scholarly journals Comida na mesa, barraca na feira: Soberania Alimentar em famílias camponesas no município do Divino, MG./Food Sovereignty of peasents at Divino, MG: a Geography of Food?

2018 ◽  
pp. 310-330
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Oliveira Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Agroecological Movement ◽  
High Level

O objetivo deste artigo é debater sobre a soberania alimentar de agricultores do município do Divino (MG), articulados ao movimento agroecológico. Para tal, utilizamos métodos de participação observante, além de entrevistas e caminhadas guiadas pelos agricultores em suas propriedades. Os resultados demonstram um alto grau de soberania alimentar nesse grupo: a maior parte da alimentação destes provém de seus plantios. Essa diversidade produtiva está “geografada” nas paisagens rurais e nos oferece caminhos para pensar na soberania alimentar em outras escalas. ABSTRACTThis article aims to debate about the food sovereignty of peasents at Divino, MG, articulated in the agroecological movement. The methodological approach of this research utilized is the observant participation. Interviews and guided walks in the peasant’s properties are also part of the methodology. The results demonstrate a high level of food sovereignty in this specific group: most of their feeding comes from their lands. This productive diversity is geographically pinpointed in the rural landscape and, above all, it may suggest the possibility of food sovereignty at different scales.Key words: Food Sovereignty, Territory; Agroecology

scholarly journals A new attempt to discover the covert recognition of faces

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
B.G. Meshcheryakov ◽  
A.I. Nazarov ◽  
L.G. Chesnokova ◽  
D.V. Yushchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The One ◽  
Masking Stimulus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

The article describes an experiment which used a new methodological approach to the study of covert recognition of faces by means of registration electro-dermal activity under short-term exposure of familiar and unfamiliar faces and the backward facelike masking stimulus. In contrast to previous studies the control of stimulus awareness allows us to evaluate not just the correct recognitions, but false alarms too. We used as the familiar faces not faces of the well-known persons, but faces of persons from the inner circle of subjects, including the subject’s own face. We confirmed the hypothesis that the characteristics of the electro-dermal reactions in response to familiar and unfamiliar faces will not be different in subjects with a high level of false alarms. However, for the group of subjects with practically zero false alarm rate and zero discriminability of familiar and unfamiliar faces an analysis of electro-dermal reactions have been mixed. On the one hand, as analysis on a group level showed, nor electrocutaneous reactions frequency, nor their amplitudes were not significantly different for the familiar and unfamiliar faces. On the other hand, it is clearly that these individual median and mean values of the amplitudes of subject's reactions are in average more than 2 times stronger when viewed familiar faces than viewed unfamiliar ones. These results leave a good chance to prove the effect of covert identification of faces in further experimentation with other groups of subjects

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Population’s Migration Potential as an Important Component of Migration Policy

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Olha Ryndzak
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
The Unemployed

Development of preventive migration state policy requires investigation of not only real but also prospective migration. This article provides the author’s methodological approach to the study of a population’s migration potential. The migration desires index (MDI), as one of the most important indicators of migration potential, was calculated for the unemployed urban population in Lviv, Ukraine, on the basis of the results of a monitoring sample survey (2013–2016, 2018). The MDI shows wave-like development dynamics. Generally, the share of “solid” migrants (persons who have firm plans to work abroad in the years ahead) grew from 14% in 2014 to 25% of the unemployed population in Lviv in 2018. Despite such a high level of migration desires, the respondents also showed a clear urge to be employed in Ukraine. Overall, the study results show that the improvement of employment opportunities in the national labor market and improvement of the wage system will contribute to a reduction of the level of migration potential and will thus slow the pace at which the working-age population is leaving. For those who still have a firm intention to go abroad, the state should provide an appropriate level of social and economic protection, primarily by establishing effective cooperation with countries that are most attractive for potential labor migrants. The author’s surveillance study shows that such countries are Germany, the USA, Canada, and Poland.

