Morphological Responses of a Light-Demanding Alstonia scholaris and a Shade-Tolerant Eusideroxylon zwageri to the Air Humidity and Light Intensity

The response of tropical trees to the change of light intensity has been reported to be varied among different species. Some reports argued that the growth was increasing parallel to the increasing of light intensity, but other reports mentioned that the sensitivity to the light intensity was depending on the species. Another environmental factor that has been scientifically proven to affect tree growth is humidity. While humidity itself also directly affected by the light intensity in the forest ecosystems. Therefore, it is possible that the growth pattern of trees under different light intensities is also affected by air humidity under the canopy. This research aimed to study the growth response of a light-demanding Alstonia scholaris and a shade-tolerant Eusideroxylon zwageri to the different levels of air humidity and light intensity. The experiment was conducted in Jambi, Indonesia from April to November 2019. The experiment was carried out using split plot design with factorial treatments. The main plot was the air humidity with three levels and the sub plots was light intensity with five levels. Four replicates were applied. In general, the A. scholaris tends to be more sensitive to the humidity and light intensity compared to E. zwageri. In particular, A. scholaris tends to be more sensitive to the light intensity while, E, zwageri is more sensitive to the humidity. However, there is also strong indication that the effects of light intensity to the growth, especially for A. scholaris, was affected by the humidity level.

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Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Lime and Different Levels of Sulphur

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management ◽

10.23910/1.2020.2162a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 585-589

Author(s):

Imnatemjen Aier ◽

◽

D. Nongmaithem ◽

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Main Plot ◽

Different Levels ◽

Kernel Yield ◽

Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted in the Experimental Research Farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University during the kharif season 2018. Groundnut variety ICGS-76 was sown @ 70 kg ha-1 for 60×20 cm2 spacing. The experiment was laid in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments consisted of two lime levels: lime @ 0 t ha-1 and lime @ 3 t ha-1 while the sub- plot treatments consisted of five sulphur levels: sulphur @ (0 kg ha-1, 10 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1 along with recommended dose of fertilizer at 20:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 respectively in the form of diammonium phosphate and murate of potash. The results showed that application of lime @ 3 t ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to no lime and also application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to lower doses of sulphur though there was only slight increase in the attributes between each successive doses of sulphur. Overall application of lime and sulphur increased all the yield attributes of groundnut, where the highest number of pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 100 kernels weight, pod yield, kernel yield and stover yield were recorded when treatment was done with lime @ 3 t ha1 and sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1.

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Growth Response and Yield of Three Shallot Varieties on The Various Mixed of UREA + ZA in Ultisol Soil

TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL ◽

10.20527/twj.v7i2.95 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

Lily Marlina ◽

Joko Purnomo ◽

Hilda Susanti

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Growth Response ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Four Levels ◽

Plot Design

This study aimed to: (1) identify the interaction effect between varieties and mixed doses of urea + ZA on the growth and yield of shallots in Ultisol soil; (2) to identify the effect of each shallot varieties and the dosage mixture of urea + ZA which produce the highest yield in Ultisol soils. The research was conducted from April to June 2019 in Tungkaran Village, Martapura, with a split plot design. The main plot was shallot varieties (V) with three levels, namely Biru Lancor (v1), Bima Brebes (v2), and Super Philip (v3). Subplots were a mixture of urea + ZA (P) with four levels, namely 0 kg urea + 600 kg ZA (p1), 100 kg urea + ZA 400 kg (p2), 200 kg urea + 200 kg ZA (p3), and 300 urea kg + ZA 0 kg (p4). Each experiment was repeated three times. Therefore, there were 36 experimental units. Observation parameters included plant height, number of leaves per clump, number of bulbs per clump, fresh bulbs' weight per clump, and yield of stored dry bulbs. The results showed that the Bima Brebes variety (v2) had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of bulbs per clump, the weight of fresh bulbs per clump, and yield of stored dry bulbs. The mixture of 200 kg urea + 200 g ZA (p3) significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump, the weight of fresh tubers per clump, and yield of stored dry tubers.

