scholarly journals ANTROPOLOGISKE KRUMSPRING I ET VIDENSSAMFUND: Om at lave feltarbejde i en agora

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Brichet ◽  
Gritt Bykærholm Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Pure Science ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Physical Integrity ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Point Of Departure

Taking its point of departure in their recent fieldwork, the authors explore the concept of knowledge in two different ways. How is scientific knowledge conceived in the debate surrounding the passage of the new Danish legislation on universities? And how is it possible to work with knowledge in the form of humanistic research as object of anthropological enquiry? In anthropology, knowledge, in relation to research has especially been studied regarding the natural sciences, i.e. in laboratories. The authors see this as a logical consequence of the development in anthropological method and theory, where the anthropological object has increasingly been defined as an object with a specific physical integrity – that is, as tied to a group of people and/or a physical place. This discussion finds an interesting parallel in the debate of the new act. Scientific knowledge is by some humanistic researchers understood as a solitary process where demands from larger society, as well as from the institutional community are considered restrictive, a factor that potentially pollutes the otherwise pure science. Thereby science is perceived as a relatively autonomous field in society – quite similar to the classic notion of culture. Arguing for an actor-network, dialogic notion of the anthropological field, i.p. as an agora, requires a “rhizomatic” form of knowledge for humanistic research in general and anthropological research in particular.  

scholarly journals DET ZOOFILE ÅRHUNDREDE

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Departure

Anne Knudsen: The Century of Zoophilia Taking as her point of departure the protests against a dying child having his last wish fulfilled because his wish was to kill a bear, the author argues that animals have achieved a higher moral status than that of humans during the 20th century. The status of animals (and of “nature”) is seen as a consequence of their muteness which on the one hånd makes it impossible for animals to lie, and which on the other hånd allows humans to imagine what animals would say, if they spoke. The development toward zoophilia is explained as a a logical consequence of the cultural naturalisation of humans, and the author draws the conclusion that we may end up entirely without animals as a category. This hypothetical situation will lead to juridical as well as philosophical complications.

scholarly journals The role of the multidisciplinary approach in the philosophy of history

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Anisimova ◽  
Tatyana V. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Methodological Status ◽  
Nature And Society

The article discusses the role of the disciplinary approach in the study of historical memory. In the modern research field, the methodological status of an interdisciplinary approach is becoming more and more popular. It is connected with the problems of the new ontology formation, where the general foundations between nature and society are investigated. Many sciences use the of interdisciplinary methodology to understand the interaction of the natural sciences and the humanities. Today, the organization of interdisciplinarity is actively criticized, which does not take into account the interconnection between natural sciences and humanities. The absence of this relationship is manifested in the problems of historical memory. Therefore, the idea is being advanced to justify the fundamental status of historical memory, it is necessary to change the organization of scientific knowledge.

W.E.B. Du Bois and interdisciplinarity: A comprehensive picture of the scholar’s approach to natural science

2020 ◽  
pp. 1468795X2093862
Author(s):  
Jordan Fox Besek ◽  
Patrick Trent Greiner ◽  
Brett Clark
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Racism ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Socially Situated

Throughout his life, W.E.B. Du Bois actively engaged the scientific racism infecting natural sciences and popular thought. Nevertheless, he also demonstrated a sophisticated and critical engagement with natural science. He recognized that the sciences were socially situated, but also that they addressed real questions and issues. Debate remains, however, regarding exactly how and why Du Bois incorporated such natural scientific knowledge into his own thinking. In this article, we draw on archival research and Du Bois’ own scholarship to investigate his general approach to interdisciplinarity. We address how and why he fused natural scientific knowledge and the influence of physical environs into his social science, intertwining each with his broader intellectual and political aims. This investigation will offer a fuller understanding of the scope and aims of his empirical scholarship. At the same time, it will illuminate a sociological approach to natural science that can still inform scholarship today.

