scholarly journals Advances in Classification Research Online 2013 Classification, Ontology, and the Semantic Web

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Formal Ontologies ◽  
Over Time

The Semantic Web is developing slowly, but arguably surely. Two inter-related sources of delay are network effects and ontologies. The Semantic Web has come over time to rely onformal ontologies but there are many of these and they are each hard to master. The ability to link databases is compromised by the use of incompatible ontologies. But the RDF triplet format at the centre of the Semantic Web insists only on triplets of the form (object) (predicate orproperty) (subject). This paper explores the potential for a classification system that contains these three types of hierarchies (things, predicates, properties), plus a minimal set of rules on how they can be combined, to serve the needsof the Semantic Web. To this end, it surveys theroles (both the intended roles and side-effects) that formal ontologies play within the Semantic Web. The paper also briefly reviews the challenges faced in applying existing classification systems or thesauri to the Semantic Web.<br />

scholarly journals Thematic Reclassifications and Emerging Sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Sandoz
Keyword(s):  
Classification Systems ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Thematic Structure ◽  
Over Time

AbstractOver time, various thematic classifications have been put forward to organize science into a coherent system of specialized areas of research. From an analysis of the historical evolution of the criteria used to distinguish the sciences from one another, I propose in this paper a quadripartite typology for the different thematic classification systems propounded by scholars throughout the centuries. Basically, I argue that the criteria used to differentiate the sciences have been alternately drawn from their respective subject matters, kinds of knowledge, methods and aims. Then, I show that several reclassifications occurred in the thematic structure of science. Finally, I argue that such changes in the structure of learning displaced the modalities of contact between the objects, knowledge, methods and aims of the various branches of science, with the result of outlining reshaped intellectual territories conducive to the emergence of new areas of research.

scholarly journals Toward the Development of a Comprehensive Clinically Oriented Patient Profile: A Systematic Review of the Purpose, Characteristic, and Methodological Quality of Classification Systems of Adult Spinal Deformity

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Yat Hong Kwan ◽  
J Naresh-Babu ◽  
Wilco Jacobs ◽  
Marinus de Kleuver ◽  
David W Polly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Patient Profile

Abstract BACKGROUND Existing adult spinal deformity (ASD) classification systems are based on radiological parameters but management of ASD patients requires a holistic approach. A comprehensive clinically oriented patient profile and classification of ASD that can guide decision-making and correlate with patient outcomes is lacking. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review to determine the purpose, characteristic, and methodological quality of classification systems currently used in ASD. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science for literature published between January 2000 and October 2018. From the included studies, list of classification systems, their methodological measurement properties, and correlation with treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Out of 4470 screened references, 163 were included, and 54 different classification systems for ASD were identified. The most commonly used was the Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification system. A total of 35 classifications were based on radiological parameters, and no correlation was found between any classification system levels with patient-related outcomes. Limited evidence of limited quality was available on methodological quality of the classification systems. For studies that reported the data, intraobserver and interobserver reliability were good (kappa = 0.8). CONCLUSION This systematic literature search revealed that current classification systems in clinical use neither include a comprehensive set of dimensions relevant to decision-making nor did they correlate with outcomes. A classification system comprising a core set of patient-related, radiological, and etiological characteristics relevant to the management of ASD is needed.

scholarly journals Dietary Melatonin and Glycine Decrease Tumor Growth through Antiangiogenic Activity in Experimental Colorectal Liver Metastasis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2035
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Kvietkauskas ◽  
Viktorija Zitkute ◽  
Bettina Leber ◽  
Kestutis Strupas ◽  
Philipp Stiegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Over Time

