scholarly journals Tigecycline: a review of the literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Mario Venditti ◽  
Maria Elena Pompeo ◽  
Flavia Fabi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Spectrum Activity

Tigecycline is a new first-in-class glycylcycline antimicrobial agent with expanded broad-spectrum activity. It was developed to overcome the two key resistance mechanisms, efflux pumps and ribosomal protection, that limit the use of tetracycline. The spectrum of activity extends to clinically relevant susceptible and multidrug resistant bacteria, as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin resistant Enterococci, Acinetobacter spp, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains (ESBLs). Tigecycline has been introduced into clinical practice as part of the effort to combat the growing problem of bacterial resistance to anti-infective therapy: tigecycline could replace some broad-spectrum agents for approved indications reducing the selective pressure provided by antibiotic administration. The expanded in vitro activity against a broad range of bacteria, including resistant pathogens, of tigecycline suggest that this novel antimicrobial agent should offer clinicians an option for the treatment of patients with serious bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Propolis and Antibiotics on Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Lavigne ◽  
Jérémy Ranfaing ◽  
Catherine Dunyach-Rémy ◽  
Albert Sotto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections around the world. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is among the main pathogens isolated in UTIs. The rate of UPEC with high resistance towards antibiotics and multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased dramatically and conduct to the difficulty to treat UTIs. Due to the rarefaction of new antibiotics molecules, new alternative strategies must be evaluated. Since many years, propolis has demonstrated an interesting antibacterial activity against E. coli. Here, we evaluated its activity added to antibiotics on a panel of UPEC with different resistance mechanisms. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and time–kill curves of fosfomycin, ceftriaxone, ertapenem and ofloxacin, with and without propolis, were determined. Significant diminution of the MICs was observed using ceftriaxone or ofloxacin + propolis. Propolis alone had a bacteriostatic activity with time-dependent effect against UPEC. The addition of this nutraceutical improved the effect of all the antibiotics evaluated (except fosfomycin) and showed a synergistic bactericidal effect (fractional inhibitory concentrations index ≤ 0.5 and a decrease ≥ 2 log CFU/mL for the combination of propolis plus antibiotics compared with the antibiotic alone). Propolis is able to restore in vitro antibiotic susceptibility when added to antibiotics against UPEC. This study showed that propolis could enhance the efficiency of antibiotics used in UTIs and could represent an alternative solution.

scholarly journals Phage Resistance Mechanisms Increase Colistin Sensitivity in Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Wang ◽  
Belinda Loh ◽  
Yunsong Yu ◽  
Xiaoting Hua ◽  
Sebastian Leptihn
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Phage Resistance ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Few emergency-use antibiotics remain for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Infections with resistant bacteria are becoming increasingly common. Phage therapy has reemerged as a promising strategy to treat such infections, as microbial viruses are not affected by bacterial resistance to antimicrobial compounds. However, phage therapy is impeded by rapid emergence of phage-resistant bacteria during therapy. In this work, we studied phage-resistance of colistin sensitive and resistant A. baumannii strains. Using whole genome sequencing, we determined that phage resistant strains displayed mutations in genes that alter the architecture of the bacterial envelope. In contrast to previous studies where phage-escape mutants showed decreased binding of phages to the bacterial envelope, we obtained several not uninfectable isolates that allowed similar phage adsorption compared to the susceptible strain. When phage-resistant bacteria emerged in the absence of antibiotics, we observed that the colistin resistance levels often decreased, while the antibiotic resistance mechanism per se remained unaltered. In particular the two mutated genes that conveyed phage resistance, a putative amylovoran- biosynthesis and a lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis gene, impact colistin resistance as the mutations increased sensitivity to the antibiotic.

