scholarly journals Enhanced weathering of wollastonite in agricultural soils and mineral-soil-plant interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Khalidy ◽  
Fatima Haque ◽  
Rafael Santos ◽  
Yi Wai Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Plant Interactions

GHG mitigation potential of agricultural management practises on mineral and organic soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saara Lind ◽  
Marja Maljanen ◽  
Merja Myllys ◽  
Mari Räty ◽  
Sanna Kykkänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Effect On Yield

<p>Agricultural soils are a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To study these emissions, we are currently building three research platforms that consist of full eddy covariance instrumentation for determination of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange and fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide. These platforms will be completed with supporting weather, plant and soil data collection. Two of our platforms are sites on organic soils with a thick peat layer (>60 cm) and the third one is on a mineral soil (silt loam). To study the role of the grassland management practises at these sites, we have initiated ORMINURMI-project. Here, we will characterise the effects of ground water table (high vs. low), crop renewal methods (autumn vs. summer) and plant species (tall fescue vs. red glover grass) on greenhouse gas budgets of grass production. Also effect on yield amount and nutrient quality will be determined. In this presentation, we will present the preliminary data collected at these research platforms and our plans for the use of these data in the coming years.</p>

scholarly journals Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in South Savo province

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. MÄNTYLAHTI ◽  
P. LAAKSO
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Target Values

Increasing concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in agricultural soils are becoming a growing problem in industrialized countries. These harmful elements represent the basis of a range of problems in the food chain, and are a potential hazard for animal and human health. It is therefore important to gauge their absolute and relative concentrations in soils that are used for crop production. In this study the arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in 274 mineral soil samples and 38 organogenic soil samples taken from South Savo province in 2000 were determined using the aqua regia extraction technique. The soil samples were collected from 23 farms.The elements analyzed were arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc. The median concentrations in the mineral soils were:As 2.90 mg kg –1, Cd 0.084 mg kg –1, Cr 17.0 mg kg –1, Cu 13.0 mg kg –1, Hg 0.060 mg kg –1, Ni 5.4 mg kg –1, Pb 7.7 mg kg –1, Zn 36.5 mg kg –1. The corresponding values in the organogenic soils were:As 2.80 mg kg –1, Cd 0.265 mg kg –1, Cr 15.0 mg kg –1, Cu 29.0 mg kg –1, Hg 0.200 mg kg –1, Ni 5.9 mg kg –1, Pb 11.0 mg kg –1, Zn 25.5 mg kg –1. The results indicated that cadmium and mercury concentrations in the mineral and organogenic soils differed. Some of the arsenic, cadmium and mercury concentrations exceeded the normative values but did not exceed limit values. Most of the agricultural fields in South Savo province contained only small amounts of arsenic and heavy metals and could be classified as “Clean Soil”. A draft for the target values of arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in “Clean Soil” is presented.;

scholarly journals The role of clay content and mineral surface area for soil organic carbon storage in an arable toposequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen A. Schweizer ◽  
Carsten W. Mueller ◽  
Carmen Höschen ◽  
Pavel Ivanov ◽  
Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Mineral Surface ◽  
Mineral Surface Area ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCorrelations between organic carbon (OC) and fine mineral particles corroborate the important role of the abundance of soil minerals with reactive surfaces to bind and increase the persistence of organic matter (OM). The storage of OM broadly consists of particulate and mineral-associated forms. Correlative studies on the impact of fine mineral soil particles on OM storage mostly combined data from differing sites potentially confounded by other environmental factors. Here, we analyzed OM storage in a soil clay content gradient of 5–37% with similar farm management and mineral composition. Throughout the clay gradient, soils contained 14 mg OC g−1 on average in the bulk soil without showing any systematic increase. Density fractionation revealed that a greater proportion of OC was stored as occluded particulate OM in the high clay soils (18–37% clay). In low clay soils (5–18% clay), the fine mineral-associated fractions had up to two times higher OC contents than high clay soils. Specific surface area measurements revealed that more mineral-associated OM was related to higher OC loading. This suggests that there is a potentially thicker accrual of more OM at the same mineral surface area within fine fractions of the low clay soils. With increasing clay content, OM storage forms contained more particulate OC and mineral-associated OC with a lower surface loading. This implies that fine mineral-associated OC storage in the studied agricultural soils was driven by thicker accrual of OM and decoupled from clay content limitations.

scholarly journals A Single Incident of Soil P Leaching in a Mature Forest Corresponds to 10 Years of Average Leaching

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Mari Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Second Year ◽  
P Leaching

