scholarly journals Interdependance, linkage et système international : de l'analyse conceptuelle aux problèmes de politique étrangère

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-352
Author(s):  
Irnerio Seminatore
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Political Context ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The North ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

The emergence and evolution of the literature dealing with interdependence in the international System is looked into. An attempt is made to show its significance and main points as well as its implications. The debates on interdependence within the North-American political context are regarded as solutions to the preceding issues on dependence. Interesting passages are dedicated to the impact of the interdependence theory on the interpretation of the international system, as illustrated by two schools of thought in foreign policy (Kissinger-Brzezinski). Linkage of the tactical and strategic aspects to the economic and political interrelation of international relations, as put forward by policy makers, has brought to the fore the difficulties and limits of negotiation in the face of competition and in the aftermath of confrontation. This paper offers subtle, yet positive, conclusions on the use of the interdependance theory in international policy.

Paradiplomatie identitaire et diplomatie en Belgique fédérale: le cas de la Flandre

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Paquin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Central Government ◽  
International System ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Single Voice ◽  
The One ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Impact

Federal states like Belgium operate under conflicting pressures in the conduct of their international relations: centralizing pressures, on the one hand, imposed by the necessity of speaking with a single voice in order to forge a coherent international policy and decentralizing pressures, on the other, because globalization stimulates a qualitative and quantitative extension of the internal and international roles of substate players, mainly through the international deployment of substate paradiplomacy. This centralization of external affairs and the centrifugal forces introduced by globalization cause problems in this type of system, in which substate entities have numerous fields of jurisdiction. This new phenomenon is not without its risks because it leads to disorder and conflict. In many countries, the development of paradiplomacy by the substate actors creates conflict with the central government. The impression is created that the federal and the substate authorities are condemned to fight a zero-sum struggle for access to the international system, the former seeking to prevent the latter from playing a role in the development of foreign policy and to limit all international action by them. The case of Belgium is of particular interest since its substate entities are the most dynamic regions in the world in international relations. The objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of the Flemish identity paradiplomacy on the foreign policy of the federal state.

Peculiarities and main directions of neorealism in international relations theory

2017 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Halyna Ivasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Security ◽  
International System ◽  
National Interest ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Systematic Explanation

As it is known, nowadays neorealism is one of the most influential trends in international relations’ theory, which proposes a systematic explanation of the development of international relations and pragmatic understanding of national and international security. Using achievements of neorealistic school, it is possible to create relevant foreign policy and security strategy for the Ukrainian state, which makes the research in this area particularly topical. Keywords: International relations, international relations theory, international system, neorealism, structure of international policy, the evolution of international relations, national interest, power

scholarly journals Systemic pressures and domestic ideas: a neoclassical realist model of grand strategy formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS KITCHEN
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
International System ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Strategy Formation ◽  
Realist Approach ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Realist Model

AbstractScholars in international relations have long known that ideas matter in matters of international politics, yet theories of the discipline have failed to capture their impact either in the making of foreign policy or the nature of the international system. Recent reengagement with the insights of classical realists has pointed to the possibility of a neoclassical realist approach that can take into account the impact of ideas. This article will suggest that the study of grand strategy can enlighten the intervening ideational variables between the distribution of power in the international system and the foreign policy behaviour of states, and thus constitute the key element in a neoclassical realist research agenda.

scholarly journals A política externa do México durante o Estado neoliberal (1982-2012)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Diogo Ives
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Central America ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
Economic Dependency ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

O artigo analisa a política externa mexicana no período de 30 anos entre as presidências de Miguel de La Madrid (1982-88) e Felipe Calderón (2006-12) tendo como base teórica os paradigmas de Estado de Amado Cervo. O objetivo é avaliar os impactos que o surgimento do Estado neoliberal a partir do governo de La Madrid teve sobre o comportamento do país no sistema internacional. Observa-se que o aprofundamento do programa neoliberal nas décadas seguintes levou a uma aproximação crescente com os Estados Unidos, devido à dependência econômica, bem como com a América Central, devido a preocupações securitárias. No entanto, gerou um afastamento em relação à América do Sul. Diante da crise econômica de 2009, o governo de Calderón buscou ampliar a presença no espaço sul-americano, a fim de contrabalancear a vulnerabilidade sentida em relação aos Estados Unidos, por meio de iniciativas como a CELAC e a Aliança do Pacífico. Palavras-chave: Política Externa do México; Paradigmas de Estado.     Abstract: This paper analyzes the Mexican foreign policy in the 30-year period between the presidencies of Miguel de La Madrid (1982-88) and Felipe Calderón (2006-12) according to the theory of State paradigms by Amado Cervo. The objective is to evaluate the impact that the emergence of the neoliberal State during La Madrid’s government had over the country's behavior in the international system. It concludes that the deepening of the neoliberal program in the following decades led to a growing rapprochement with the United States, due to economic dependency, as well as with Central America, due to security concerns. However, it generated a detachment from South America. In the face of the economic crisis of 2009, the Calderon government sought to expand its presence in the South American space through initiatives such as CELAC and the Pacific Alliance in order to offset the vulnerability felt toward the United States. Keywords: Mexican Foreign Policy; State Paradigms.     Recebido em: agosto/2016; Aprovado em: março/2017.