Bridging Critical Constructivism and Postphenomenology at Techno-Anthropology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Børsen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Strategy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
The Third ◽  
Critical Constructivism ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Guest Lecturer ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point Of Departure

Both postphenomenology and critical constructivism are central paradigms used as philosophies and theoretical resources at the Master’s program in Techno-Anthropology at Aalborg University. In the fall of 2018 a didactical experiment was set up as Techno-Anthropology Master’s students were introduced to postphenomenology and critical constructivism and asked to compare these two theoretical positions. This comparative assignment and following class discussions between students, a guest lecturer and teachers is the point of departure for this paper. First, the paper introduces Techno-Anthropology with a special focus on the roles of postphenomenology and critical constructivism in the Master’s program. The next part of the paper zooms in on how these two philosophical positions were presented to the students. The third part analyzes students’ comparisons of postphenomenology and critical constructivism. On that basis, the author identifies similarities and differences between the two positions and discusses how the two positions can complement each other in a unified Techno-Anthropological research strategy.

Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrus Tool
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Helmuth Plessner ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer

Wilhelm Dilthey initially studied theology in Germany but later shifted to philosophy and history. He tackled the specific nature of human sciences in relation to natural sciences and initiated a debate on the connection between understanding and explanation in scientific knowledge. In addition to his own school, he exerted influence on fellow philosophers Martin Heidegger, Helmuth Plessner, and Hans-Georg Gadamer. This chapter explores the formation of Dilthey’s philosophical views, including the principle of phenomenality, the theory of human sciences, and the role of inner experience as the main source of cognition in human sciences. It also discusses his later work and his arguments concerning empirical factuality, congealed objectivity, and processual reality. Finally, the chapter examines how ideas similar to those of Dilthey have influenced organizational culture and dynamics.

scholarly journals Att betygsätta elevers kunskaper – möjligheter och begränsningar Grading pupils' knowledge – possibilities and limitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Frank Bach ◽  
Birgitta Frändberg ◽  
Mats Hagman ◽  
Eva West ◽  
Ann Zetterqvist
Keyword(s):  
Rasch Model ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Educational Legislation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
National Tests ◽  
Different Parts

National tests in the natural sciences for grade 6 were carried out 2013 - 2015. One aim was to provide information about students’ scientific knowledge according to the “abilities”: communicating, exploring and explaining, as stated in the syllabus. Are these “abilities” possible and reasonable to distinguish from each other? Answers (60,000) were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and controlled for dimensionality in a Rasch model. The results show that the tests mainly capture one overall ability. It was not possible to separate the three “abilities” in a reliable way. Thus, our analyses show that dividing the test into subscales for grading the “abilities” jeopardize test validity. A more reliable option might be to let students’ strong and weak performances in relation to different parts of the syllabus compensate for each other. Lastly we discuss our results in relation to the Swedish educational legislation.

scholarly journals D’Alembert’s Contribution to the French Enlightenment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Haibin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
European Countries ◽  
French Mathematician ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
French Enlightenment

The French Enlightenment directly influenced and promoted the Enlightenment in other European countries. During the Enlightenment, the development of natural science and the dissemination of scientific knowledge greatly promoted the emancipation of human minds. D’Alembert is a famous French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and philosopher. As a representative on mission during the French Enlightenment, d’Alembert made important contributions to mechanics, mathematics, and astronomy that greatly promoted the development of natural sciences.

scholarly journals Preface

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. vi-x
Author(s):  
Geni Chaves Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production

Studies are pointing to changes in scientific knowledge production systems regarding different models (mode2, triple helix, actor-network, post-academic etc.), emphasizing its interdisciplinary, multiplayer and multiplace characteristics. When seeking an explanation of reality, models create interpretive images that interfere in the reality, as they operate offering parameters to actions. The differences and implicit forecasts they present point not only to local, cultural or ideological burdens in its construction, but especially that the different intervening forces have not yet found stability, indicating that we are still going through a time of transition.

Truthmakers and Consequence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Game Plan ◽  
Soundness And Completeness ◽  
Truthmaker Semantics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

We compare Tarski’s notion of logical consequence (preservation of truth) with that of Prawitz (transformability of warrants for assertion). The latter is our point of departure for a definition of consequence in terms of the transformability of truthmakers (verifications) relative to all models. A sentence’s Tarskian truth-in-M coincides with its having an M-relative truthmaker. An M-relative truthmaker serves as a winning strategy or game plan for player T in the ‘material game’ played on that sentence against the background of the model M. We enter conjectures about soundness and completeness of Classical Core Logic with respect to the notion of consequence that results when the domain is required to be decidable. We consider whether the truthmaker semantics threatens a slide to realism. We work with examples of core proofs whose premises are given M-relative truthmakers; and show how these can be systematically transformed into a truthmaker for the proof’s conclusion.

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