The Potential of Ganoderma Lucidum as Antimicrobial Agent for Multidrug- Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meira Erawati ◽  
Megah Andriany ◽  
Niken Safitri Dyan Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: The problem of bacterial resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be solved by seeking for alternative substances that potentially inhibit the growth or kill the bacteria. Ganoderma lucidum is one type of fungus which is potential to be an antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to determine the potential of G. lucidum on inhibiting the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria of M. tuberculosis in vitro. Methods: This study used a solid dilution method to test the extract of G. lucidum as an antibacterial agent. Results and Conclusion: Results showed that all strains of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-Tb) gave similar responses to G. lucidum extract at various concentrations. The bacteria did not grow on the medium containing G. lucidum extract at the smallest concentration of 12.5%, as well as concentrations of 25% and 50%. Ganoderma lucidum can be used as one of the alternatives for MDR-Tb drugs in the future.

scholarly journals Rational design, synthesis and testing of novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitors for the treatment of bacterial infections part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385
Author(s):  
R. Kirk ◽  
A. Ratcliffe ◽  
G. Noonan ◽  
M. Uosis-Martin ◽  
D. Lyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Topoisomerase Inhibitors ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

We disclose the discovery of REDX07965, a novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitor (NTTI) which has broad spectrum activity, favourable in vitro pharmacokinetic properties and selectivity versus human topoisomerase II.

scholarly journals Avoiding ventilator-associated pneumonia: Curcumin-functionalized endotracheal tube and photodynamic action

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 22967-22973
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Zangirolami ◽  
Lucas D. Dias ◽  
Kate C. Blanco ◽  
Carolina S. Vinagreiro ◽  
Natalia M. Inada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital-acquired infections are a global health problem that threatens patients’ treatment in intensive care units, causing thousands of deaths and a considerable increase in hospitalization costs. The endotracheal tube (ETT) is a medical device placed in the patient’s trachea to assist breathing and delivering oxygen into the lungs. However, bacterial biofilms forming at the surface of the ETT and the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria are considered the primary causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a severe hospital-acquired infection for significant mortality. Under these circumstances, there has been a need to administrate antibiotics together. Although necessary, it has led to a rapid increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, it becomes necessary to develop alternatives to prevent and combat these bacterial infections. One possibility is to turn the ETT itself into a bactericide. Some examples reported in the literature present drawbacks. To overcome those issues, we have designed a photosensitizer-containing ETT to be used in photodynamic inactivation (PDI) to avoid bacteria biofilm formation and prevent VAP occurrence during tracheal intubation. This work describes ETT’s functionalization with curcumin photosensitizer, as well as its evaluation in PDI against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. A significant photoinactivation (up to 95%) against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was observed when curcumin-functionalized endotracheal (ETT-curc) was used. These remarkable results demonstrate this strategy’s potential to combat hospital-acquired infections and contribute to fighting antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Post-antibiotic era in hemodialysis? Two case reports of simultaneous colonization and bacteremia by multidrug-resistant bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna M. Vanegas ◽  
Lorena Salazar-Ospina ◽  
Gustavo A. Roncancio ◽  
Julián Builes ◽  
Judy Natalia Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACT The emergence of resistance mechanisms not only limits the therapeutic options for common bacterial infections but also worsens the prognosis in patients who have conditions that increase the risk of bacterial infections. Thus, the effectiveness of important medical advances that seek to improve the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases is threatened. We report the simultaneous colonization and bacteremia by multidrug-resistant bacteria in two hemodialysis patients. The first patient was colonized by carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The patient had a bacteremia by MRSA, and molecular typing methods confirmed the colonizing isolate was the same strain that caused infection. The second case is of a patient colonized by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During the follow-up period, the patient presented three episodes of bacteremia, one of these caused by ESBL-producing E. coli. Molecular methods confirmed colonization by the same clone of ESBL-producing E. coli at two time points, but with a different genetic pattern to the strain isolated from the blood culture. Colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria allows not only the spread of these microorganisms, but also increases the subsequent risk of infections with limited treatments options. In addition to infection control measures, it is important to establish policies for the prudent use of antibiotics in dialysis units.

scholarly journals Detection of Quorum-Sensing Molecules for Pathogenic Molecules Using Cell-Based and Cell-Free Biosensors

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Miller ◽  
Jordon Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Acute Infections

