3) anticipating conflict and team problem solving, 4) processes for reevaluation of goals, 5) sharing serious news as a team, 6) team flexibility. Conclusions Recognizing potential team level inhibitors to transitioning to palliative care can help clinicians develop strategies for making the transition more effectively when appropriate.

Principles of palliative care

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 676-679
Author(s):  
Joshua Getty
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Individual

Palliative care traditionally focused on symptom-control in dying patients, but has recently evolved to include care of life-threatening or limiting conditions by optimising the benefits of treatment and considering other ways to improve the quality of life for patients. This is achieved through holistic consideration of physical, psychosocial and spiritual factors affecting the individual patient. The aim of this article is to explore these factors and initial management options.

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