Applying General Systems Performance Theory and the Elemental Resource Model to Gender-Related Issues in Physical Education and Sport

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Kondraske ◽  
P.J.H. Beehler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Performance Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resource Model ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
General Systems ◽  
High Level

Traditional human performance research methods have consisted of multiple regression statistical models based on data such as physical size parameters, reaction times, running speeds, and jumping power. Despite widespread use over many years, the success achieved with these methods has been poor to mediocre. Robust methods for prediction and discovery of insights into human performance remain illusive. The purpose of this paper is to introduce General Systems Performance Theory (GSPT) and the Elemental Resource Model (ERM) for human performance into the fields of physical education and sport. This theory and model collectively represent a new methodological approach with unique features that include: 1) modeling and measurement of all aspects of performance using resource constructs, 2) the use of cause-and-effect resource economic principles (i.e., the idea of threshold “costs” for achieving a given level of performance in any given high level task), and 3) the concept of monadology (i.e., the use of a set of “elements” to explain a complex phenomenon). Although the ERM is intended to encompass all attributes of performance of all human subsystems and to apply to any circumstance involving a human and task, we focus here on relevance and application to gender-related issues in physical activities. This is achieved, after presenting an overview of the ERM, by means of a description and discussion of a set of hypothetical experiments that may be used as a guide for conducting future research. Based on our preliminary investigations, we suggest that it may be appropriate to question the common practice of anticipating and seeking correlations between high level task performance and routinely acquired measures of more basic aspects of performance (e.g., the resources). In contrast to traditional statistical modeling methods, the new concepts and methods represent a cause-and-effect approach that is more similar to the process that an engineer uses to design a system capable of performing a specified task. We believe that the ERM and its associated methods offer a promising basis for a broad spectrum of research into often controversial, gender-related human performance issues and we encourage more widespread investigation, refinement, and implementation of the ERM and GSPT.

scholarly journals LMT USV Toolbox, a Novel Methodological Approach to Place Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Their Behavioral Contexts—A Study in Female and Male C57BL/6J Mice and in Shank3 Mutant Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice de Chaumont ◽  
Nathalie Lemière ◽  
Sabrina Coqueran ◽  
Thomas Bourgeron ◽  
Elodie Ey
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
High Level

Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are used as a phenotypic marker in mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, current methodologies still require time-consuming manual input or sound recordings clean of any background noise. We developed a method to overcome these two restraints to boost knowledge on mouse USVs. The methods are freely available and the USV analysis runs online at https://usv.pasteur.cloud. As little is currently known about usage and structure of ultrasonic vocalizations during social interactions over the long-term and in unconstrained context, we investigated mouse spontaneous communication by coupling the analysis of USVs with automatic labeling of behaviors. We continuously recorded during 3 days undisturbed interactions of same-sex pairs of C57BL/6J sexually naive males and females at 5 weeks and 3 and 7 months of age. In same-sex interactions, we observed robust differences between males and females in the amount of USVs produced, in the acoustic structure and in the contexts of emission. The context-specific acoustic variations emerged with increasing age. The emission of USVs also reflected a high level of excitement during social interactions. We finally highlighted the importance of studying long-term spontaneous communication by investigating female mice lacking Shank3, a synaptic protein associated with autism. While the previous short-time constrained investigations could not detect USV emission abnormalities, our analysis revealed robust differences in the usage and structure of the USVs emitted by mutant mice compared to wild-type female pairs.

scholarly journals PARTICIPACIÓN DE LAS MUJERES EN LAS UNIDADES PRODUCTIVAS FAMILIARES RURALES, ROSITA, RAAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Sonia Del Carmen García Aguilar ◽  
Argentina García Solórzano
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
High Level ◽  
Document Review

