The health and social costs of chronic kidney disease in Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Americo Cicchetti ◽  
Matteo Ruggeri ◽  
Paola Codella ◽  
Alessandro Ridolfi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Chronic kidney disease is growing as a global public health problem throughout the world. In Italy, CKD is becoming increasingly common with 52,777 patients treated with dialysis in 2010, about 10,000 new patients/years in dialysis from 2010.  The impact on the health care system includes € 2.1 billion/year for dialysis plus € 338 million for indirect costs. Aim of the present analysis was to explore socio-economical variables in the management of CKD, and assess direct and indirect health costs and NHS resources consumption. The overall cost for patients in dialysis is about 44,000 €/years for hemodialysis and 30,000 €/years for peritoneal dialysis with different resources consumption over the different stage disease. The possibility of reducing the progression of renal damaging and beginning of dialysis may induce a low expenditure for the Italian NHS.

The chronic kidney disease “epidemy”

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
General Term ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
New Classification ◽  
And Function ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Chronic kidney disease is a general term for heterogenous disorders with >3 months duration affecting kidney structure and function. Nowadays, involving 10–16% of the adult population worldwide, chronic kidney disease is recognised as a major global public health problem. The number of cases is continuously increasing. In this review, epidemiology, definition, new classification and a conceptual model for development, progression and complications of chronic kidney disease as well as strategies to improve outcome are summarized. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 43–51.

Recent Advances on Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Treatment, and Prevention of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 389-411
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Since the end of 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, commonly known as COVID-19, has become an infectious disease that has produced a severe global public health problem that requires solutions from different scientific initiatives. Nanomaterials are used to diagnose, treat, and prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its potential is highlighted through specific applications and developments carried out by researchers around the world. In addition to highlighting the characteristics and properties of the COVID-19 virus, the purpose of the chapter is focused on describing the role that nanomaterials are playing and that must be overcome due to the pandemic. Future research directions are described to guide readers on the innovations that are required related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. The impact that nanomaterials will have on COVID-19 will reduce the time for humans to return to the rhythm of life before the pandemic.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pharmacogenetic Studies in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4480
Author(s):  
Maria Tziastoudi ◽  
Georgios Pissas ◽  
Georgios Raptis ◽  
Christos Cholevas ◽  
Theodoros Eleftheriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Additive Inheritance

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global public health problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity. Although the treatment of nephrology patients has changed considerably, ineffectiveness and side effects of medications represent a major issue. In an effort to elucidate the contribution of genetic variants located in several genes in the response to treatment of patients with CKD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available pharmacogenetics studies. The association between genotype distribution and response to medication was examined using the dominant, recessive, and additive inheritance models. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity was also performed. In total, 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which examined the association of 11 genes (16 polymorphisms) with the response to treatment regarding CKD. Among the 29 studies, 18 studies included patients with renal transplantation, 8 involved patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 3 studies included patients with lupus nephritis. The present meta-analysis provides strong evidence for the contribution of variants harbored in the ABCB1, IL-10, ITPA, MIF, and TNF genes that creates some genetic predisposition that reduces effectiveness or is associated with adverse events of medications used in CKD.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW ARTICLE ON PANDU W.S.R. ANAEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150
Author(s):  
Shivam Kumar Nigam ◽  
Rita Singh ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Pandu Roga is one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurveda characterized by the changes in the skin colour to white (Shweta), yellowish (Peeta), greenish (Harita) etc. which is one of the “Varnopalakshita Roga" i.e., a disease characterized by the change in the colour. The clinical condition of Pandu in Ayurveda can be co-related with Anaemia described in Modern Medical Science, due to the resemblance in the clinical signs and symptoms. In Modern Medicine, Pandu is a pale appearance which may be due to the decreased blood supply to the skin or de- creased visibility of oxyhemoglobin. Anaemia is a major global public health problem and the most prevalent nu- tritional deficiency disorder in the world. This article presents the Ayurvedic concept of Pandu Roga (Anaemia). Keywords: Pandu, Vyadhi, Srotas, Anaemia, Pallor,

Flt3 inhibition alleviates chronic kidney disease by suppressing CD103+ dendritic cell-mediated T cell activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1853-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Wang ◽  
Titi Chen ◽  
Chengshi Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Xin Maggie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Flt3 Inhibitor