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POLA SERAPAN HARA DAN PERTUMBUHAN BEBERAPA VARIETAS KEDELAI DENGAN BUDIDAYA JENUH AIR DI LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT

Jurnal Agroqua Media Informasi Agronomi dan Budidaya Perairan ◽

10.32663/ja.v9i1.40 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Danner Sagala ◽

Munif Ghulamahdi ◽

Maya Melati

Keyword(s):

Water Depth ◽

Growth Response ◽

Pyrite Oxidation ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Saturated Soil ◽

Soil Culture ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Main Plot ◽

Tidal Swamps ◽

Plot Design

Saturated soil culture (SSC) technology appropriate to prevent pyrite oxidation on tidal swamps and has been proved to increase the productivity of soybean on non-tidal swamp. The objective of the research was to determine the growth response of soybean varieties under saturated soil culture on tidal swamps. The research was conducted at Banyu Urip, Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin District, and South Sumatera Province, Indonesia from April to August 2009. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main-plot of the experiment was water depth in the furrow consisted of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm under soil surface (USS). The subplot of the experiments was soybean varieties consisted of Tanggamus, Slamet, Wilis, and Anjasmoro. No-watering was arranged out of the design as a comparison. The result showed that nutrient absorption of N, K and Mn by Tanggamus was higher than those of other varieties, except K, however K absorption of Tanggamus was not significantly different from Anjasmoro. P and Fe absorption of Tangamus tended to be higher than the other varieties, although statistically they were not affected by variety. However, technically and economically, 20 cm USS was the most appropriate water depth for soybean production at tidal swamps.

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Aplikasi Amelioran Tanah dan MycoSilvi pada Falcataria sp. dan Ochroma bicolor Rowlee. untuk Reklamasi Lahan Pascatambang Pasir Silika

Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.18343/jipi.25.3.334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 334-341

Author(s):

Khoryfatul Munawaroh ◽

Sri Wilarso Budi ◽

Prijanto Pamoengkas

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Growth Response ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Main Plot ◽

Soil Ameliorant ◽

Plot Design

Open pit mining of silica sand causes some soil degradations and environmental impacts, such as lowering soil pH, lowering soil fertility, soil compaction, and toxicity of micronutrients such as Al, Fe, and Zn. The aim of this study was to analyze the soil properties of land post mining of silica sand and to analyze the growth response of Falcataria sp. and Ochroma bicolor by combination of soil ameliorant and MycoSilvi. The experimental design was split plot design of two treatment factors, MycoSilvi and soil ameliorant. The main plot is MycoSilvi that consist of two levels (MycoSilvi and without MycoSilvi). The subplot is soil ameliorant that consisted of six levels (compost 0 g, lime 0 g; compost 0 g, lime 1.56 g; compost 0 g, lime 3.12; compost 9 g, lime 0 g; compost 9 g, lime 1.56 g; compost 9 g, lime 3.12 g). The results showed that the soil ameliorant (lime 3.12 g and compost 9 g) and MycoSilvi was the best treatment to increase height, diameter, biomass, and mycorrhizal colonization of Falcataria sp. and O. bicolor. Keywords: MycoSilvi, reclamation, soil ameliorant

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Growth response of Shorea assamica Dyer seedlings to shading leveland growth inhibitor treatments

Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea ◽

10.18330/jwallacea.2017.vol6iss1pp21-29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Arif Irawan ◽

Darwo Darwo

Keyword(s):

Growth Response ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Recalcitrant Seed ◽