Incidental P losses from non-point sources may contribute to eutrophication and to decreased soil fertility. These incidents have been related to heavy rainfall on freshly fertilized agricultural soils and little is known about such incidents on more natural soils or in forests. The aim of this work is to determine if incidents of high P leaching also occur in spruce forests, and if such incidents are of significance in P cycling. We found a peak in the mineral soil solution showing that single events of high P leaching occur. The orthophosphate concentration in the Bf-horizon of the 80-year old spruce forest peaked in the autumn of the second year of a continuous monitoring. The concentration increased by more than 85 times compared to the highest concentration obtained earlier during the sampling. The amount leached during this 6 months peak is 10 times higher than the average annual leaching. This P leaching might be due to a combination of high P deposition/through-fall and a high anion exchange with dissolved-organic-carbon and Cl-. We suggest that single events of high sub-surface P leaching may contribute to the overall P leaching, and might increase with the global warming as more DOC is expected to be released to the soil solution.

Effects of watershed liming on terrestrial ecosystem processes

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Smallidge ◽  
Anthony R. Brach ◽  
Irene R. Mackun
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Watershed Liming

Watershed liming has been proposed to mitigate lake acidification and depletion of soil base cations. This paper reviews and synthesizes literature describing the effects of liming on natural terrestrial ecosystems, with a specific emphasis on watershed liming studies. Specifically, we look at the purpose of liming, types of lime, physiological role of calcium, lime effects on soil and belowground processes, and plant response to liming with special attention to growth and tissue chemistry, roots, and plant–plant interactions. Liming increases soil pH and either increases or decreases soil nutrient availability. Liming affects litter decomposition, mineral soil processes, root growth, plant nutrient uptake, and plant productivity. Interspecific plant interactions can be affected after liming. Specific soil and biotic responses depend upon the type and amount of lime applied, the period of observation, soil characteristics, and species composition.Key words: watershed liming, CaCO3, calcite, dolomite, calcium, ecosystem response to liming, wetland liming, forest liming, nutrient availability, soil acidity.

A method for measuring above- and below-ground C stocks in hillside landscapes

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Monreal ◽  
J. D. Etchevers ◽  
M. Acosta ◽  
C. Hidalgo ◽  
J. Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Below Ground

Information on C stocks in agriculture and forest ecosystems in hillside landscapes is limited. The objective of this study was to develop and test field methods to measure above- and below-ground C stocks in hillside landscapes. Above-ground biomass in agricultural system was determined by measuring weight of residues left after crop harvest. In degraded secondary forests, tree biomass was estimated using allometric equations developed from in situ measurements. Herbs + bushes and litter dry weight were measured in two 0.25-m2 quadrats located within one 100-m2 treed plots. Carbon stocks were determined after chemical analysis of plant tissue and soil samples by dry combustion. Geo-referenced cores were taken inside a 1-m-diameter soil sampling clock that allows for spatial and temporal monitoring of soil C changes. The clock was marked with 12 divisions to establish the exact location of present and future sampling points. The below-ground fraction of C (mineral soil and fine roots) amounted to nearly 95% of the total C stock in agricultural systems and between 57 and 82% in the case of forest systems. Soil C stocks in hillside agricultural soils were higher than those found in forested soils with 70% of the C stored below-ground residing in the 0–45 cm of soil. The field method detected differences in C stocks in pools associated with various vegetations and soils in hillside ecosystems. Key words: Soil carbon, belowground carbon, sampling clock, hillside agriculture, Mexico

scholarly journals Adsorption-desorption behaviour of clomazone in Regosol and Chernozem agricultural soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-819
Author(s):  
Rada Djurovic-Pejcev ◽  
Svjetlana Radmanovic ◽  
Zorica Tomic ◽  
Lazar Kaludjerovic ◽  
Vojislava Bursic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Water System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Desorption Study ◽  
Desorption Hysteresis ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Studies of adsorption and desorption of pesticides by soils are important for understanding and predicting their fate and transmission in the environment. Considering the agricultural and environmental relevance of clomazone, its sorption?desorption behaviour was studied in two widespread Serbian agricultural soil types named Regosol and Chernozem. Both phenomena are well-described by the Freundlich equation, which shows that clomazone is generally sorbed more to organic matter than to the mineral soil fractions. Chernozem, a soil containing more of both organic matter and clay, was found to bind more, and desorb less herbicide, than Regosol. Higher desorption hysteresis obtained for Chernozem could be attributed to its larger number of high- -energy sorption sites, compared to Regosol. In both soils, the hysteresis effect increases with the rise of initial clomazone concentration in the soil-water system, while the percentage of desorbed amount during successive desorption cycles decreases. The presented adsorption?desorption study shows that soil composition plays an important role in clomazone behaviour and fate in the environment, and a significantly reduced probability of contamination of both the deeper soil layers and groundwater may be expected when this herbicide is found in humus-rich soils

scholarly journals Effects of solid oxygen fertilizers and biochars on nitrous oxide production from agricultural soils in Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanumoy Bera ◽  
Kanika S. Inglett ◽  
Guodong D. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Calcium Peroxide ◽  
Solid Oxygen ◽  
Nitrate N