Since the discovery and subsequent use of penicillin, antibiotics have been used to treat most bacterial infections in the U.S. Over time, the repeated prescription of many antibiotics has given rise to many antibiotic-resistant microbes. A bacterial strain becomes resistant by horizontal gene transfer, where surviving microbes acquire genetic material or DNA fragments from adjacent bacteria that encode for resistance. In order to avoid significant bacterial resistance, novel and target therapeutics are needed. Further advancement of diagnostic technologies could be used to develop novel treatment strategies. The use of biosensors to detect quorum-sensing signaling molecules has the potential to provide timely diagnostic information toward mitigating the multidrug-resistant bacteria epidemic. Resistance and pathogenesis are controlled by quorum-sensing (QS) circuits. QS systems secrete or passively release signaling molecules when the bacterial concentration reaches a certain threshold. Signaling molecules give an early indication of virulence. Detection of these compounds in vitro or in vivo can be used to identify the onset of infection. Whole-cell and cell-free biosensors have been developed to detect quorum-sensing signaling molecules. This review will give an overview of quorum networks in the most common pathogens found in chronic and acute infections. Additionally, the current state of research surrounding the detection of quorum-sensing molecules will be reviewed. Followed by a discussion of future works toward the advancement of technologies to quantify quorum signaling molecules in chronic and acute infections.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Genetic Characterization and Spread in Lithuania in 2014, 2016, and 2018

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Tatjana Kirtikliene ◽  
Aistė Mierauskaitė ◽  
Ilona Razmienė ◽  
Nomeda Kuisiene
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents plays an important role in the treatment of bacterial infections in healthcare institutions. The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria can occur during inter- and intra-hospital transmissions among patients and hospital personnel. For this reason, more studies must be conducted to understand how resistance occurs in bacteria and how it moves between hospitals by comparing data from different years and looking out for any patterns that might emerge. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. was studied at 14 healthcare institutions in Lithuania during 2014, 2016, and 2018 using samples from human bloodstream infections. In total, 194 isolates were collected and identified using MALDI-TOF and VITEK2 analyzers as Acinetobacter baumannii group bacteria. After that, the isolates were analyzed for the presence of different resistance genes (20 genes were analyzed) and characterized by using the Rep-PCR and MLVA (multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis) genotyping methods. The results of the study showed the relatedness of the different Acinetobacter spp. isolates and a possible circulation of resistance genes or profiles during the different years of the study. This study provides essential information, such as variability and diversity of resistance genes, genetic profiling, and clustering of isolates, to better understand the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter spp. These results can be used to strengthen the control of multidrug-resistant infections in healthcare institutions and to prevent potential outbreaks of this pathogen in the future.

scholarly journals Multiple Mechanisms of the Synthesized Antimicrobial Peptide TS against Gram-Negative Bacteria for High Efficacy Antibacterial Action In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Fan ◽  
Xinglu Jiang ◽  
Mingyuan Zou ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria emphasizes the urgent need for novel antibiotics. The antimicrobial peptide TS shows extensive antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo, especially in gram-negative bacteria; however, its antibacterial mechanism is unclear. Here, we find that TS without hemolytic activity disrupts the integrity of the outer bacterial cell membrane by displacing divalent cations and competitively binding lipopolysaccharides. In addition, the antimicrobial peptide TS can inhibit and kill E. coli by disintegrating the bacteria from within by interacting with bacterial DNA. Thus, antimicrobial peptide TS’s multiple antibacterial mechanisms may not easily induce bacterial resistance, suggesting use as an antibacterial drug to be for combating bacterial infections in the future.

scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. against the most emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergy with antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Magryś ◽  
Alina Olender ◽  
Dorota Tchórzewska
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Study Results

AbstractGarlic has long been known as the most effective plant species in treatment of bacterial infections. Considering the vast potential of garlic as a source of antimicrobial drugs, this study is aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Allium sativum extracts and their interactions with selected antibiotics against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant isolates of emerging bacterial pathogens that are frequently found in healthcare settings. As shown by the in vitro data obtained in this study, the whole Allium sativum extract inhibited the growth of a broad range of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains with bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. Depending on the organism, the susceptibility to fresh garlic extract was comparable to the conventional antibiotic gentamycin. Since the combinations of fresh garlic extract with gentamycin and ciprofloxacin inhibited both the drug sensitive and MDR bacteria, in most cases showing a synergistic or insignificant relationship, the potential use of such combinations may be beneficial, especially in inhibiting drug-resistant pathogens. The study results indicate the possibility of using garlic as e.g. a supplement used during antibiotic therapy, which may increase the effectiveness of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.

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