Planting Material ◽

Main Plot ◽

Storage Technique ◽

Plot Design

Shorea assamica Dyer is one of the forest trees with recalcitrant seed type, It can not be stored for long periods. Storage technique of planting material in the form of seedlings is one solution that can be done to overcome the problems of the seeds with a short shelf life. The aim of the research is to determine the growth response of S. assamica seedlings toshading andgrowth inhibitor treatments. Research design was approached by split plot design. The main plot was shade and sub-plot was a growth inhibitor. The storage conditions consisted of (1) light (38,600-47,200 lux), (2) medium (19,342-35,300 lux) and (3) heavy shading (62-2,106 lux). The inhibitors used were (1) paclobutrazol 250 ppm, (2) NaCl 0.5% and (3) aquadest (as a control). The results showed that the combined treatment of paclubutrazol 250 ppm with heavy shade was able to suppress the growth of height, dry weight of root and seedling quality index of S. assamica at the age of 6 months optimally in nursery.

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Cytokinin for Growth and Productivity of Polyploid Chrysanthemum on Third Generation

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 748 (1) ◽

pp. 012031

Author(s):

Ai Komariah ◽

Elly Roosma Ria ◽

Endah Islamiyati ◽

Noertjahyani ◽

Nunung Sondari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Third Generation ◽

Great Demand ◽

The Third ◽

Best Response ◽

Main Plot ◽

Different Levels ◽

Plot Design

Abstract Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemump) is a one of the most popular cutting flower commodities in Indonesia. The beauty of colors and variations in the shape of flowers and the low level of withering cause Chrysanthemum to be in great demand. The polyploid chrysanthemum has some superior properties but the growth rate and flowering time is slow due to colchicine. The study aimed to determine the influence of the concentration of the cytokinins in the growth and productivity of chrysanthemum polyploid genotypes. The experimental design as used Split Plot Design consists of 2 factors and 2 replications. The first factors were concentration of the cytokinin (Si, i are 1,…,4) as a main plot with different levels about 0, 1, 2,3, 4 ml L−1 of cytokinin solutions, respectively. The second factorswere the third generation of the polyploid chrysanthemum (G) genotype as a sub plot with 4 genotype, namely: g0 = KRA0, g1 = KRA1, g2 = KRA2, and g3 = KRA3. Based on the experiments and analysis results, it was found that the treatment of 3 ml L−1 of the cytokinin solution produced 16 shoots while the polyploid chrysanthemum genotype KRA2 gave the best response to the number of shoots at 12 WAP compared to other polyploid chrysanthemum genotypes.

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The Growth Response of Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) on Different Levels of Shade and Applicationof Fertilizer and Biochar

Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ◽

10.32734/jpt.v5i2.2990 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 183-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tapi Mutia Ariani Lubis ◽

Yaya Hasanah ◽

Nini Rahmawati

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Growth Response ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Field ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Different Levels ◽

Plot Design ◽

Plant Length

The intensity of the shade and fertilizer are the two aspects of the environment that important for the growth of madeira vine plants. The purpose of the research was to know the growth response of madeira vine on different levels shade and application of fertilizer and Biochar. The research was conducted in the research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan about ± 32 m above the sea, on June to August 2017. This research used Split Plot Design with 2 factors, level of shade (0%; 25%; 50%; dan 75%) and application Fertilizer (without fertilizer; urea 1.6 g/plant; chicken manure 53.3 g/plant; biochar rice husk 294.4 g/plant). This results research showed that without shade (0%) increased the growth of plant length but the 75% shade increased of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. Application of chicken manure was increasing plant length, shoot fresh weight but application biochar rice husk increased crop dry weight and leaf area. The interaction of different level shade and application of fertilizer was not significant affecting to the growth madeira vine plant in the end of observation.