Despite multimodal treatment strategies, clinical outcomes of advanced stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remain poor. Neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy is limited due to chemoresistance, toxicity, and negative side effects. Since both melatonin and glycine have anti-cancer activities without relevant side effects, this study was designed to investigate their combined effects in experimental CRC liver metastases. CRC metastasis with CC531 cells were induced in male Wistar rats. Melatonin and glycine alone or their combination were supplemented for 14 days (n = 100). Blood parameters, a micro-computed tomography scan (tumor volume over time), and immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and CD31 expression in tumor tissue were compared between groups. Melatonin and glycine alone significantly reduced the tumor volume by 63.2% (p = 0.002) and 43% (p = 0.044) over time, respectively, while tumor volume increased by 8.7% in the controls. Moreover, treatment with melatonin and glycine alone reduced the tumor proliferation index. Most interestingly, the combination therapy did not have any influence on the above-mentioned tumor parameters. The leukocyte count was significantly increased with melatonin at the end of the experiment (p = 0.012) which was due to a high lymphocytes count. Tumor microvascular density was significantly reduced in all treatment groups. The results of this study suggest an inhibitory function for melatonin and glycine alone in the case of CRC liver metastasis growth by acting as natural antiangiogenic molecules, followed by angiogenesis-dependent cancer proliferation and immunomodulation.

Computerized Cone Penetration Test for Soil Classification

2008 ◽  
Vol 2053 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang ◽  
Mehmet Tumay ◽  
Mark Morvant
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Tip Resistance

Computerized MS-Windows Visual Basic software of a cone penetration test (CPT) for soil classification was developed as part of an extensive effort to facilitate the implementation of CPT technology in many geotechnical engineering applications. Five CPT soil engineering classification systems were implemented as a handy, user-friendly, software tool for geotechnical engineers. In the probabilistic region estimation and fuzzy classification methods, a conformal transformation is first applied to determine the profile of soil classification index (U) with depth from cone tip resistance (qc) and friction ratio (Rf). A statistical correlation was established in the probabilistic region estimation method between the U index and the compositional soil type given by the Unified Soil Classification System. Conversely, the CPT fuzzy classification emphasizes the certainty of soil behavior. The Schmertmann and Douglas and Olsen methods provide soil classification charts based on cone tip resistance and friction ratio. However, Robertson et al. proposed a three-dimensional classification system that is presented in two charts: one chart uses corrected tip resistance (qt) and friction ratio (Rf); the other chart uses qt and pore pressure parameter (Bq) as input data. Five sites in Louisiana were selected for this study. For each site, CPT tests and the corresponding soil boring results were correlated. The soil classification results obtained using the five different CPT soil classification methods were compared.

Yoruba Disease Classifications for Planning in Health Care

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Brieger ◽  
Jayashree Ramakrishna ◽  
Joshua D. Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
General Point ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Illness And Disease ◽  
Point Of Departure

An understanding of local concepts of illness and disease that underlie disease classification systems is essential for designing culturally relevant training programs in primary health care. Prior to training personnel in primary health care in Idere, Nigeria, residents were interviewed revealing that two main groups of disease exist. Generally, arun is serious, chronic and contagious, while aisan represents temporary indispositions. When given seventeen conditions to classify, respondents clearly demarked five as arun and five as aisan while the remainder fell in a grey area in between. Ironically, malaria which is a dangerous disease to young children, was classified as aisan. The disease classification system is being used as a general point of departure for discussion during training. Concerning training on the specific diseases, appropriate ideas are reinforced while others are modified all within the context of the local classification system.