Se identificó el nivel de desempeño de las mujeres en las Unidades Productivas Familiares (UPF) y la relación existente entre las familias de la comunidad El Zopilote, municipio de Rosita, Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte. El estudio es cualitativo, se han descrito situaciones, personas, interacciones, actitudes y comportamientos observables. Los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos tienen como enfoque el interaccionismo simbólico porque se reflexiona sobre los significados sociales que las personas asignan al mundo que les rodea para valorar o visibilizar la participación de las mujeres en el trabajo y en la toma de decisiones en las UPF. Las técnicas fueron entrevistas, observación participante, grupos focales, mapeo de las unidades productivas seleccionadas y revisión documental. Se encontró que las mujeres de la comunidad El Zopilote están involucradas en diferentes actividades dentro de las Unidades Productivas Familiares. Tienen un alto nivel de participación en todo el ciclo productivo, evidenciándose así que tienen parte en algunas decisiones y que es menor sobre los rubros de mayor valor para la comercialización de los productos. El estudio aporta la facilitación de nuevas estrategias a todas las ONG e instituciones del Estado que desean trabajar en la comunidad con temas relacionados al estudiado. SUMMARY We identified the level of performance of women in the Family Production Units (FPU) and the relationship between the families of the community El Zopilote, municipality of Rosita, North Atlantic Autonomous Region. The study is qualitative and it describes situations, people, interactions, attitudes and observable behaviors. The theoretical and methodological approach are focus on a symbolic interactionism because it examines the social meanings that people put on the world that surrounds them to assess and highlight women participation in the work and decision-making in the FPU. The techniques that were applied are: interviews, participant observation, focus groups, mapping of the selected production units and document review. Among the results we found that the women of the community El Zopilote are involved in different activities within the family production units. They have a high level of participation in the entire production cycle, and this is evident that they are taken into consideration in some decisions which are less on the items of greater value for the marketing of products. The study provides new strategies to the NGO’s and state institutions who are interested to work in the community on issues related to this study.

scholarly journals Review of archetype development strategies for energy assessment at urban scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
G M Colleto ◽  
V Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
High Level

Abstract Understanding the built environment’s impacts is essential to support strategic planning and policy design for sustainable development now, and in the future. Modelling individual buildings and infrastructure at high level of detail is resource intensive. Thus, urban scale analyses demand simplifications that balance level of detail and scope broadness. For combining simplified modelling and extended scope, classification by archetypes emerge as a promising methodological approach to extend assessment scope beyond energy use simulation. Archetypes that include life cycle assessment (LCA) parameters can support circularity challenges diagnosis, mapping and predictions, strategies to close material and energy loops and their monitoring within urban built environments. We hypothesized that, upon limited complementation, operational and pre/post construction (embodied) datasets coupled with building grouping techniques satisfactorily represent the built stock to support cradle to grave LCA of built environments. Studies on the use of archetypes for this purpose are scarce, so this article reports findings of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on archetypes-based approaches for energy assessment that could inspire application in LCA studies at urban scale. The SLR highlighted a lack of methodological consensus, and that data availability seems to be the major limitation for archetype creation in most studies, which rarely present in-depth information on their development. The few investigations providing consistent methodological procedures actually detail the initial classification process. Transposing the archetype strategy from energy assessment to LCA at urban scale faces practical limitations. Several databases support operational energy studies, but the same does not apply to LCA. Urban building energy models typically overlook infrastructure. Also, statistical results depend directly on data input quality and data availability may compromise the quality of variable selection.

scholarly journals An Expert-Driven Probabilistic Assessment of the Safety and Security of Offshore Wind Farms

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5465
Author(s):  
Oscar Hernán Ramírez-Agudelo ◽  
Corinna Köpke ◽  
Yann Guillouet ◽  
Jan Schäfer-Frey ◽  
Evelin Engler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
High Level ◽  
Offshore Wind Industry

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are important infrastructure which provide an alternative and clean means of energy production worldwide. The offshore wind industry has been continuously growing. Over the years, however, it has become evident that OWFs are facing a variety of safety and security challenges. If not addressed, these issues may hinder their progress. Based on these safety and security goals and on a Bayesian network model, this work presents a methodological approach for structuring and organizing expert knowledge and turning it into a probabilistic model to assess the safety and security of OWFs. This graphical probabilistic model allowed us to create a high-level representation of the safety and security state of a generic OWF. By studying the interrelations between the different functions of the model, and by proposing different scenarios, we determined the impacts that a failing function may have on other functions in this complex system. Finally, this model helped us define the performance requirements of such infrastructure, which should be beneficial for optimizing operation and maintenance.