Historical Contingencies in the Evolution of States and Their Militaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-161
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bendor ◽  
Jacob N. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
International System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Selection Environment ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Chance Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So

AbstractHistorians and some scholars of international relations have long argued that historical contingencies play a critical role in the evolution of the international system, but have not explained whether they do so to a greater extent than in other domains or why such differences may exist. The authors address these lacunae by identifying stable differences between war and other policy domains that render the evolution of the international system more subject to chance events than those other domains. The selection environment of international politics has produced tightly integrated organizations (militaries) as the domain’s key players to a much greater degree than other policy domains. Because there are few players, no law of large numbers holds, and because militaries are tightly integrated, microshocks can reverberate up to macro-organizational levels. The anarchic character of the international system amplifies the impact of these shocks. The authors explore these phenomena in a range of historical examples.

scholarly journals CLIMATE CHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS TOWARDS GREENER ENVIRONMENT IN THE WORLD

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Mayuri Pandya ◽  
Binod Das
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Green House ◽  
The North ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Stockholm Conference ◽  
North And South

Climate change is a multi-dimensional global problem. Its causes and impacts are distributed and felt across the International system, surpassing the traditional boundaries and jurisdictions of the states. The complex politics of climate change results from the global economy's interdependence on green house gas emissions. This paper attempts to explore the politics of climate change between developed and developing countries, International relations practice and environment issues in various International conferences. The historical perspective of climate change issues eliberated since Stockholm conference to the latest Paris conference is analysed. Adaptation, mitigation, finance, technology all these issues are highlighted in the paper. The paper has viewed that the International policy on environment is being shaped by inequality of bargaining power between the North and South. The developing countries under the leadership of India have taken firm position against the developed nations on the issue of green house gas emission, funding and technology, the paper has argued. Towards the end, this paper has focused on possible measures to address the problems of climate change through foreign policy initiatives, trade and investment, adaptation and mitigation.

scholarly journals THE GENESIS OF THE US FOREIGN POLICY: THE ORIGIN OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE TOPIC, 1610–1820S

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
D. V. Dorofeev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
North American ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

The research is devoted to the study of the origin of the historiography of the topic of the genesis of the US foreign policy. The key thesis of the work challenges the established position in the scientific literature about the fundamental role of the work of T. Lyman, Jr. «The diplomacy of the United States: being an account of the foreign relations of the country, from the first treaty with France, in 1778, to the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, with Great Britain», published in 1826. The article puts forward an alternative hypothesis: the emergence of the historiography of the genesis of the foreign policy of the United States occurred before the beginning of the second quarter of the XIX century – during the colonial period and the first fifty years of the North American state. A study of the works of thirty-five authors who worked during the 1610s and 1820s showed that amater historians expressed a common opinion about North America’s belonging to the Eurocentric system of international relations; they were sure that both the colonists and the founding fathers perceived international processes on the basis of raison d’être. The conceptualization of the intellectual heritage of non-professional historians allowed us to distinguish three interpretations of the origin of the United States foreign policy: «Autochthonous» – focused on purely North American reasons; «Atlantic» – postulated the borrowing of European practice of international relations by means of the system of relations that developed in the Atlantic in the XVII–XVIII centuries; «Imperial» – stated the adaptation of the British experience. The obtained data refute the provisions of scientific thought of the XX–XXI centuries and create new guidelines for further study of the topic.

scholarly journals The Role of the UN Security Council in COVID-19 Crisis Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Svetlana Cebotari ◽  
Selena Stejaru
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Currently, we experience a conditional reality imposed by the COVID19 pandemic, with both immediate and long-lasting repercussions on the international system and the behavior of each state. For this reason and because the new virus has a dynamic evolution in time and space, research of the impact of the new virus is needed not only from a biogenetic perspective but also in the context of other fields, including the international relations realm. The events we are witnessing at the present challenge to keep up with transformations taking place in the international arena, especially those in the field of virology. As epidemics over time, viruses that cause them to change and occur constantly remain only the fact that they will always influence not only interpersonal relations but impose conditions for new realities in the system of international relations. This article aims to highlight the main gaps in the work of the institution responsible for maintaining peace and security in the international arena, especially in the context of the COVID-19 crisis.

The Impact of the German Question on Polish Attitudes toward CSCE, 1964–1975

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Wanda Jarząbek
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German Question ◽  
The Impact ◽  
East West

In Polish political thought and foreign policy during the four-plus decades of Communist rule in Poland, the German question played a central role. Many aspects of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) were connected with the German question, but it would be a simplification to construe the Polish regime's interest in the conference only in the context of the German problem. Polish leaders saw CSCE also as a chance for introducing changes in East-West relations and for extending Poland's leeway for maneuver in international relations. This article shows how Polish Communist leaders thought about these issues and traces the diplomatic activity aimed at promoting the Polish point of view and securing the country's (and regime’s) priorities.

Are Western-Educated Leaders Less Prone to Initiate Militarized Disputes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Militarized Disputes ◽  
Leader Selection

Recent theories on the causes of war focus on how institutional and structural factors shape leaders’ decisions in foreign policy. However, citizens, policy-makers, and a growing number scholars argue that leaders’ background experiences may matter for both domestic and foreign policy choices. This article contributes to an emerging body of scholarship on leaders in international relations by showing how personal attributes influence the initiation of militarized disputes. Based on the soft power theory of international experiences and the impressionable-years hypothesis of socialization, I theorize that leaders with the experience of attending a university in a Western democratic country should be less likely than non-Western-educated leaders to initiate militarized interstate disputes. I test this proposition by employing a new dataset, building on Archigos and LEAD, that includes background attributes of more than 900 leaders from 147 non-Western countries between 1947 and 2001. The results strongly support the hypothesis, even when accounting for leader selection, time-variant country and leader-level controls, other leaders’ background characteristics, and country and year fixed effects. This finding lends credence to the soft power thesis of academic institutions on international sojourners, and highlights the value of considering leaders’ experiences in analyses about international relations.

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