scholarly journals Detailed Quantification of Glomerular Structural Lesions Associates with Clinical Outcomes and Transcriptomic Profiles in Nephrotic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Hodgin ◽  
Laura H. Mariani ◽  
Jarcy Zee ◽  
Q Liu ◽  
Abigail R. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe current classification system for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) does not fully capture the complex structural changes in kidney biopsies, nor the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of these diseases. The Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) Digital Pathology Scoring System (NDPSS) was applied to 221 NEPTUNE FSGS/MCD digital kidney biopsies for glomerular scoring using 37 descriptors. The descriptor-based glomerular profiles were used to cluster patients with similar morphologic characteristics. Glomerular descriptors and patient clusters were assessed for association with time to proteinuria remission and disease progression by using adjusted Cox models, and eGFR measures over time by using linear mixed models. Messenger RNA from glomerular tissue was used to assess differentially expressed genes (DEG) between clusters and identify genes associated with individual descriptors driving cluster membership. Three clusters were identified: X (N=56), Y (N=68), and Z (N=97). Clusters Y and Z had higher probabilities of proteinuria remission (HR [95% CI]= 1.95 [0.99, 3.85] and 3.29 [1.52, 7.13], respectively), lower hazards of disease progression 0.22 [0.08, 0.57] and 0.11 [0.03, 0.45], respectively), and greater loss of eGFR over time compared with X. Cluster X had 1920 DEGs compared to Y+Z, which reflected activation of pathways of immune response and inflammation. Six individual descriptors driving the clusters individually correlated with clinical outcomes and gene expression. The NDPSS allows for characterization of FSGS/MCD patients into clinically and biologically relevant categories and uncovers histologic parameters associated with clinical outcomes and molecular signatures not included in current classification systems.TRANSLATIONAL STATEMENTFSGS and MCD are heterogeneous diseases that manifest with a variety of structural changes often not captured by conventional classification systems. This study shows that a detailed morphologic analysis and quantification of these changes allows for better representation of the structural abnormalities within each patient and for grouping patients with similar morphologic profiles into categories that are clinically and biologically relevant.

scholarly journals Do audiological classification systems cause more confusion than clarity?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Access To Services

The lack of a single classification system is clearly problematic, not least because it renders intervention studies difficult to interpret and has implications for patient access to services.

scholarly journals From Natural Language to RDF Graphs with Pregroups

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Delpeuch ◽  
Anne Preller
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Pregroup Grammars ◽  
Unbounded Dependencies ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Rdf Graphs

We define an algorithm translating natural language sentences to the formal syntax of RDF, an existential conjunctive logic widely used on the Semantic Web. Our translationis based on pregroup grammars, an efficient type-logical grammatical framework with atransparent syntax-semantics interface. We introduce a restricted notion of side effects inthe semantic category of finitely generated free semimodules over {0,1} to that end.The translation gives an intensional counterpart to previous extensional models.We establish a one-to-one correspondence between extensional models and RDF models such that satisfaction is preserved. Our translation encompasses the expressivity of the target language and supports complex linguistic constructions like relative clauses and unbounded dependencies.

Evolution of Hotel Classification System in Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich KOZLOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Classification System ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tourism Organization

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the approaches to the system of classification of accommodation facilities in the Russian Federation. The United Nations World Tourism Organization pays great attention to the unification of classification systems for accommodation facilities in all countries of the world, issuing appropriate recommendations on tourism statistics systems, classification of economic activities, as well as criteria for interregional harmonization. In the Russian Federation, there are a number of laws, regulations, state standards, building and sanitary norms and rules concerning the classification of accommodation facilities. They are so imperfect that they have to be revised almost annually or even several times a year. The general statistics of accommodation facilities currently do not correspond to world recommendations. The classification system needs to be revised and brought into line with international standards as much as possible.

Electroconvulsive therapy awareness as approach for psychology students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Simona Trifu ◽  
Elena Mănicu ◽  
Milu Petruţ ◽  
Adrian Nicu Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Over Time

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) generated many controversies over time. The clinical literature establishing the efficacy of ECT is among the most solid for any medical treatment, and has been extensively reviewed; however, both practitioners and patients seem to be still reluctant on this issue. In the following review we are aiming at raising the level of awareness among the interested parties regarding ECT. Epidemiological evidence shows that there are a growing number of cases in which ECT has a great benefit, among the most notable being pharmacological resistant depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, catatonia and others. Current guidelines seem to be overly-prudent regarding ECT indications, in spite of a growing body of research attesting to its importance. Side effects of ECT range from somatic to cognitive and, with a careful prior examination, most are acute and can be managed in a few minutes. An exception to this is the cognitive impairment, which can last from a few hours to a few weeks and presents a reason to reconsider ECT in elderly patients with an important preexisting cognitive impairment.

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