scholarly journals Sensibilité du chômage et caractéristiques de l’offre et de la demande sur le marché du travail

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375
Author(s):  
Patrice de Broucker
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Work World ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In this article, we look at the impact of both supply and demand of labour on the determination of the unemployment rate. The analysis is conducted with annual data by 12 demographic groups over the period 1956-1978. All the data prior to 1976 from the Labour Force Survey were adjusted to the definition of the new Survey. A few differences in the reaction of demographic group unemployment rate are noticeable: (a) in general, male unemployment rates react much more to demand side evolution while female rates are more influenced by movements in the supply of labour; (b) some groups clearly exhibit "discouraged worker" behaviour when facing adverse economic conditions, (namely youths, women aged 25 to 34 and older men); (c) due to a lower sensitivity to economic conditions of many of their jobs, adult women present a fairly stable situation of employment, so their growing unemployment rates are the result of higher competition stemming from an increasing desire to participate in the work world; (d) together these findings have some implications for government policies; more specifically, they emphasize the limitations of demand policy and point to the need for selective measures and a diversification of job opportunities for women.

scholarly journals Unemployment and COVID-19 Impact in Greece: A Vector Autoregression (VAR) Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Christos Katris
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the scope is to study whether and how the COVID-19 situation affected the unemployment rate in Greece. To achieve this, a vector autoregression (VAR) model is employed and data analysis is carried out. Another interesting question is whether the situation affected more heavily female and the youth unemployment (under 25 years old) compared to the overall unemployment. To predict the future impact of COVID-19 on these variables, we used the Impulse Response function. Furthermore, there is taking place a comparison of the impact of the pandemic with the other European countries for overall, female, and youth unemployment rates. Finally, the forecasting ability of such a model is compared with ARIMA and ANN univariate models.

scholarly journals The Unemployment Puzzle of Corporate Taxation

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Corporate Taxation ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Corporate Taxes ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Growth Effects ◽  
The Impact

Using annual data on nineteen industrial countries for the period 1979–2005 and a large number of controls, this article is the first to empirically study the impact of corporate taxes on the unemployment rate. In contrast to previous empirical research on the labor demand, investment and growth effects of corporate taxation, which consistently finds adverse effects, the regression results suggest that higher corporate taxes may have a favorable impact, lowering the unemployment rate. The magnitude of the estimated effect is substantial. The results of this study are robust to both endogeneity and numerous variations in specification.

The Impact of Higher Unemployment on Areas Within Sydney

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Vipond
Keyword(s):  
Married Women ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
The West ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Imperfect Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Discouraged Workers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adult Unemployment

This paper describes the distribution of registered unemployment in Com monwealth Employment Service Offices within Sydney in the years 1971-79. In 1979 adult unemployment was concentrated in the centre of the urban area and teenage unemployment in the west. The greatly increased level of un employment since 1975 had not made major changes in this spatial pattern except in the case of adult female unemployment which in the early 1970s was concentrated in the western suburbs, but in the late '70s was highest in inner Sydney. The probable reason for this change is that when unemployment rates rose married women became discouraged workers and/or did not register as unemployed. As a result cyclical changes in the locations of concentrations of unemployed women may reflect imperfect data collection rather than economic causes. Real unemployment of adult women is probably still con centrated in suburban areas as is teenage unemployment while adult male unemployment is mainly a problem in the core of Sydney.

The Nonutilisation of Human Capital in Regional Labour Markets across Europe

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Elhorst
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Regional Labour Markets

In this paper the author investigates the extent to which regional Europe exceeds its minimum level of nonemployment by estimating a stochastic frontier model. This surplus is called the ‘inefficiency of regional labour markets’—the degree to which potential labour-force resources among the nonparticipants could be further mobilised given the actual unemployment rate. Starting with 130 regions across eight member states of the European Union, two nonemployment frontier models are estimated, one for men and one for women, with annual data derived from Eurostat, 1983–89. It turns out that, on average, 1.9% of the male and 4.8% of the female working-age population could be further mobilised, and that, consequently, the actual unemployment rate is underestimated by 2.8% overall. In addition, a test has been performed as to whether the inefficiency estimates are related to participation, employment, or unemployment figures. It appears that unemployment figures in particular are extremely bad predictors.

Political economy of central-bank mandates in developing countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Zhandos Ybrayev
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Inflation Volatility ◽  
Unemployment Volatility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fiscal And Monetary Policy

In this paper, I explain theoretically the coordination and conflict scheme of fiscal and monetary policy workings, and then empirically assess the effect of both inflation-targeting and non-inflation-only targeting policies on inflation and unemployment rates. I employ a difference-in-difference method to estimate the impact on inflation, the unemployment rate, and their volatilities in both 10 inflation-targeting (single-mandate) and 11 non-inflation-targeting (multiple-mandate) countries specifically from the sample of developing economies over the period from 1998 to 2018. Our key findings show that while the inflation-targeting countries effectively present a reduction in inflation and inflation volatility, the effects on the unemployment rate are negligible, while unemployment volatility is higher in the period 1998–2008. Finally, the paper argues that the unemployment rate should be used as a natural second target in a typical emerging-market economy case.