scholarly journals The Political Discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Methodology and Research Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ambroziak
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

This review analyses The Political Discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Terms and Ideas, a monograph written by Anna Grześkowiak-Krwawicz. The work describes the main concepts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s political language between 1569 and 1795. The study is mostly based on political literature, i. e. theoretical treatises and works devoted to relevant issues of the political life of the state. The author makes an attempt to create her own methodological approach, which consists of describing the political discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by analysing its basic concepts, i. e. “Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth”, “law”, “freedom”, “forma mixta” and “separation of powers”, “consent”, “virtue”, “patriotism”, and “ancientry”. The scholar notes the small role that the concepts of “sovereignty”, “state”, and “property” played in political discourse. The reviewer compliments the wide range of literature used by the author and the high level of generalisations, due to which the work is a successful attempt at synthesising existing historiographic knowledge. At the same time, the reviewer points out further prospects for studying the issue: the application of a comparative approach, consideration of the context of ancient thought, analysis of differences in the political language in various parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the evolution of political discourse, as well as a significant expansion of the research base.

scholarly journals The Moscow youth’s resources of successful adaptation to the economic crisis and factors of enhancing their adaptation potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-457
Author(s):  
E. V. Shlykova
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Adaptation Potential ◽  
Successful Adaptation ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
High Level

The article presents the features of the adaptation potential of the urban youth as the most successfully adapting to the crisis group of the Russian population. Based on the results of the secondary analysis of empirical data, the author emphasizes the lack of scientific knowledge about the factors contributing to the successful adaptation of the megapolis youth to the social-economic crisis. The article explains the necessity to use a special methodological approach to the study of adaptation of young people to crisis conditions, which takes into account the complex of resources involved in adaptation and social development. Based on the P.S. Kuznetsov’s complex model of social development resources ensuring successful adaptation of the youth, the author conducted empirical interpretation and operationalization of the notion “youth’s adaptation potential” using seven sets of resources: material, self-preservation, regulatory, reproductive, communicative, cognitive and self-realization. Based on the monitoring of the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, the author identifies the factors for successful adaptation of the Moscow youth to the economic crisis: high family income; search for additional earnings rather than waiting for help from government and public structures; small cash savings; the indirect impact of the crisis and the high assessment of one’s financial situation; high level of readiness to take material, social and financial risks; stability and security in the workplace, the ability to realize one’s skills; high level of communicative resources; high level of education, a broad outlook and motivation for self-education; value orientations that contribute to an active adaptation strategy; positive attitude to achieving life goals. The article presents some recommendations for decision makers in the field of youth policy aimed at strengthening the adaptive potential of the Moscow youth and successful models of adaptation to crisis conditions in everyday practices.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Modelling of Individual Greenhouse Gas Abatement Measures in Industry

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619
Author(s):  
Tobias Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
High Level

The dynamic bottom-up modelling of greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement measures in industry makes it possible to derive consistent transformation paths on the basis of heterogeneous, process-specific developments. The main focus is on the development of a transparent methodology for small-scale modelling and combination of individual GHG abatement measures. In this way, interactions between GHG abatement measures are taken into account when deriving industrial transformation paths. The presented three-part methodological approach comprises the preparation (1) and implementation (2) of GHG abatement measures as well as the resulting effects on the output parameters (3) in a technology mix module. In order to consider interactions in the measures implementation, year-specific overall measure matrices are created and prioritised based on the GHG abatement costs. Finally, the three-part methodology is tested in a consistent technology mix scenario. The results show that the methodology enables integrated industrial technology mix scenarios with a high level of climate ambition based on a plausible development of energy consumption and emissions. Compared to the reference scenario, the process-and energy-related emissions decrease by 90 million tCO2 (77% of the 1990 level in 2050). The developed methodology and the related technology mix scenario within the framework of the bottom-up industry model SmInd can support strategic decision-making in politics and an efficient transition to a greenhouse gas neutral industry.

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