AbstractElevated levels of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are a matter of concern in agricultural soils especially when flooding (hypoxic conditions) results from over irrigation or frequent rains. This study is the first to report the use of two solid oxygen fertilizers (SOFs, calcium peroxide and magnesium peroxide) to reduce N2O production in mineral and organic soils amended with N fertilizer in a short-term laboratory incubation besides two biochars. In general, organic soil had greater N2O production than mineral soil. Soils amended with nitrogen fertilizer exhibited increased N2O production, by 74 times in mineral soil and 2 times in organic soil. Both solid oxygen fertilizers in mineral soil (98–99%) and calcium peroxide in organic soil (25%) successfully reduced N2O production than corresponding N fertilized treatments. Additionally, a greater level of available nitrate–N (52–57 and 225 mg kg−1 in mineral and organic soil, respectively) was recorded with the solid oxygen fertilizers. Corn residue biochar with N fertilizer increased N2O production in mineral soil but decreased in organic soil, while pine bark biochar with N did not affect the N2O production in either soil. Depending on soil, appropriate SOFs applied were able to reduce N2O production and maintain greater nitrate–N levels in flooded soil. Thus, solid oxygen fertilizers can potentially be used as an effective way to reduce N2O emission from hypoxic soil in agricultural production systems.

Litterfall and soil characteristics in canopy gaps occupied by vine maple in a coastal western hemlock forest

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynslie E. Ogden ◽  
Margaret G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hardwood Tree ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Surface Mineral ◽  
Weak Tendency

In some low-elevation coastal British Columbia forests, canopy gaps can be occupied by the hardwood tree species, vine maple (Acer circinatum). The objective of this study was to determine how vine maple gaps influence litterfall, litter decomposition, and forest floor and mineral soil properties. Measurements were made on six vine maple gaps paired with six conifer canopy plots. Vine maple gaps had significantly less conifer litterfall during the autumn, higher pH, and higher concentrations of Ca, Mg and K in the forest floor, thinner forest floors, and a weak tendency for lower C/N ratios, higher pH values and higher total N concentrations in the surface mineral soil. Vine maple litter was found to decompose significantly faster than conifer litter and to have higher concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe and Zn. Decomposition rates of vine maple litter and of conifer litter did not differ significantly between vine maple gap and conifer canopy plots. Larger vine maple clones had significantly thicker forest floors with higher concentrations of Ca, and higher N concentrations and lower C/N ratios in the surface mineral soil than gaps with smaller vine maple clones. The results indicate that vine maple gaps may improve the nutritional status of the sites that they occupy within conifer forests. Key words: Litterfall, litter decomposition, soil-plant interactions, vine maple, canopy openings, canopy gaps

The influence of understory vine maple on forest floor and mineral soil properties in coastal temperate forests

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Tashe ◽  
M. G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Available P ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Mineralizable N

In coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest, vine maple (Acer circinatum Pursh) is a common understory tree species. We studied the influence of vine maple, growing in the understory of a stand of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (RAF.) Sarg.], on forest floor and mineral soil properties. Fifteen (in a 75-yr-old stand) and 12 (in a 130-yr-old stand) plots containing vine maple were compared to paired plots without the influence of vine maple. Mull humus was dominant under vine maples, while mor humus was mainly found under conifers at the 130 yr-old stand. Common to both stands in the upper mineral soil were greater mineralizable N and total exchangeable bases under vine maple. At the 75-yr-old stand, the forest floor had a higher pH and greater total exchangeable base concentration, while the mineral soil had a lower C:N ratio, greater NO3-availability and lower available P concentration and content under vine maple compared to conifers. The 130-yr-old stand had less available P content and greater concentrations of mineralizable N and exchangeable Mg in the forest floor under vine maple. Results suggest that the presence of vine maple may enhance the availability of N and exchangeable bases, but may adversely affect P availability. Key words: Vine maple, soil-plant interactions, forest floor, Acer circinatum

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