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Respon Padi Gogo Terhadap Residu Pupuk Organik

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v3i2.566 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Baso Daeng

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growing Season ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Good Effect ◽

Best Response ◽

Different Types ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

The rate of conversion of paddy fields and irrigation water crisis suggest to consider the development of upland rice.� Empowerment of organic-based dryland done to increase rice, as well as environmental sustainability efforts.� The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer residue to upland rice in the second growing season.� Experiments using a split-split plot design.� The main plot consisted of a dosage of 50% and 100% organic fertilizer in the first growing season.� Sub plot consisted of chicken manure (20 tons ha-1), Centrosema� pubescens (4.3 tons ha-1) + chicken manure (10 tons ha-1), and Thitonia diversifolia (4.3 tons ha-1) + chicken manure (10 tons ha-1).� Sub-sub plot consist of Danau Gaung and Batu Tegi varieties.� The different types of fertilizer had no effect on plant productivity.� The addition of Thitonia diversifolia gave a good effect on some growth variable and its resistance due pathogen attack.� Batu Tegi varieties are varieties that give the best response from an organic fertilizer.� Interaction between dosage, type of fertilizer, and varieties do not provide areal impact.

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Effect of varieties and weeding regimes on weed and performance of

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.1(3).p121-130 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 121-130

Author(s):

U. Ismaila ◽

M. G. Kolo ◽

A. U. Gbanguba

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Aerobic Rice ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

And Performance ◽

Plot Design

A Field trial was conducted at the aerobic rice experimental field of the NationalCereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Nigeria (9 ° 04 N and 6° 7 E)in 2007 and 2008 wet seasons to determine the weed competitiveness andperformance of inter Ã¢â‚¬Â and intraÃ¢â‚¬Âspecific aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varietiesunder seven weeding regimes. The trial was laid out in a split plot designwith the two varieties of rice (NERICA 1 as inter Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific and FARO 46 asintra Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific) assigned to the main plot while seven weeding regimes (hoeweeding at 25, 45, and 65 days after sowing (DAS), 25 DAS, 45 DAS, 25 and45 DAS, application of 3’,3’ Ã¢â‚¬Â dichloropropionanilide /2, 4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (orizo plus R) by Candel Company Ltd. at 3.5 kg active ingredient(ai )ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 at 25 DAS, hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 3.5 kg aiat 45 DAS and weedy check) constituted the sub – plots. The treatmentswere replicated three times in a split plot design. From the results, interspecificvariety (NERICA1) had better weed suppression ability with highergrain yield of 3.1 t ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 than the intraÃ¢â‚¬Âspecific variety (FARO 46). Weed controlwas better when hoe weeding was done at 25, 45 and 65 DAS or 25 and45 DAS and at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS than in other treatments.However, hoe weeding at 25, 45 and 65 DAS gave significantlygreater grain yield than other treatments. Although economic yield was obtainedfrom hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS.

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Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Eragrostis plana (Poaceae) and its Relation with Phenology and Nitrogen Fertilization

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. CECCHIN ◽

A. FAVARETTO ◽

S.M. SCHEFFER-BASSO ◽

C.D. BERTOL ◽

S.O. CHINI

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

High Performance ◽

Phenological Stage ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Chromatography Analysis ◽

Allelopathic Activity ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Main Plot ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Plot Design

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to verify if the phenological stage and the nitrogen fertilization interfere in the allelopathic activity and in the concentration of potentially allelopathic phenolic compounds of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana). The assay consisted of a bifactor 3 (0.100 and 200 kg N ha-1) x 2 (harvested in vegetative and reproductive stages), in a split plot design. The N doses constituted the main plot and the phenological stage during the harvest the subplots, resulting in six treatments. The tough lovegrass plants derived from each of the treatments were subjected to allelopathy bioassays, in which aqueous extracts of the aerial parts were applied to lettuce cypselae (Lactuca sativa) and to phytochemicals tests when ethanolic extracts were used, with subsequent partition with ethyl acetate, followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. There was nitrogen x phenological stage interaction on biological and chemical attributes. The allelopathic extracts were, in descending order of inhibition of germination, those from plants harvested at the vegetative stage and fertilized with 100 kg N and at the flowering stage with 200 kg N, which showed the highest catechin concentrations. The caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids were in a higher concentration in flowered and fertilized plants with 0 or 200 kg N. The management of the nitrogen fertilization and the harvesting age influence the allelopathic activity and the phytochemical composition of tough lovegrass.

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