scholarly journals Credit Supply and Monetary Policy: Identifying the Bank Balance-Sheet Channel with Loan Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 2301-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Jiménez ◽  
Steven Ongena ◽  
José-Luis Peydró ◽  
Jesús Saurina
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Balance Sheet Channel ◽  
Loan Demand ◽  
Loan Supply ◽  
Credit Restriction ◽  
The Impact

We analyze the impact of monetary policy on the supply of bank credit. Monetary policy affects both loan supply and demand, thus making identification a steep challenge. We therefore analyze a novel, supervisory dataset with loan applications from Spain. Accounting for time-varying firm heterogeneity in loan demand, we find that tighter monetary and worse economic conditions substantially reduce loan granting, especially from banks with lower capital or liquidity ratios; responding to applications for the same loan, weak banks are less likely to grant the loan. Finally, firms cannot offset the resultant credit restriction by applying to other banks. (JEL E32, E44, E52, G21, G32)

scholarly journals Estimates of the Effects of Emigration on the Labour Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Gindra Kasnauskienė ◽  
Tomas Šiaudvytis
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
The Impact

Migration flows have increased since the EU enlargement in 2004. In many European countries, they are sufficiently large to have significant economic effects. These effects are among the most popular topics in public debate. In this paper, the authors attempt to quantify the effects of emigration on wages, welfare and in­come redistribution in the selected new EU member states. Emigration reduces labour supply and in­creases national wage generating income redistribu­tion from the owners of capital to the labour force. Emigration also results in welfare loss as emigrants no longer produce output in their home country. The au­thors of the article adopt a simple theoretical model of the labour market which allows quantifying these effects through the use of basic economic and demo­graphic statistics. The research on the effects of emigration on wages uses a simple supply and demand framework, where labour demand is derived from a marginal pro­ductivity condition using the Cobb–Douglas produc­tion function. The authors also assume perfectly ine­lastic labour supply, in case of which the effect of emigration on wages is entirely determined by labour demand. Wage elasticity estimation uses the fact that the capital share parameter in the Cobb–Douglas function also measures labour demand elasticity. This property of the production function allows the au­thors to estimate the elasticity using national ac­counts data. The estimates of labour demand (wage) elas­ticity for Lithuania range from 0.44 to 0.55, implying that due to emigration wages might have increased from 0.75 to 0.94 per cent a year, on average. In the period of 2001–2008, emigration might have resulted in a wage increase of 5.9 to 7.3 per cent. However, these estimates require caution as the beginning of the period was characterised by high unemployment. Emigration loss amounts to 0.4 per cent of GDP, and 2.8 per cent of GDP is redistributed to labour every year. Due to the poor quality of migration data, the impact of emigration on wages, welfare and income redistribution in other countries is most likely signifi­cantly underestimated. The assumption that the share of declared emigration is similar across countries would imply that those affected by emigration the most are Slovenia, Czech Republic and Estonia.

scholarly journals Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-176
Author(s):  
Anne Solaz ◽  
Marika Jalovaara ◽  
Michaela Kreyenfeld ◽  
Silvia Meggiolaro ◽  
Dimitri Mortelmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Union Dissolution ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Union Instability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced high union dissolution risk as well as high unemployment rates. The extent to which adverse economic conditions are associated with union instability is still unknown. This study explores the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk in five European countries before the recent economic crisis. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, the empirical analysis, based on discrete-time event history models, shows that male unemployment consistently increases the risk of union dissolution. While a strong association is observed between male unemployment and separation at the micro level, no association is found between male unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level. The results for female unemployment are mixed, and the size of the impact of female unemployment is smaller in magnitude than that of male unemployment. In Germany and Italy, where until very recently work is less compatible with family life than in other countries, female unemployment is not significantly associated with union dissolution.

Tanneries and Treescapes: the Influence of the Tanning Industry on Woodland Management

2018 ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Christine Handley ◽  
Ian D. Rotherham
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tanning Industry

The relationship between supply and demand for wood, timber and bark in different markets, geographical areas, and times is complex, but there are common themes. These relationships have influenced the form, structure and management of woodlands; and their legacies can be seen today. Using examples from the UK and the USA, these common themes are considered and some complexities arising from responses to local economic conditions highlighted. Bark is sometimes described as a waste by-product of other wood and timber industries. However, it is clear that with the high economic value of the tanning industry as a whole, and the central role of leather goods in society for centuries, the impact on woodlands to ensure a ready supply of tree-bark for tanning varied but could be immense.

Unemployment in Selected EU Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
Biruta Skrętowicz ◽  
Michał Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High ◽  
Of Greece

The aim of this paper is to compare the dynamic of unemployment in the years 2000-2014 in selected EU countries. The subject of the present analysis is unemployment in total population and in subpopulations identified on the basis of gender, age, and education. The notion of unemployment rate was used throughout, and its values were taken from the Internet database Eurostat. The analysis conducted makes it possible to draw the following conclusions. The differentiation of total unemployment rate among the selected EU countries was very high, and the shape of the curves reflected the impact of economic crisis. Around 2010 many countries saw stabilising tendencies (with the exception of Greece and the countries located in the Iberian Peninsula). In the countries with low unemployment rates the surplus of female unemployment is giving way to a gender balance, or even a slight surplus of male unemployment. Among the selected age categories, the youngest group was and continues to be most heavily affected by the situation on the labour market. A high level of education is still correlated with a lower risk of unemployment; nevertheless the growing differences between the countries constitute a troubling trend.

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