Market Access in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Zafer Çalişkan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Access

The Trans-Pacific Partnership: The Challenges of Unraveling the Noodle Bowl

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Elms
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade

Abstract Much has been made of the “spaghetti or noodle bowl” problem of overlapping preferential trade agreements (PTA). A new PTA, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), currently under negotiation between eleven states – Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States and Vietnam – is intended to help address this issue. The TPP will lower or eliminate barriers to trade among the partners. But officials are not operating in a vacuum as they negotiate this new agreement. Instead, they must contend with rules created in previous agreements, many of which link TPP partners together in ways that constrain their options now. This article looks in detail at negotiations over market access in goods to better understand the tradeoffs faced by negotiators. Unfortunately, some of the decisions made so far after three years of talks suggest that the TPP market access deal could end up being just another twisted noodle in a crowded bowl.

scholarly journals Establish Halal Market Access, New Zealand an Example

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Khaldoun Shatnawi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Access

scholarly journals Infrared detection of codling moth larvae in apples

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
R.T. Wilkinson ◽  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
A.J. Hawthorne ◽  
D.E. Hartnett ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Infrared Detection ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a key pest of apples exported from New Zealand and is dif cult to control at levels required to ensure quarantine security demanded by many countries. Market access for New Zealand apples into countries with strict codling-moth quarantine regulations currently relies on methyl bromide fumigation combined with cold treatment (e.g. Japan) or the use of a rigorous systems approach (e.g. Taiwan). Detection of codling moth in apples would enable the very few apples in the packhouse with codling moth to be graded out. In this study, a commercially available Compac Spectrim grading system was used to determine if codling moth entry holes could be detected. This system provides high-clarity images through enhanced lighting and optics, as well as using various infrared wavelengths to target different defects and machine-learning algorithms to differentiate defects. Apples infested with first- or third-instar codling moth larvae were processed through the Spectrim machine. The system successfully identi ed 100% of apples infested with rst- instar larvae and 96% of apples infested with third-instar larvae. Additionally, damage caused by the two life stages was able to be differentiated.

scholarly journals Nysius huttoni on exported kiwifruit the role of olfactory cues

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 451-451
Author(s):  
J. Giejsztowt ◽  
M.G. Hill ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
R.C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Gain Access

Nysius huttoni (Hemiptera Orsillidae; wheat bug) is endemic to New Zealand It is occasionally intercepted in overseas markets on exported kiwifruit jeopardising market access and leading to costly remedial processes (eg fumigation reexport) Studies have shown that N huttoni aggregate on weeds in orchard loadout areas and may gain access to kiwifruit whilst these are in wooden bins used for transport to the packhouse This behaviour may be moderated by olfactory cues The effect of olfactory cues released by kiwifruit and wooden bins (pallet wood) on the walking response of N huttoni was tested in a Ytube olfactometer over 4 months using fieldcollected adults Nysius huttoni collected in December showed no response to either of the odour cues tested Those collected during January/ February showed no response to pallet wood but they exhibited avoidance behaviour when exposed to kiwifruit odour Nysius huttoni collected during March emulated the January/February trends These results suggest that aggregations of N huttoni on wooden bins and kiwifruit during picking and transport may not be caused by olfactory cues rather from the texture of kiwifruit or bins which afford N huttoni an overwintering habitat particularly if the response of individuals in flight is similar to those walking

scholarly journals Efficacy of phosphine fumigation of apples for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) disinfestation

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Rogers ◽  
B.L. Bycroft ◽  
K.G. Somerfield ◽  
D.W. Brash ◽  
D. Klementz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Specific Control

Codling moth although rare on New Zealand export pipfruit is a quarantine actionable pest that limits access to countries where it is not present and requires specific control measures during production Fumigation with phosphine gas is a disinfestation technology that has recently been extended to fresh produce Apples infested with codling moth fifth instar larvae and eggs were fumigated for two durations at concentrations from 500 to 3500 ppm phosphine at two temperatures Larval mortality assessed 3 days post fumigation at 05C increased with increasing dose with little difference between 48 and 72h treatments In contrast mortality after fumigation of larvae at 12C did not increase with dose and resulted in overall higher mortality than 05C Codling moth eggs were more susceptible to fumigation at 05C than at 12C; fumigation at 12C had minimal effect at all doses The implications for improved market access using phosphine fumigation are discussed

scholarly journals Use of geographic information systems and satellite data for assessing climatic risk of establishment of plant pathogens

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
K.S. Kim ◽  
R.M. Beresford
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Grass Hosts ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

Geographic information systems (GIS) have been used for geospatial data management and analysis map production and spatial modelling They also have the potential to incorporate climate and satellite data that could provide a spatial perspective on risk of establishment of plant pathogens In the present case study the climatic suitability for establishment of dwarf bunt a disease that can cause market access restrictions on wheat or other grass hosts in New Zealand was analysed using a GIS approach Establishment risk for dwarf bunt in New Zealand was found to be very low GIS was found to be a more versatile tool for modelling potential geographic distribution of organisms than conventional climate matching tools such as CLIMEX

scholarly journals Distribution of western (Glasshouse strain) and intonsa flower thrips in New Zealand

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M-C. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
The South ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
The North

