Understanding High Crime Rates in Latin America

2013 ◽  
pp. 19-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo R. Soares ◽  
Joana Naritomi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
High Crime

Does context matter? Examining robbery reporting in a high crime country

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110313
Author(s):  
Wilson Hernández ◽  
Katrina R Heimark
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
The World ◽  
Victimization Rate ◽  
Global North ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Crime

Most empirical studies that examine why individuals report property crimes to the police have focused on Global North countries where crime rates are low. This study is situated in the most violent area of the world, Latin America, and examines Peru, which has the highest robbery victimization rate in the Americas. This article examines the applicability of theories of crime reporting in this Global South context using a large sample and multilevel modeling. We find that trust in the police has no impact on the reporting of the robbery of one’s cellphone, purse or wallet. The theories of rational choice and Black’s stratification of law provide strong explanations for the reporting of robbery of these personal items. Individuals of higher social status and those who reside in districts with low levels of social disadvantage are more likely to report, as well as those who have experienced violent victimization.

scholarly journals A call for comparative thinking: Crime, citizenship and security in the global South

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Barolsky ◽  
Suren Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
The World ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
The Impact

This article argues for the importance of an international comparative perspective in terms of our analysis and response to violent crime. This is particularly important in the light of the fact that while an increasing number of countries in the global Southhave achieved formal democracy, they continue to be plagued by high levels of violent crime. In fact, transitions from authoritarian to democratic governance around the world, from Eastern Europe to Latin America and Africa, have been accompanied by escalating violent crime rates. In this context, we have much to learn from an international comparative approach in terms of understanding why democratic transitions are so often accompanied by increases in violence, what the impact of this violence is on the ability of these societies to deepen democracy, and what the most appropriate interventions are in relatively new and often resource poor democracies.

Crime and Architectural Style

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY S. BYNUM ◽  
DAN M. PURRI
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Reported Crime ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Official Crime

Historically, social scientists have argued that human behavior is, to a large degree, a response to environmental conditions. Recently, a group of criminologists have posited a direct relationship between certain environmental structures and reported crime rates. Studies exploring this area have pointed to the association between crme rates and highrise residences as support for their position. However, several serious weaknesses exist in this previous research. High-rise structures are generally either in high crime areas or are luxury apartments with guarded entrances. In addition, such research is generally based on official crime data. The present study investigates, through victimization techniques, the experiences of residents of several high- and low-rise structures in a traditionally low crime area: the college campus. In addition, measures of the respondent's sense of community were employed to address the self-policing hypothesis of the environmental design approach. Although causality cannot be inferred from the findings, a positive association was observed between high-rise areas and property crime rates. Furthermore, both of these variables were negatively associated with the respondents' sense of community.

The Country'S Crime Rate Moderates the Relation between Authoritarian Predispositions and the Manifestations of Authoritarianism: A Multilevel, Multinational Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Roccato ◽  
Alessio Vieno ◽  
Silvia Russo
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rate ◽  
European Association ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Racial Intolerance

We performed a multilevel, multinational test of Stenner's model on authoritarianism using the 2008 European Values Survey dataset (N = 55 199, nested in 38 nations). We focussed on the effects exerted on four authoritarian manifestations (racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance) by the cross–level interaction between participants’ authoritarian predispositions (assessed in terms of childrearing values) and their country's crime rate. Associations between authoritarian predispositions and racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance were significantly stronger among participants living in countries characterised by high crime rates than those among participants living in countries with low crime rates. Limitations, implications, and future directions of this study are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology.

Inequality is set to rise in coming years in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
High Crime

Subject Drivers of income inequality. Significance Brazil is one of the most unequal societies in the world, with the wealthiest 0.1% of the population holding a larger share of income than the poorest 50.0%, While extreme poverty was significantly reduced earlier this century, structural inequality has persisted -- and is once again on the rise. Impacts Worsening inequality may boost high crime rates, in turn increasing voter support for far-right candidates. The need to cut spending may increase unemployment and reverse successes in reducing poverty. Limits on public investment will militate against higher private investment and competitivity gains.

scholarly journals HIP-HOP AS A DISCURSIVE SPACE OF THE SUBCULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
Ya.M. Yanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
Rap Music ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Discursive Space ◽  
Hip Hop Culture ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
High Crime ◽  
High Level

The goal of the article is detection and description of the main linguistic peculiarities of the discourse of hip-hop subculture. The lack of research devoted to hip-hop language and high popularity of rap music give grounds to consider this problem relevant to solve. The article examines the factors of the formation of the subculture and their impact on the linguistic representation of the mental world of the hip-hop culture representatives. It is concluded that there is a direct connection between conditions and lifestyle (economic instability, high crime rates, racial decimations) of hip-hop representatives and the use of language. The article confirms the importance of the category of participants in the discourse, which leads to a high level of axiology and subjectivity of hip-hop discourse. The presence of intertextuality, which is manifested both in the structure of the text of rap songs and in their content, is explained. The article describes the specific character of creolization of songs of this genre, which assumes its materialization at two levels: visual (video clips) and melodic (tempo, rhythm of music).

scholarly journals Qualitative research as theater: fieldwork in a South African township through the prism of Goffman’s dramaturgical metaphor

Afrika Focus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Caroline Masquillier
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
South African ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Real Self ◽  
South African Township ◽  
Insight Into

This autoethnographic paper reflects on the qualitative fieldwork I conducted in a township on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa. By exploring how a metaphor can assist in autoethnographic reflection, I aim to gain insight into how data can best be collected in deprived informal settlements characterized by high crime rates. This autoethnographic paper draws on the autobiographical materials of the researcher as primary data. This self-reflexive route, which relied on Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical metaphor, helped me to process my various fieldwork experiences in a more systematic manner. Attempting to reconcile my ‘work’ role – a professional, reliable and confidential advisor – with my ‘non-work’ role – my supposed real self – involved emotion management and the tools of the stage outlined by Goffman in order that the fieldwork could be conducted in an atmosphere of trust while maintaining a professional distance.

scholarly journals Birthdays, Schooling, and Crime: Regression-Discontinuity Analysis of School Performance, Delinquency, Dropout, and Crime Initiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Cook ◽  
Songman Kang
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
Late Entry ◽  
High Crime

Dropouts have high crime rates, but is there a direct causal link? This study, utilizing administrative data for six cohorts of public school children in North Carolina, demonstrates that those born just after the cut date for enrolling in public kindergarten are more likely to drop out of high school before graduation and to commit a felony offense by age 19. We present suggestive evidence that dropout mediates criminal involvement. Paradoxically, these late-entry students outperform their grade peers academically while still in school, which helps account for the fact that they are less likely to become juvenile delinquents. (JEL H75, I21, J13, J24, K42)

scholarly journals The fiscal system and objectives of GEAR in South Africa: Consistent or conflicting?

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-462
Author(s):  
D. Mahadea
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South African ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
High Crime

This paper critically examines the attainability of the targets set out in the South African Growth, Employment and Redistribution strategy (GEAR). The GEAR document envisaged an economic growth rate of 4.2% per annum, on average, with a rapid expansion of employment over the five-year period ending in 2000. However, actual performance thus far falls short of GEAR projections, except for definite progress towards a reduction of the budget deficit. The current macroeconomic conditions, an over-regulated labour market, prohibitive taxation, low savings and high crime rates make it difficult to stimulate entrepreneurship and attract sufficient investment, especially of a labour absorbing nature, to meet the GEAR projections. The GEAR targets evidently need to be scaled down.

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