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, which lacks effective treatment. Previously, we have shown that CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) are pathogenic in adriamycin nephropathy (AN), a model of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is a receptor that is expressed with high specificity on tissue resident CD103+ DCs. Methods To test the effect on CD103+ DCs and kidney injury of inhibition of Flt3, we used a selective Flt3 inhibitor (AC220) to treat mice with AN. Results Human CD141+ DCs, homologous to murine CD103+ DCs, were significantly increased in patients with FSGS. The number of kidney CD103+ DCs, but not CD103− DCs or plasmacytoid DCs, was significantly decreased in AN mice after AC220 administration. Treatment with AC220 significantly improved kidney function and reduced kidney injury and fibrosis in AN mice. AC220-treated AN mice had decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and CCL5 and reduced kidney infiltration of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. The protective effect of AC220 was associated with its suppression of CD103+ DCs-mediated CD8 T cell proliferation and activation in AN mice. Conclusion Flt3 inhibitor AC220 effectively reduced kidney injury in AN mice, suggesting that this inhibitor might be a useful pharmaceutical agent to treat CKD.

scholarly journals Association between MANBA Gene Variants and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Korean Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2255
Author(s):  
Hye-Rim Kim ◽  
Hyun-Seok Jin ◽  
Yong-Bin Eom
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Global Public Health

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a damaged condition of the kidneys, is a global public health problem that can be caused by diabetes, hypertension, and other disorders. Recently, the MANBA gene was identified in CKD by integrating CKD-related variants and kidney expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data. This study evaluated the effects of MANBA gene variants on CKD and kidney function-related traits using a Korean cohort. We also analyzed the association of MANBA gene variants with kidney-related traits such as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and uric acid levels using linear regression analysis. As a result, 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were replicated in CKD (p < 0.05), consistent with previous studies. Among them, rs4496586, which was the most significant for CKD and kidney function-related traits, was associated with a decreased CKD risk in participants with the homozygous minor allele (CC), increased eGFR, and decreased creatinine and uric acid concentrations. Furthermore, the association analysis between the rs4496586 genotype and MANBA gene expression in human tubules and glomeruli showed high MANBA gene expression in the minor allele carriers. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MANBA gene variants were associated with CKD and kidney function-related traits in a Korean cohort.

scholarly journals The role of hemostatic disorders in the progression of chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
I. Dudar ◽  
I. Mykhaloiko
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Hemostatic Disorders

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health problem because of its high prevalence and the accompanying increase in the risk of end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. At present there is a number of experimental and clinical data that show that one of the important mechanisms of the pathogenesis of CKD is a violation of the blood coagulation system (hemostasis) both locally in the kidneys and with the capture of the microcirculatory channel of other organs, therefore an important task for specialists in the  nephrology, as well as doctors of other specialties is  understanding  the functioning of the system of hemostasis in normal and in various kidney diseases and the correction of this pathology with drugs. There are several types of haemostasis disorders that may occur in CKD: disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC), arterial and venous thrombosis and bleeding. In this review, we tried to determine the place of the DIC in the development and progress of the CKD and to assess the prospects for further research.

scholarly journals The Role of Opioids in Pain Management in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Dolati ◽  
Faezeh Tarighat ◽  
Fariba Pashazadeh ◽  
Kavous Shahsavarinia ◽  
Saina Gholipouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Transdermal Fentanyl ◽  
Opioid Dose

: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. Pain is one of the most generally experienced symptoms by CKD patients. Pain management is a key clinical activity; nonetheless, insufficient pain management by health professionals keeps it up. Opioids as pain relievers are a class of naturally-derived and synthetic medications. They act through interactions with receptors in peripheral nerves. Numerous pharmacokinetic alterations happen with aging that influence drug disposition, metabolism, and quality of life. Acetaminophen alone, or combined with low-potency opioid dose is regarded as the safest pain-relieving choice for CKD. Morphine and codeine are probably eluded in renal impairment patients and used with excessive carefulness. Tramadol, oxycodone, and hydromorphone can be used by patient monitoring, while methadone, transdermal fentanyl, and buprenorphine seem to be safe to use in older non-dialysis patients with renal impairment. Consistent with the available literature, the main aim of this review was to explore the occurrence of chronic pain and its opioid treatment in CKD patients. According to this review, more and well-made randomized controlled trials are necessary to find appropriate opioid doses and explore the occurrence of side effects.

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