Western flower thrips (WFT) (Frankliniella occidentalis) (glasshouse strain) and Intonsa flower thrips (IFT) (Frankliniella intonsa) are polyphagous pests that were first recorded in New Zealand in 1992 and 2002 respectively Surveys were carried out to determine the distribution of these two insects providing useful information for pest management market access and biosecurity Crops (mostly capsicum) were sampled for thrips in 18 greenhouses in the South Island in March/April 2004 and in6 greenhouses in the North Island in November/December 2004 and March 2005 Six outdoor crops (three in each island) were also sampled Between 20 and 50 flower buds were sampled from each greenhouse and thrips were extracted slidemounted and identified to species The results showed that WFT is widely distributed throughout New Zealand while IFT is only recorded in samples from Auckland and Waikato

New Zealand Plant Protection Society / Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Casey Flay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Food Research

Production of Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) is a billion- dollar industry in New Zealand that is threatened by various pests and diseases. Armoured scale insects, leafroller insects and a disease caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) all cause economic loss to the kiwifruit industry because of the damage they inflict and the market access restrictions imposed if their presence is detected. Examining the available kiwifruit germplasm pool for resistance to the armoured scale insect (Hemiberlesia lataniae) was identified as a promising first step towards introgression of resistance into future kiwifruit cultivars. To integrate resistance alleles into current and future breeding programmes efficiently, robust markers linked to resistance genes need to be identified. Casey Flay, recipient of the NZPPS/Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship, is a PhD student at Massey University. In the first year of his PhD, Casey studied H. lataniae scale resistance markers in a small family of A. chinensis var. chinensis from breeding populations at the New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research. Markers were identified for this population that were associated with phenotype and were validated in a related population. To test these markers in a diverse background, four families made from a cross of wild-sourced material was phenotyped. All the seedlings resulting from crossing resistant parents with a tolerant parents were resistant to H. lataniae. However, further work is required to backcross resistant progeny with susceptible parents before marker information can be associated with phenotype. Ongoing work includes studying H. lataniae resistance as well as resistance to the brownheaded leafroller (Ctenopseustis obliquana) in a large kiwifruit population which is segregating for resistance to both H. lataniae and C. obliquana. Loci responsible for each type of resistance will be identified and a detailed quantitative trait locus (QTL) map generated. This process will allow markers to be developed to target these QTLs, enabling them to be robust tools for resistance breeding. Casey will also study the effects of Psa on the kiwifruit germplasm collection at Plant & Food Research. Selection mapping will be used to assess alleles that are removed from the germplasm population as  a consequence of Psa infection. Results of this work will provide information on the sections of the kiwifruit genome that confer tolerance or susceptibility to Psa, enabling breeders to enhance breeding for resistance to Psa. Breeding for resistance to biotic threats that are currently targeted by chemical sprays is a reasonable move toward a healthier, cheaper and more environmentally friendly form of food production. This will benefit organic producers and conventional producers alike by reducing market access issues, decreasing the need for pest control, and decreasing the real and perceived risks associated with spray residues, resulting in increased market appeal and economic returns. This one-off NZPPS/Zespri Kiwifruit Scholarship was possible thanks to Zespri. It was funded by the proceeds of a symposium on Psa held in Palmerston North in 2016 run jointly by Zespri and the New Zealand Plant Protection Society.

scholarly journals Traceability of meat products - application of DNA technology

2001 ◽  
pp. 255-257
Author(s):  
M.L. Tate
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Technology ◽  
Product Improvement

Traceability requirements for market access, food safety and disease control are a key issue in the meat industry. Traceability also offers new opportunities for market-lead product improvement and genetic selection. DNA technology has recently provided a solution to the problem of tracing meat cuts from overseas markets back to the New Zealand processor's carcass record and the farm of origin. The DNA system involves storing a sample of every carcass processed, and using forensic DNA matching to identify the ensuing meat cuts. While the system has solved one aspect of traceability, significant challenges remain to provide cost effective meat traceability for market assurance and product improvement. Keywords: animal welfare, consumers, DNA, market access, traceability

scholarly journals Nutrient budgets - a key indicator of soil sustainability

1996 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
I.K. Boddy ◽  
J.D. Morton ◽  
D.C. Edmeades
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Market Access ◽  
National Level ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Nutrient Budgets ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

Sustainable land management is now embedded in New Zealand law in the form of the Resource Management Act, 1991. Nutrient budgets and soil tests are seen as important tools for monitoring soil chemical sustainability. Nutrient budgets require that all inputs and outputs of nutrients from a farm are quantified. The aim is to ensure inputs and outputs are in balance thus producing a sustainable system. Recent experience suggests that using the study group (or Landcare group) approach is an effective way of introducing the nutrient budgeting approach to farmers. At the same time a computer software package ('Overseer') for assisting the calculations involved is being developed and tested. P nutrient budgets for two Waikato dairy farms suggest that surplus P is being produced. Such information provides a basis for future decisions on P fertiliser inputs to balance the P requirements for production against those for sustainable land management. Nutrient budgets can be aggregated to the regional and national level as required. By being able to calculate nutrient budgets in this way, New Zealand will be in a good position to _ demonstrate a commitment.to.nutrient.management~ thus ensuring continued and perhaps enhanced market access for our agricultural products. Keywords: dairying, nutrient budgets, study groups, sustainable land management

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